工业工程专业英语翻译DefinitionofLogistics物流的定义

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Facility design has been often used in industry department such as factory including

layout design, the system design of materials handling, building design, information

system design and etc.

设施的设计 已在行业主管部门，如被经常使用，包括工厂布局设计，材料处理系统的

设计，建筑设计 ，信息系统设计等

Logistics Management

物流管理

Logistics System Design

物流系统设计

In external logistics system, the design implies the decisions about spots of the

networks for materials distribution. But in internal logistics system, the main target is

to improve the economy profits of the production system.

在外部物流系统，设计意味着对网络的物流配送点的决定。但在内部物流系统，主

要目标是提高生产系统的经济利润。

Functions of Logistics Systems

物流系统的功能

1. Members in logistics system should collaborate with the active partners and

integrate the serial activities of supply chain to improve the management and

strengthen the integrated service capability.

2. It is helpful for building the rapid response system. The time to prepare and the

cost will be reduced and the supply chain will accrue. The enterprise will be more

competitive.

1

。大家在物流系统应与积极的合作伙伴合作，整合供应链的 系列活动，以改善管

理，加强综合服务能力。

2

。它是建立快速反应系统有帮助。准备和成本将降低时间和供应链将拨。该企 业将更

有竞争力

3. A good logistics system can reduce the level of organization, work out the

personal potentiality of the employees, encourage the team spirit and make sure of

maximization of the corporate comprehensive interests3. It can also form the active

corporate culture oriented by the customer demands and supported by the

technological innovation.

3

。良好的物流系统可以降低组织化程度，制定出员工的个人 潜力，鼓励团队合作精

神，并确保企业的综合权益

3

导向，以技术创新支 撑。

Significance of Logistics.

物流的意义。

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The theory of logistics engineering is the study of analyzing, designing, optimizing

and controlling the logistics system as a whole. It utilizes the methods of the

industrial engineering and system engineering. The study of logistics is of great

importance in the production practice.

It can cutback the appropriation of labor, reduce the labor intensity, shorten the

production cycle and accelerate the capital turnover. It also can reduce the cost and

the circulating capital appropriation, raise the profits and economic efficiency, and

improve the product quality and the competitiveness of the enterprise.

物流工程的理论分析，设计，优化和控制的物流系统作为一个 整体的研究。它利用工

业工程和系统工程的方法。物流的研究是非常重要的，在生产实践 。

它可以削减劳动力的分配，减轻了劳动强度，缩短了生产周 期，加快资金周转。它也

可以降低成本和流动资金占用，提高利润和经济效益，提高产品 质量和企业的竞争

力。

Notes

1. “Logistics is

the time related positioning of resource or the strategic management

of the total supply chain. The supply chain is a sequence of events intended to

satisfy a customer. It can include procurement, manufacture, distribution, and waste

disposal, together with associated transport, storage and information technology.

”

句意：物流是关于时间的资源配置或者总供应链的战略管理。

供应链是满足顾客的事

件序列。

它可能包括采购、制造、配送、废物处理、以及相伴随的运输

,

存贮和信息

技术。

Logistics Engineering means the management process of choosing the best scheme

under the guidance of theories about system engineering and planning, managing,

controlling the system with lowest cost, high efficiency and good customer service

for the purpose of improving economy profits of the society and enterprises.

句意：物流工程是指为了改善社会和企业的经济效益，在关于 系统工程理论的指导下

选择最优的方案、以最低的成本、最高的效率和最好的客户服务规 划、管理和控制系

统的管理过程。

3. A good logistics system can reduce the level of organization, work out the

personal potentiality of the employees, encourage the team spirit and make sure of

maximization of the corporate comprehensive interests.

句意：一个好的物流系统可以减少管理的层次，发挥员工的个人潜能，激发团队精神

以及确保企业综合利益的最大化。

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Unit 2 Inventory Management

单元

2

库存管理

Inventory decisions are high risk and high impact for supply chain management.

Inventory committed to support future sales drives a number of anticipatory supply

chain activities. Without a proper inventory assortment lost sales and customer

dissatisfaction may occur. Likewise, inventory planning is critical to manufacturing.

Material or component shortages can shut down a manufacturing line or force

modification of a production schedule, which creates added cost and potential

finished goods shortages. Just as shortages can disrupt planned marketing and

manufacturing operations, inventory overstocks also create operating problems.

Overstocks increase cost and reduce profitability as a result of added warehousing,

working capital, insurance, taxes, and obsolescence. Management of inventory

resources requires an understanding of the principles, cost, impact, and dynamics.

期性的供应链活动。如果没有适当的库存品种销售损失和可能出现的客户不满。同

样，库存规划是制造中的关键。材料或元件短缺可以关闭一条生产线或力调整的生产

进 度，从而产生额外成本和潜在的制成品短缺。正如短缺可能破坏计划的营销和制造

业务， 库存积压也产生操作问题。存货过多增加成本，降低盈利能力的增加仓储的结

果，营运资 金，保险，税收，和报废。库存资源的管理需要的原则，成本，影响和动

态的理解

Inventory Risk

存货风险

Inventory management is risky, and risk varies depending upon a f

irm’s position in

the distribution channel. The typical measures of inventory commitment are time

duration, depth, and width of commitment.

For a manufacturer, inventory risk is long term. The manufacturer’s inventory

commitment starts with raw material and component parts, includes work-in- process,

and ends with finished goods. In addition, finished goods are often positioned in

warehouses in anticipation of customer demand. In some situations, manufacturers

are required to consign inventory to customer facilities. In effect, this practice shifts

all inventory risk to the manufacturer. Although a manufacturer typically has a

narrower product line than a retailer or wholesaler, the manufacturer's inventory

commitment is deep and of long duration.

库存管理是有风险的，而且风险取决于在分销渠道坚 定的立场各不相同。存货承诺的

典型措施是持续时间，深度和宽度的承诺。

对于一个制造商，库存风险是长期的。制造商的库存方面的承诺始于原材料 和零部

件，包括工作进程，并与制成品结束。此外，成品通常放置在仓库的预期客户的需

求。在某些情况下，生产商须委托库存，以客户的设施。实际上，这种做法转移所有

库存风险，制造商。虽然制造商通常具有更窄的产品线比零售商或批发商，制造商的

库存方面的承诺深，持续时间长和。

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A wholesaler purchases large quantities from manufacturers and sells smaller

quantities to retailers. The economic justification of a wholesaler is the capability to

provide retail customers with assorted merchandise from different manufacturers in

specific quantifies. When products are seasonal, the wholesaler may be required to

take an inventory position far in advance of the selling season, thus increasing depth

and duration of risk. One of the greatest challenges of wholesaling is product-line

expansion to the point where the width of inventory risk approaches that of the

retailer while depth and duration of risk remain characteristic of traditional

wholesaling1. In recent years, retail clientele have also forced a substantial increase

in depth and duration by shifting inventory responsibility back to wholesalers.

一个批发商采购大量的生产商及销售较少量给零售商。批发商的经济理由是有能力提

供零售客户提供从特定量词不同厂家生产的各种商品。当产品是季节性的，而批发商

< br>可能需要采取的存货状况远远提前销售季节，从而增加深度和风险的持续时间。其中

一个批发的最大挑战是产品线扩展到存货风险的宽度接近的零售商，同时深入和风险

的 持续时间保持传统

wholesaling1

的特征点。近年来 ，零售客户也被迫在深度和持续

时间大幅增加通过转移库存责任推回给批发商

For a retailer, inventory management is about buying and selling velocity. The

retailer purchases a wide variety of products and assumes a substantial risk in the

marketing process. Retailer inventory risk can be viewed as wide but not deep. Due

to the high cost of store location, retailers place prime emphasis on inventory

turnover and direct product profitability. Inventory turnover is a measure of

inventory velocity and is calculated as the ratio of annual sales divided by average

inventory.

对于零售商的库存管理是关于购买和 销售速度。零售商购买了各种各样的产品，并假

定在营销过程中的重大风险。零售商库存 风险可以被看作是宽，但不深。由于店面选

址成本高，零售商把总理强调存货周转率和直 接产品盈利能力。存货周转率是库存速

度的度量，计算公式为年销售额以平均存货除以比 例

If a business plans to operate at more than one level of the distribution channel, it

must be prepared to assume related inventory risk. For example, the food chain that

operates a regional warehouse assumes risk related to the wholesaler operation over

and above the normal retail operations. To the extent that an enterprise becomes

vertically integrated, inventory must be managed at all levels of the supply chain.

如果一个企业计划在分销 渠道的多个级别来操作，它必须准备承担相关的库存风险。

例如，经营区域仓库食物链承 担相关风险，并在正常的零售业务上的批发商操作。在

某种程度上，企业成为垂直整合， 库存必须在各级供应链的管理

Inventory Functionality

库存功能

From an inventory perspective, the ideal situation would be a response capability to

manufacture products to customer specification. While a zero-inventory

manufacturing/ distribution system is typically not attainable, it is important to

remember that each dollar invested is a trade-off with an alternative use of assets

that may provide a better return

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从库存的角度来看，理想的情况是一个应变能力，以制造 产品，以客户的规格。虽然

是零存货的生产

/

< br>配送系统通常是不能达到的，但要记住，每一个美元的投资是一个权

衡以其他方式 使用资产可能会提供一个更好的回报是很重要的

Inventory is a major asset that should provide return for the capital invested. The

return on inventory investments is the marginal profit on sales that would not occur

without inventory. Accounting experts have long recognized that measuring the true

cost and benefits of inventory on the corporate profit-and-loss is difficult. Lack of

measurement sophistication makes it difficult to evaluate the trade-offs among

service levels, operating efficiencies, and inventory levels. While aggregate inventory

levels have been decreased, many enterprises still carry an average inventory that

exceeds their basic requirements. This generalization can be understood better

through a review of the four prime functions of inventory.

库存是应该提供回报的投资资本的 主要资产。存货投资的回报是销售就不会发生，没

有库存的边际利润。会计专家早就认识 到，衡量的真实成本和企业利润和存货损失利

益是困难的。缺乏测量的复杂性使得很难评 估取舍之间的服务水平，运营效率和库存

水平。虽然总库存水平已经下降，许多企业仍然 携带的平均库存超过他们的基本要

求。这一概括可以通过存货的四个首要职能进行审查被 更好地理解。

Geographical Specialization

地理专业

Allow geographical positioning across multiple manufacturing and distributive units of

an enterprise. Inventory maintained at different locations and stages of the value-

creation process allows specialization.

允许跨多个生产地域的定位和企业的分配单位。库存 维持在价值创造过程中的不同位

置和阶段允许专业化。

Decoupling

解耦

Allows economy of scale within a single facility and permits each process to operate

at maximum efficiency rather than having the speed of the entire process

constrained by the slowest.

允许经济规模内的单个设备，并允许每个进程以最高效

率，而不是由最慢的约束，整个过 程的速度来操作

Supply/Demand Balanc ing

供应

/

需求平衡

Accommodate elapsed time between inventory availability (manufacturing, growing,

or extraction) and consumption

适应可用库存之间经过的时间（制造，种植，或提取）和消费

Buffering Uncertainty

缓冲不确定性

Accommodates uncertainty related to demand in excess of forecast or unexpected

delays in order receipt and order processing on delivery and is typically referred to as

safety stock.

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These four functions require inventory investment to achieve managerial operating

objectives. Given a specific manufacturing/marketing strategy, inventories planned

and committed to operations can only be reduced to a level consistent with

performing the four inventory functions2. All inventories exceeding the minimum

level are excess commitments.

可容纳的不确定性超出预测或在收到订单和订单处理交货和意外延误，要求有关，通

常被称为安全库存。

这四个函 数需要的库存投资，以实现管理的经营目标。给出了具体的生产

/

营销策

略，库存计划，并承诺操作只能降低到与执行四个盘点

functions2

相一致的水平。所

有存货，超出最低水平 是多余的承诺。

At the minimum level, inventory invested to achieve geographical specialization and

decoupling can only be modified by changes in facility location and operational

processes of the enterprise. The minimum level of inventory required to balance

supply and demand depends on the difficult task of estimating seasonal

requirements. With accumulated experience over a number of seasonal periods, the

inventory required to achieve marginal sales during periods of high demand can be

projected fairly well. A seasonal inventory plan can be formulated based upon this

experience.

在最低水平，库存投资，以实现地域 专业化和去耦只能通过在工厂的位置和改变企业

的运作流程进行修改。平衡供给和需求所 需存货的最低水平取决于估算季节性需求的

艰巨任务。随着经验积累了一些季节性的周期 ，在高需求期间实现边际销售所需的库

存可以预测得相当好。季节性的库存计划可以制定 基于这方面的经验

Inventories committed to safety stocks represent the greatest potential for improved

logistical performance. These commitments are operational in nature and can be

adjusted rapidly in the event of an error or policy change. A variety of techniques are

available to assist management in planning safety stock commitments. The focus in

the balance of this chapter is on a thorough analysis of safety stock relationships and

policy formulation.

致力于安全库存存货指为改善后勤性能的最大潜力。这些承诺是业务性质，可以在发

生错误或政策变化时迅速作出调整。多种技术可用来协助管理规划安全库存的承诺。