英语作文范文-说明文 (Exposition)写作

为说明某一事物在不同条件下的差异，

或此事物与

同类或不同类事物的差别，

作者往往采用比较和对比的手法来获得分

< br>清事理的写作效果。读者从比较或对比说明中获得教益。

4.

定义说明文

< br>通过揭示概念的内涵或下定义的方式来明确概念的写作方法。

旨在给事物的性质和 特点下定义，回答“什么是……”和“怎样理

解……”

之类的问 题。

故此，

这类作文要求作者具备科学严谨的文风，

文字说明要全面到位。

作者 常常会借助举例说

明的手法或比较说明的手法达到界定事物的目的。

在实际写作中，

作者一般在同一篇文章中运用多种手法达 到说

明事物的写作目的，运用单一手段者甚少。

(

三

)

范文评析：

Sample 1

The Potential of Internet Education

Internet

is

getting

into

people

’

s

life

and

becoming

more

and more popular. Experts are now working on setting up a

national

long-distance

educational

system

in

China

to

provide

educational opportunities via Internet.

In reality, the educational via Internet plan has been

taking shape. Some universities have already got involved in

regional long- distance education, catching the attention of

many educators and computer experts worldwide. Others have

just

connected

their

campus

computers

for

teaching

and

research, and provided more opportunities for learner.

The

Internet

education

will

be

developing

dramatically.

It

’

s

estimated

that

computerized

long-distance

teaching

networks

will

be

available

by

2010

for

postgraduate

education,

vocational

programs,

teachers

’

training

and

employees

’

training. Moreover, it will soon cover all the corners of the

globe and eventually win the worldwide popularity.

评析：

这是篇知识性说明文。

文章作者按三段式行文。

首段概括说明

远程教 育越来越普及而且专家们正致力于建立全国互联网教育系统。

正文说明我国互联网教育的 现状：

一些学校正普及区域性的网络教育，

引起全国关注；

而另一些学校将教育和科研联网，

共同开发，

机会多

多，潜力巨大。文章最后展望了互联网教育的前景，到

2010

年我国

将基本建成远程教育系统。从互联网教育的发展 趋势我们可以断定，

不久互联网教育将在世界各个角落普及。文章脉络清晰，结构严谨，

行文流畅，语义连贯，顺理成章。

Sample 2

Directions:

For

this

part,

you

are

allowed

thirty

minutes to write a composition on the topic Good Manners in

Different Cultures? You should write at least 150 words, and

base

your

composition

on

the

outline

(given

in

Chinese)

below:

i.

在许多社交场合一个人举止的好坏显得十分重要。

ii.

举例对比说明不同文化背景下的良好举止。

Good Manners in Different Cultures

In most cases of social contact, nothing reveals more

clearly what kind of person one is than his manners. A person

with

good

manners

is

more

welcome

anywhere

than

one

of

pleasing

appearance

but

with

unrefined

manners.

Yet

in

different

cultures, there are different manners which it is considered

worthwhile to cultivate in social life.

When you meet a friend on your way, for instance, it is

common sense to say something like

“

Where are you going?

”

or

“

Where

have

you

been?

”

in

the

Chinese

culture.

In

Western

societies, by contrast, even though both are close friends,

it is good manners to avoid greeting like that, for the first

reaction of most English-speaking people to such greetings

would probably be

“

It

’

s none of your business!

”

The same

is

true

of

when

a

person

sneezes.

On

that

occasion,

it

is

taken

for

granted

that

some

Chinese

nearby

remarks,

“

Someone

misses

you.

”

Or

humorously

”

Who

is

cursing

you?

”

,

whereas

an

American

or Englishman would rather like to say,

“

God bless you!

”

A

guest

in

an

Asian

house,

if

offered

something

to

drink,

usually

leaves a little to indicate that he has had enough, but in

England,

a

gust

always

finishes

up

a

drink

to

show

that

he

has

enjoyed it.

As for body languages, not all of them in one culture

convey the same message in another culture. In China, it is

normally

seen

as

signs

of

affection

to

touch,

hug

or

even

kiss

a

friend

’

s

baby.

In

the

eyes

of

western

mothers,

on

the

other

hand, such actions can arouse

dislike and even hostility from

them. The cases cited here can serve only as a reminder that

one

culture

’

s

meat

may

sometimes

be

another

culture

’

s

position.

Sample 3

Directions:

For

this

part,

you

are

allowed

thirty

minutes to write a composition on the topic

Computer Viruses.

You

should

write

at

least

150

words,

and

base

your

composition

on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1.

目前电脑系统时常受到病毒感染。

2.

电脑病毒有许多，试举例说出几种。

3.

我们应千方百计杀毒。

Computer Viruses

Computer

virus, whose essence

component

is a

set

of

instructions,

is

one

kind

of

threat

to

the

security

and

integrity

of

computer

sys

tem.

Nowadays

computer

systems

worldwide are often infected by computer viruses. Some cause

the

loss

of

programs

and

date,

erase

files

or

subtly

alter

data.

Others

even

crash

computers

or

make

them

useless.

In

this

way,

each year they cause tens of billions (US$$) of losses.

It

’

s estimated there are about 4500 kinds of computer

viruses, being unleashed at the rate of about 5 per day. How

terrible!

A

case

in

point

is

“

Love

Bug

”

which

proclaims

“

I

Love

You

”

in

the

E-mail

subject

line.

Once

the

Internet

surfer

opens the file with

“

I Love You

”

, the viruses would copy

themselves and destroy valuable computer pictures and video

files. Another case in point is the CIH, which is also very

destructive. Besides, there are also

“

Tedious

”

,

“

Concept

F

”

and

“

Explore Zip

”

,

“

Romeo & Juliet

”

, to name only a

few.

However, it

’

s high time for us to work out effective

ways to purge the viruses. On the one hand, I hope anti-bug

experts would write out more bug killers such as KV 3000 so

as

to

eliminate

the

bugs.

On

the

other

hand,

we

should

enhance

the

cyber

law

and

force

the

virus

writher

to

stop

playing

pranks

on the computer users so as to let the world be bug-free.

Sample 4

Directions:

For

this

part,

you

are

allowed

thirty

minutes to write a composition on the topic Cyber Crimes. You

should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on

the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1

．

网上犯罪的形式很多，如……

2

．

网上犯罪的根源。

3

．

如何打击网上犯罪现象。

Cyber Crimes

Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere, with a

few

clicks,

committing

all

kinds

of

cyber

crimes.

To

illustrate,

some

commit

fraud

or

lift

intellectual

property.

Others

subvert deals, snatch passwords or disrupt e-commerce. Still

others

unleash viruses to crash computers. As a

result, these

hackers do a great damage to companies and computer user,

causing computer losses up to 10 billion dollars per year.

Naturally, there are many causes for the cyber crimes.

In

addition

to

the

wicked

nature

of

the

hackers,

the

frailties

of Internet partially nourish the crimes. Just because there

are

holes

in

Internet-the

complex

soft

ware

is

buggy

and

often

infested, the cyber vandals can find out the weakness in the

Website

software

programs

and

by

manipulating

software

glitches, gain

access

to Website,

committing

all

kinds

of

crimes.

However, we shouldn

’

t tolerate these cyber criminals

any

more.

And

it

’

s

high

time

for

us

to

take

all

the

effective

steps to battle the cyber crooks. First we should reinforce

the cyber laws to protect the Web, the powerful engine of

economy. Besides, we should use high techniques to improve

intrusion

detection,

encryption

and

computer

security.

Finally,

we

should

train

more

talented

people

to

build

up

more

firewalls

so

as

to

make

the

Net

immune

to

all

kinds

of

viruses

and unassailable to all a kinds off cyber criminals.

Sample 5

Directions:

For

this

part,

you

are

allowed

thirty

minutes

to

write

a

composition

on

the

topic

Hackers.

You

should

write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the

outline (given in Chinese) below:

1.

黑客的目的。

2.

试举例说明黑客攻击的目标。

3.

如何打击黑客。

Hackers

Nowadays, hackers, the terrific cyber criminals often

hack

into

Websites

for

various

purposes.

Some

malicious

hackers execute assaults on computers chiefly for some evil

purposes. Other profiteers make attacks on e-commerce sites