词汇专有名词定义

词汇专有名词定义

3

“

logie

”

means< /p>

“

learningorthestudyof

< br>”

4lexicologymeans

“

scienceoftheword

”< /p>

.

5semantics: thestudyofthemeaningsofwordsandotherpartsoflangu

age.

6etymolog y:studiesthemeanings,originandhistoryofindividualw

ordsandtheirdevelopment.

7phraseology(

成语

学）

:mainlydealswithsetexpressionsandidioms.

8awordis

“

amin imalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeanin gan

dsyntacticfunction

”

.

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9vocabulary:totalnumberofwordsthatmakeupalanguage.

10basicwordstockisthefou ndationofthevocabularyaumulatedover

cent uriesandformsthemoncoreofthelanguage.

fthebasicwordstockhavebeeninuseforcentu ri

es,

ftheba sicstockaremostlyrootwordsormono

syllabi cwords.

elongingtothebasicwordstockoften

possessmorethanonemeaning

< br>rdsofthebasicwordstockenterquiteanumb

erofsetexpressions,idiomaticusages,proverbialsayi ngsandthel

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cesarenumerous.

15argot

—

generallyreferstothejargono fcriminals.

16dialectalwords

——

arewordsusedonlybyspeakersofthed ialectinquestion.

17arc haismsarewordsorformsthatwereonceinmonusebutarenow rest

rictedonlytospecializedorlimiteduse .18neologisms- arenewly-c

reatedwordsorexpressions.

19aliensareborrowedwords whichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronu

ncia tionandspelling.

ation- loansarewordsandexpressions

formedfromth eexistingmaterialintheenglishlanguagebutmodeled

onthepatternstakenfromanotherlanguage.

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fthiscategoryarenotborro wedwithrefer

encetotheform.

22sothethreesoundsarecalledphonemesratherthanmorph emes.

23themorphemeis

‘< /p>

thesmallestfunctioningunitinthepositiono fwords

’

24al lomorphs(

词素变体

/

语素变 体

/

形位变体

)

donotouratrandom,butarep hoicallyconditionedandthuspredictab

le:

25afreemorphemeisonethatcanbeuttere dalonewithmeaning.

26morphemes(

粘附词

素

)whichcanmotour( standalone)asseparatewordsareboundmorphem

es.

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27boundrootisthatpartofwordthatcarriest hefundamentalmeaning

justlikeafreeroot.

28affixes:affixesareform sthatareattachedtowordsorwordelemen

tsto modifymeaningorfunction(allaffixesareboundmorpheme s).

29derivationalaffix es:areaffixesaddedtoothermorphemestocrea

tenewwords.

30affixation(

< br>词缀

法

)isgenerallydefinedast heformationofwordsbyaddingword-form

tion fallsintotwosubclass

es:prefixationandsu ffixation.

31prefixation

前缀法

istheformationofnewwordsbyaddingpre fixestostems.

32suffixation

后缀法

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