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新概念第三册
语法精粹
新概念第三册语法精粹
第一章
英语从句
Subordination
英语
从句主要有定语从句,状语从句和名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语
从句)
一.定语从句
1
.
定语从句:由关系代词
who,
whom, whose, that, which;
关系副词
when, where,
why
引导。
(下面十个句子请读
5
遍并脱口译出!
)
1. The death notices tell us about
people who have died during the week.
2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now
is my friend.
3. The
building whose lights are on is beautiful.
4. Please find a place
which we can have a private talk in.
5. The knee is the joint where the
thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
6. He still remembers the
day when he went to school.
7. It is no need telling us the reason
why you didn't finish it in time.
8. He has three sons, two of whom died
in the war.
9. Mr. Smith,
whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English.
10. In the Sunday paper
there are comics, which children enjoy.
2
.
只能用
that
和
who
引导的定语从句
A
.
all, nothing,
anything, a few, one
做先行词指物时
B
.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时
,后面常跟
that
而不是
which
.
C
.
先
行词前有
the only, the first,
the last, the next, the very
等词修饰时,
引导词只能用
that
。
D
.当先行词是
anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody,
someone, somebody
时,后面要用
who
p>
或
whom
;
●
All that glitters is not
gold.
闪光的并非都是金子。
3
.
as
引导定语从句
as
引导的定语从句有两种形式:
A
.引导限制性语从句。
在此类定语从句中,
as
常与主语中作为其先行词
的
such, the same
或
a
s
联用构成,
“
such...
p>
as
”
,
“
the same... as
”
和
“
as
...as
”
句型,可代替先行词。
例如:
We hope to get such a
tool as he is using.
我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。
B
.
as
引
导非限制性定语从句时,作用与
which
相同,
as
作为关系代词代替整个主句。
(这是语法考试的一个考点。
)
[注意区别]
:
as
引导的从句用于句首、句中或句后,而
< br>which
引导的定语从句不能放在句首。
例如:
As is reported, a foreign
delegation will visit the city.
1
新概念第三册
语法精粹
据报道,一个外国代表团将访问这个城市。
二.状语从句
超级作文联接词及词组,全部拿下!
①
原因:
because, since, now
that
(既然)
as, for, this
reason....
②
结果:
so that, so, therefore,
consequently, so as to, as a result ....
③
时间:
after, before, when,
while, as, until, as soon as, since, by the time,
once, lately,
presently, shortly after,
currently, at present, nowadays ...
④
条件:
if, only if., once,
unless, in the event (that), in case (that),
provided that, on the
condition that,
etc.
⑤
让步:
though,
although,
even
though(if),
no
matter
what
/
how
/
when
→
whatever
/
however / whenever ....
⑥
目的:
in order that, in order
to, to,
⑦
比较:
than, as ... as, by compa
rison
(相比较)
,
by
contrast
(相对照)
....
三.名词性从句
王牌要点:通常由
that
或疑问词导出。
1. How some mammals came to
live in the sea is not
know.
(主语从句)
2. The attorney told his client that
they had little chance of winning the
case.
(宾语从句)
3. The problem is what we'll do
next.
(表语从句)
4. We have no idea that he has come
back.
(同位语从句)
同位语(
Appositive
)
:
同位语是英语语法的重点内容,
也是各类考试中的一个考点,
同时,
在写作中正确
运用同位语
可以使你的句型更加简洁得体。
《新概念英语》
第三册第一课有这样一个句子:
When reports came into London zoo that
a
wild puma had been spotted forty-five
miles south of London, they were not taken
seriously.
(当伦敦动物园接到报告说,在伦敦
以南
45
英里处发现一只美洲狮时,这些报告并没有受到
重视。
)
在这里,
a wild puma had been
spotted forty-five miles south of London
就是同位语从句,它
本来应该放在
“
reports
”
后面,
这里却被放在了谓语成分
came into
London zoo
的后面,
目的是让
句型显得更为稳重。
I
.简单记忆:同位语从句,就是对某些名词做进一步的解释的句子。
I was greatly shocked when
I heard the news that his father died yesterday.
(
that
引导的句子解释了
news
的内容,注意:
< br>that
不做任何成分)
We have to face the fact that the
weather is unexpectedly bad.
(
that
引导的句子解释了
fact
的内容)
II
.联想记忆:
能接同位词从句的名词有:
beli
ef
(信仰)
,
fact
,
idea
,
doubt<
/p>
,
rumor
(谣言)
< br>,
evidence
(证
据)<
/p>
,
conclusion
(结论)
,
suggestion
(建议)
,
problem
,
or
der
,
answer
,
discovery
(
发
现)
explanation
2
新概念第三册
语法精粹
(解释)
< br>,
principle
(原则)
,
possibility
(可能性)
,
truth
,
promise
(承诺)
,
report
(
报告)
,
statement<
/p>
(声明)
,
knowledge
(知识)
,
opinion
(观点)
,
likelihood
(可能性)
[大声朗读三遍,背下即可。
]
III
.王牌要点:
●
同位
语一般由
that
引导,但也可以用关系代词
< br>which, who, what
和关系副词
when, where,
why, how
或
whether
引导。
There arouse the question
whether we could win the game.
I have no idea howto explain it.
●
一些
介词词组后面也能引导同位语从句。
(非常经典之功能句式,
可
用于四六级和托福作文,
不妨一试!
)
:
on the assumpt
ion
(在
……
前提下)
,
on the ground
< br>(由于
……
原因)
,
on the condition that
(在
……
条件下)
,
< br>
with the exception
(有
……
例外)
owing to the fact
(由于
< br>……
事实)
;
on the understanding
(基于
……
理解)
;
The young lady promised to marry the
old man on the condition that he bought her a
villa.
那位年轻的女士答应嫁给那位老头,条件是他给她买一幢别墅。
IV
.分隔式同位语从句
为了使句型平衡不至于头重脚轻,有时同位语从句可以放到句
子的末尾,
(读两遍此定义,然
后看倒句:
)
An idea came
to him that he might write to her to ask more
information about the matter.
I got information from my friend that
there will be a marvelous American movie
V.
同位语从句与定语从句之区别
简单记忆:
定语从句的引导词
that
或
which
在句子中用作主语或宾语,
而同位语从句的引导<
/p>
词
that
只起连接主句和从句之作用,
不用作任何成分。
示例:
I've
got an answer that A is right.
(
同位语从句,
that
不做成分
)
I've got an answer that surprised me a
lot.
(定语从句,
that
做定语
从句的主语)
< br>VI
.王牌重点:可以充当同位语的词组或短语。
1
)名词
短语。
(
使句型更为简洁
)
Bill Clinton, the
president of America, came to China to pay an
official visit in 1998.
Lu
Xun, one of the greatest essayists in China,
played an overwhelmingly important role in
Chinese literature history.
2
)动名词词组亦可用作同位语:别忘了加逗号。
(
使句型更为流畅
)
I'm crazy about the game,
playing baseball.
Going to
concert, that sounds a great idea.
3
)不定式短语。
(
陌生只是掌握的开始
)
The problem what to do next remains
unsolved.
3
新概念第三册
语法精粹
Her claim to
have finished his work is nothing but a white lie.
4
)形容词词组。
< br>(有逗号隔开)
All
the workers, young or old, should be treated
equally.
Young man, short
or tall, should have the right to take the
opportunity.
VII.
同位语的引导词。
(
重要!这是中高级写作中不可缺少的引导成分
)
引导词用来表示同位语与它所说明的同位成分之间的关系:
1
.
namely, that it
is, that is to say
(也就是说)
, in
other words
(换句话说)
, or, for
short
表
示等同关系。
2
.
such as, say,
so to speak
(譬如说)
,
including
(包括)
, for
instance
(或
for
example (e.g.
/
eg
)
,表示举例和列举关系。
3
.
especially,
mostly, chiefly, or better, in particular, particu
larly
表示突出重点,
(在高难度阅
读中表示后面的部分为更重要或更突出的部分,是出题的关键点。
)
< br>
测试精编
I.
选择正确选项:
1. ________ all behavior is learned
behavior is a basic assumption of social
scientists.
A. Nearly
B. That nearly
C. It is nearly
D.
When nearly
2. The people
at the party were worried about Janet because no
one was aware ________
she had gone.
A. where that
B. of where
C.
of the place where
D. the place
3.
—
Susan hasn't
written us for a long time.
—
What do you
suppose________ to her?
A.
that happened
B. happened
C.
to happen
D.
having happened
4.
—
May I have the loan?
________ you offer good security.
A. But
B.
Unless
C. Provided
D. But for
5.
Gorillas are quiet animals, ________ they are able
to make about twenty different sounds.
A. how
B. in spite of
C. because of
D.
even though
6. The little
White House in warm springs was the Georgia home
of President Franklin-D.
Roosevelt
________ there on April 12, 1945.
A. who died
B. died
C. while died
D.
he died
7. Essentially, a
theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of
________ reality.
A. what
it is conceived
B. that is conceived
C. what is conceived to be
D. that is
being conceived of
8. Seeds
usually germinate ________ the temperature is
favorable.
A. if
B. whereas
C. as a result
D.
in consequences
9. Francis
Preston Blair. Jr, ________ born in Kentucky,
lived and practiced in Missouri.
A. was
B. he was
C. although
D. who he was
10. ________, work songs often exhibit
the song culture of a people in a fundamental
form.
A. They occur where
they are
B. Occurring
where
C. Where they occur
D. Where do they occur
4
新概念第三册
语法精粹
第二章
虚拟语气
THE
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望,与事实相反的假设,通常分为基本的三种形式。
< br>
1.
与现在事实相反的虚拟:
If +
did / were + ..., ... would
should
could
+ do
(动词原形)
might
If I were you, I would go abroad at
once. (I am not you.)
If he
knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it
now.)
2.
与过去事实相反的虚拟:
If +
had done + ..., ... would (might) have done ...
If I had known your
telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned
you.
(I didn't know your
telephone number.)
If you
had come here a littleearlier just now, you might
have met her.
(You didn't
come here earlier.)
3.
与将来事实相反的虚拟:
(1) If + should + v., ... would + v.
(可能性很小)
(译作
“
万一
”
)
If it should rain tomorrow, you
could stay at home.
If I
should fail, what should Ido?
(2) If + did / were to + v
..., would + v.
(完全不可能)
If the sun were to rise in the west, I
would lend you the money.
If you finished it in 3 minutes, I
would give you my car.
4. <
/p>
金牌特殊重点:
!
!
[简单联想记忆]
:
●
下列动词后的
< br>“
宾语从句
”
中需要用虚拟形式
,即
should
+
动词原形,<
/p>
shoud
在美国英语中要省
略(
TOEFL
语法考点)
。此类常见的动词有:
order,
ask,
decide,
demand,
require,
recommend,
< br>suggest
(建议)
insist
< br>(坚决要求)
,
advise, etc.
例句:
He suggested
that we (should) help them with English.
The teacher ordered that
the homework (should) be finished within half an
hour.
●
下列名词后的同位语从句中要用
“should +
动词原形
”
(
shou
ld
可省去)的虚拟。
suggestion,
order,
request,
demand,
importance,
proposal.
He
made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy
dress party.
I think it is
a thing of importance that it (should) be done
soon.
● It
is
/ was important / necessary /
natural / essential / advisable / strange /
surprising, ect. + that
+
主语
+ should + v.
It is strange that you
should say such a thing.
It
was important that you should tell me all the
information.
5
新概念第三册
语法精粹
●
wish
后的宾语从句中,
as if
后的状语从句中,须用下列的虚拟形式:
主
+ wish+ (that)
+
主
+ did /
were
(指现在)
haddone
(指过去)
would+ v.
(指将来)
Iwishthat I met my uncle
now.
IwishI had met my
uncle yesterday.
IwishI
could meet my uncle tomorrow.
● It is (high) time that
... + did
/ were ...
It is time that you went to bed.
● would rather
that ... + did
/ were ...
I would rather that you were not here
now.
● would
sooner that ... + did
/ were ...
I would sooner that you got
up earlier.
I would sooner
that you were not my brother.
测试精编
I.
选择正确选项:
1. I ________ he had taught me the
word, but he didn't.
A.
believe
B.
hope
C. wish
D. think
2. The man in charge recommends that
this matter ________ at the meeting. A. would be
discussed
B.
will
be
discussed
C.
be
discussed
D.
may be discussed
3. It is raining now, otherwise we
________ go out play.
A.
could
B. can
C. may
D. will
4. ________ he come late, give him the
message.
A. Had
B.
Should
C.
Would
D.
Did
5. Hadn't my car broke
down, I ________ the train.
A.
would
have
caught
B.
might
catch
C.
could
catch
D.
would
catch
6. I would
have helped him if I had time, but I ________.
A. haven't
B.
had
C. didn't
D. wouldn't
7. The dam was built in
time to protect the inhabitants from the flood;
________.
A. otherwise the
damage would be beyond measure.
B. the damage, otherwise, should be
very great.
C. the damage
could have been very serious otherwise.
D. the damage caused,
therefore, many of them homeless.
8. It is natural that an employee
________ his work on time.
A. finishes
B. finish
C. can finish
D.
finishs
9. I would go
abroad but that I ________ poor.
A. am
B. was
C.
shall be
D. were
10.
Don't act as if you ________ the only pebble on
the beach.
A. are
B.
were
C. have been
D. would be
6
新概念第三册
语法精粹
第三章
代替与省略
SUBSTITUTIONAND OMISSION
英语中,为了避免不必要的重复,经常用
so, not,
to, do, does
代替前面出现的动词或相关内
容。
如:
He translated the article
better than I did.
(did
代替
wrote it)
—
Doyou think
she isclever?
—
I think so. (so
代替
she is clever)
(1)
从上两例中看出,
do /
does / did
代替动词。
(2)
与
not
代替某个词、
短语、
句子等,<
/p>
通常用于
hope, think, believe,
expect, suppose,
be afraid, fear,
imagine, etc
后作宾语。
E.g.
—
Is it
correct?
—
I'm
afraid not.
(not correct)
(3)
用作不定式,常跟随下列动词:
want, mean,
hope, expect, refuse, seem, intend, be,
afraid, etc.
E.g. I asked him to go to the party,
but he refused to. (go to the party)
(4)
用来代替动态动词,而不能代静态动词。
Eg.
—
He gave up
studying English.
—
Why did
he do so? (= give up studying English)
—
The dish
tastes nice.
—
Yes, so it does. (tastes nice)
(
此句不能用
it does it
或
it does so,
因
taste
属静态动词。
< br>)
(5)
为使语言精炼,避免不必要的重复,对话中常用省略形式。
E.g.
—
He is
thinking of buying a car?
—
Is he?
(
< br>这里,
“
thinking of buying a
car
”
被省略了。
)
—
Will he come back in time?
—
Perhaps.
(
省略了
he
will come back in time.
)
测试精编
I
.选择正确答案:
1.
—
Shall I wake you up tomorrow?
—
Yes, ________ .
A. please do
B. you shall
C.
you will
D. you may
2. I
think records are often ________ an actual
performance.
A. as good as
or better than
B.
as good or better than
C.
like good or better than
D. as good as any other
3.
—
If he doesn't come to work, he may be fired.
—
Surely he isn't so foolish
________ not
to realize that.
A. so
B. and
C.
but
D. as
7
新概念第三册
语法精粹
4.
—
Don't
you
think
Alan's
health
has
beenruined
by
smoking?
—
Yes,
he
told
me
________ himself.
A. the fact
B. this thing
C. It
D.
so
5.
—
Will
you
go
home
tomorrowevening?
—
No,
I'm
going
to
a
lecture,
or
at
least,
I'm
planning ________ .
A. on
B. to
C. so
D.
It
6.
—
I slipped on the stairs, I
think my arm is broken.
—
Oh! I ________ .
A. do not
hope so
B. do not hope
C. hope not so
D.
hope not
7. California
relies mainly on income from fruit crops, and
________ .
A. Florida also
B. Florida too
C. Florida is
as well
D. so does Florida
8.
—
Have you been here long?
—
________ .
A. No, not very
B. Not much
C. Yes, only little
D. No, only yesterday
9.
—
You look happy today, Mary.
—
I like my new dress and
mother ________, too.
A.
does
B. likes
C. is
D. do
10.
—
So you are lost, little boy. Why didn't you hang
on to your mother's skirt?
—
________, but I couldn't
reach it.
A. I hanged to
B. I did to
C. I didn't hang
to
D. I tried to
第四章
倒
装
INVERSION
根据语法要求,把谓语动词置于主语前,称为完全倒装,把助
动词或情态动词置于主语前,
称为部分倒装。
1
.副词如:
in, out,
down, there, here, off, over, away, etc.
句子倒装。
(完全倒装,但主语不
能是代词)
Down jumped the murderer from the
tenth floor.
In came Miss
Green.
(特别注意:当主语是人称代词时不倒装。
)<
/p>
Away she
went!
(她走了!
)
Here you
are!
(你在这儿!
)
2
.
only +
副词(介词短语)位于句首,句子要倒装。
Only then did he realize that he was
mistaken.
Only by working
hard can we succeed in doing anything.
3
.
well, so,
often, such, few, little
放于句首,句子形成倒装。
So
fine was the weather that we all went out lying in
the sun.
Well did I know
him and well did he know me.
4
.否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首时,句子须倒装。此类词有:
neither
,
nor
,
hardly
,
scarcely
,
ra
rely
,
seldom
,
not
,
never
,<
/p>
not only
,
barely
,
at no time
,
< br>nowhere
等。
e.g.
—
Jack could not swim.
—
Neither could
Tom.
Never have I seen such
a good movie.
8
新概念第三册
语法精粹
5
.
as
引导让步状语从句,须倒装。
(
准确地说,是将需要强调的词提到
as
的前面。
)
Rich as he
is, he spends a cent on charity.
Try as he does, he never seems able to
do the work beautifully.
6
.在表示祝愿的句子中。
May you make greater progress!
(愿你取得更大进步!
)
7
.在虚拟条件句中,连词
if
< br>省略时,句型要倒装,即将
were, had,
should
等词提到句首。
Were I you, I would go abroad to take
advanced study.
我要是你,就出国进修了。
Should he come tomorrow, he would help
us to settle the problem.
他要是明天来的话,他会帮我们解决这个问题的。
8
.百分特例重点:
Much as we may pride ourselves on our
good taste, we are no longer free to choose the
things we want.
(
NCE Book III Lesson
26
)
尽管我们为自己的绝好鉴赏力
感到自豪,但我们已经无法自由地选择我们所需要的东西
了。
测试精编
I
.选择正确选项:
1. Not until the mid-nineteenth-century
discovery of vast deposits of borate's in the
Majave
Desert ________ relatively
common.
A. borax became
B. did borax become
C. and borax become
D. borax's becoming
2. ________ received law
degrees as today.
A. Never
so many women have
B. Never
have so many women
C. The
women aren't ever
D. Women
who have never
3. ________
the Bob's belongings that he carried them in a
bundle slung over his shoulders.
A. Were so few
B. Few were so
C. So few were
D.
They were so few
4. Only
after a baby seal is pushed into the sea by its
mother ________ to swim.
A.
how will it learn
B.
will it learn how
C. it
will learn how
D. and it
learns how
5. Not only
________ a promise, but he also kept it.
A. did he made
B.
he made
C. did he make
D. he makes
6.
Nowhere in the world ________ .
A. travelers can buy so much beauty for
so little as in Hawaii.
B.
no one can buy so much beauty for so little money
as Hawaii.
C. so much
beauty can be bought for so little money in
Hawaii.
D. can travelers
buy so much beauty for so little money as in
Hawaii.
7. No sooner
________ gone home than it began to rain heavily.
A. had I
B. have I
C.
I had
D. I have
9
新概念第三册
语法精粹
8. Not for a
moment ________ the truth of your story.
A. he has doubted
B. he doubts
C. did he doubt
D.
he did doubt
9. ________
succeed in doing anything. A. Only by working hard
we can B. By only working
hard we can
C. Only by working hard can we D. Only we can work
hard
10. Never before in
similar circumstances ________ .
A. a British Prime Minister had refused
to step down.
B. did a
British Prime Minister have refused to step down.
C. a British Prime Minister
did have refused to step down.
D. had a British Prime Minister refused
to step down.
11. People might avoid
many accidents ________ these methods been adopted
before.
A. that
B. were
C. have
D. had
12. ________arose the problem that the
boy will never overcome the great difficulties.
A. It
B.
This
C.
Here
D.
Those
第五章
形容词
ADJECTIVES
定义:形容词是用来修饰名词的词,描述名词的性质、外观、特点等。
功能:形容词可以做定语、表语或补助语。
分类:主要分为两类:描绘性形容词和限定性形容词。
●
描绘性形容词主要用来描绘大、小、新旧、颜色、质量等。
●
限定性形容词主要用来限定所修饰词的数量、距离及范围所
属等。
1
.当形容词修饰单数可数名词时,必须与冠词连用:
a
lovely girl,
the naughty boy
2
.
形容词
可与系动词连用,
做表语,
说明主语的性状。
< br>常用系动词有:
be
,
beco
me
,
seem
,
appear
,
feel
,
look
,
taste
,
smell
,
sound
,
remain
,
go
,
turn
,
keep
,
stay, etc.
The dish tastes delicious.
The music sounds sweet.
The milk went bad.
小心陷阱
feel
,
smell
,
taste
,
look
p>
,
keep
有时可以用作实义动词,并可以
用副词修饰。
He looked me up and
down carefully.
I tasted
the soup slowly to see whether it was salty.
3
.形容词用作后置定语。
(简单理解:一般的形容词修饰名词时放在名词前面,但有些形容词修
饰
名词时放在名词的后面)
a river
navigable
(一条可通航的河)
sight
visible
可见的景象
person responsible
(负责人)注意:
p>
responsible
person
(有责任心的人)
the best way
possible
(尽可能好的办法)
the number
necessary
(必要的数量)
the people
present
(在场的人)
4
.只能作表语的形容词
10
新概念第三册
语法精粹
1
.某些表示健康状况的形容词。
<
/p>
well
(身体好的)
,
ill
(病的)
,
faint
(虚弱的)
,
poorly
(身体不好的)
示例:
His mother has been ill
for a long time.
特别注意:
sick
是个特例。它既可做表语,又可做定语。
He is sick for a couple of
days.
(他病两三天了)
He
is a sick
person.
(他是个病人。
)
2
.某些以
a-
开头的形容词。
如:
afraid
(害怕的)
,
alone
(独自的)
,
alive
(活着的)
,
asleep
(睡着的)
,
awake
(醒
着
的)
,
aware
(意识到的)
The old man is alone
in the
house.
(老人一个人在家。
)
The teacher is alive with enthusiasm.
p>
(这位老师热情洋溢。
)
He is asleep in his mother's arms.
(他在母亲的怀抱中睡着了。
)
I have been aware of the difficulty.
(我已经意识到了困难。
)
5
.
当一系
列形容词修饰名词时,
须注意排列顺序:
代明形容词
+
数量形容词
+
性状
形容词
+
名
词。
(
下图看起来费劲,看透了绝对
实用
)
代明形容词
数量形容词
性状形容词
名词
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
用于冠
冠词
大小
名词
词前的
指示代
性质
长短
新旧
序数
基数
颜色
国籍
材料
形容词
状态
形状
温度
词
物主代
动名
词
不定代
词
词
All
the
first
one
good
big
old
blue
English
wood
box
A(n)
Both
second
two
bad
small
new
yellow
Indian
stone
this
that
round
Iron
cage
Such
...
...
...
cold
...
...
your
...
Some
Eg.
a broken small old gray stone bridge.
such a good yellow pen.
测试精编
I
.选择正确选项:
1. The Chinese food served in American
restaurant is not bad but I prefer ________.
A. Chinese food
authentically
B. Chinese
authentic food
C. food
Chinese authentically
D.
authentic Chinese food
2. ________ lessons were not difficult.
A. Our first few short
English
B. Our few first short English
C. Our few first English
short
11
新概念第三册
语法精粹
D. Few our
first English short
3.
—
Do you think
that the Labor bill will be passed?
—
Oh, yes, it's ________
that it will.
A. almost
surely
B. very likely
C. near positive
D.
quite certainly
4.
—
Have you
traveled much?
—
No, I have
done ________ traveling.
A.
few
B. little
C. small
D. less
5.
—
I was very
busy.
—
Did you really work
hard ________?
A. all day
B. all the day
C. all the day long
D. all of day long
6.
—
Do you need anything from the store?
—
________ and some cheddar
cheese.
A. Only a French
bread loaf
B. A French bread loaf only
C. Only a loaf of French
bread
D. A loaf of French
bread only
7.
According to the information, the newly-
constructed highway is said to be ________.
A. lengthy twenty miles
B. length about twenty miles
C. about twenty miles long
D. in twenty
miles of length
8. Mr. Smith has done ________ business
here.
A. a lot of
B.
a number of
C. much
D. lots
9.
—
Are
you
helping to
organize
the
political convention?
—
I'm in
charge
of
welcoming
the
________.
A.
out-of-town visitors
B.
visitors from outside of town
C. visitors out-of-town
D. outside town visitors
10.
—
Does Jane have brown hair?
—
Yes, In fact, it's quitesimilar in shape ________
yours.
A. as
B. with
C. like
D.
to
第六章
副
词
ADVERBS
定义:副词用来修
饰动词(系动词除外)
,形容词,其它副词或整个句子。
功能:表示时间、方式、程度、范围等。
分类:
●
时间及频度副词:
before
,
p>
frequently
,
always
p>
,
usually
等
● <
/p>
地点副词:
here
,
< br>northward
,
anywhere
,
above
,
below<
/p>
等
●
p>
方式副词:
rapidly
,
quickly
,
clearly
< br>,
hard
,
well
等
●
程度副词:
quite
,
much
,
nearly
,
just
,
enough
,
perfectly
,
only
等
12
新概念第三册
语法精粹
●
疑问副词:
how
,
why
,
when
,
wher
e
等
例:
He walked out of the room
slowly.
She looks very
beautiful.
We study English
very carefully.
Even a
child can do it better.
Perhaps she will telephone you
tomorrow.
金牌要点:几个重要副词的使用:
1. enough
:修饰形容词或副词,须置于被修饰词后;
而修饰名词时放在修饰词的前面。
He is old
enough to go to school.
I
have enough money to buy this type of bicycle.
2.
too
:位于形容词或副词前。
She is too eager to see me.
3.
very
:置于所修饰的形容词、副词前。
He is very handsome and many girls like
to speak with him.
4.
much
:修饰动词,形容词及副词比较级。
The subject has beentalked too much.
Her dress is much more
beautiful than mine.
5. still:“
依旧,仍然
”<
/p>
用于肯定句、否定句中。
He
still remembers the days they spent together.
I still can not catch his
words.
6. yet:
位于疑问句末尾时意思是
“
已经
”
;用于否定句时意思是
“
< br>还
”
。
Have you emptied the dustbin yet?
I haven't done that yet.
7. only:
根据句意灵活运用。
(
请翻译下面三个句子!
)
Only he can tell
you how to do it.
He can
only tell you how to do it.
He can tell you how to do it only
today.
8.
hardly, scarcely, seldom,
never
本身为否定意义副词,注意使用。
Hardly had we left the station when it
began to rain.
你知道吗?
几个易混淆的副词:
1.
easy: stand easy (= comfortably)
easily: It can't be solved easily.
2. clear: The
bullet went clear through the window
(= directly)
clearly: Clearly, he doesn't know
anything about it.
(=
obviously)
13
新概念第三册
语法精粹
3. high: He can jump very
high.
(高地)
highly:
We think highly of the good
teacher.
(高度地)
4. just: We have just know the
news.
(刚刚)
justly:
He was justly punished.
(公正地)
5. hard: You
must think hard.
(努力地)
hardly: He hardly knows about
it.
(几乎不)
6. pretty: He is not pretty sure about
it.
(非常)
prettily:
The girl is prettily
dressed.
(漂亮地)
7. near: He lives near the
school.
(附近)
nearly: I nearly missed the
bus.
(几乎)
8. late: Don't come late next
time.
(迟到)
lately:
I haven't read novels
lately.
(最近)
9. formally: You should be dressed
formally at the
meeting.
(正式地)
formerly: Formerly, he was the manager
of the company.
(以前)
10.
free
(免费地)
freely
(自由地)
11.
most
(最)
mostly
(大部分)
12.
sharp
(准时地)
sharply
(严厉地)
测试精编
I
.选择正确选项:
1. Automobile production of
the present time has been increased ________.
A. greatly
B. highly
C.
on a large scale
D. infinitely
2.
—
Was the
class long enough?
—
No,
________ enough.
A. it
wasn't much too long
B. it
wasn't too much long
C. it
wasn't quite long
D. it wasn't too long much
3. After the funeral, the
residents of the apartment building ________.
A. sent faithfully flowers
all weeks to the cemetery
B. sent to the cemetery each week
flowers faithfully
14
新概念第三册
语法精粹
C. sent
flowers faithfully to the cemetery each week
D. sent eachweek faithfully
to the cemetery flowers
4. Air travel has provided people with
the opportunity to travel ________.
A. a large amount of miles
B. much distance
C. extensively
D. wide rangingly
5.
—
Paul still
hasn't returned
from
the
meeting.
—
Really?
I'm
sure
he
expected
to
be
back
________.
A. before long now
B. long before now
C. now before long
D. now long before
6.
—
Has your father arrived in
Bombay yet
?
—
He probably arrived there
sometime ________ .
A.
a
week
past
B.
thelast
week
C.
this
past
week
D.
theweekbefore
now
7.
—
Whydoesn't
Jessica stay withrelatives
inNewYork
?
—
She________ inBoston.
A. has onlyrelatives
B. only has relatives
C. has relatives only
D. relative has only
8. The
nectarineis a fruit ________ likea peach.
A. as
B. and
C. too
D. somewhat
9.
一
Isawyouat theracetrack last week.
一
Igoquite often,
but I onlybet ________ .
A.
scarcely B. hardly C. barely D. occasionally
10. Let's
stayat home, Ithinkit's ________ for walking.
A. muchtoo hot
B. very much hot
C. too much heat
D. very much heat
第七章
冠
词
ARTICLES
不定冠词
“a”
用来表示可数名词的单数形式,用于辅
音音素前,
an
用于元音音素前。
如:
a person, a day; an hour,
anold man...
I
.定冠词用法如下:
15
新概念第三册
语法精粹
(英语刚启蒙时你就知道冠词了,可你真正掌握了吗?再背一遍又何妨?!
)
1
.用于双方都知道
的名词前:
Please cleanthe
classroom
.
2
.用于单数名词前,表示一类人或物:
The horseis a useful
animal.
(马是有用的动物)
This is a very hardjob for theteacher.<
/p>
(对于老师这是一项很难的工作。
)
3
.用于世界上独一无二的东西前:
the sun, the spring.
4
.用于方位名词前:
People
in the west like coffee very much.
5
.用于乐器名词前:
play
the violin.
6
.用于
计量单位前:
Gasoline is soldby the gallon.
7
.形容词最高级和序数词前:
p>
This is the easiest way to work out the
problem.
He came to see me
for first time.
8
.用于江河湖海山脉名称前:
the
Pacific
,
the
Thames
,
the Rocky Mountains
9
.杂志、报刊名称前:
the
Times
,
the Overseas Digest
10
.用于建筑物、和组织前:
the
White House, theMinistry of Education
11
.用于姓氏复数前,表
“
某某夫妇,某某一家人
”the
Smiths
,
the Greens
12
.用于形容词前,表一类人
/
物:
the rich,
theblind
13
.用于
English
,
Chinese
,<
/p>
French
等名词前,表
“
全体国民
”the
English
,
the Chinese
II
.以下情况不用冠词:
1
.三餐前
breakfast
,
lunch
p>
,
supper
,
... Have you had lunch
?
2
.体育运动项目前
playchess
,
... I
have nointerest intennis.
3
.在由
by
引出的交通工具前
by
air
(乘飞机)
,
by car
4
.在称呼或职位前
He has been elected president of the
committee.
5
.习惯用语前
at school
,
day by
day
,
at
table
(在吃饭)
,
go to
church
(做礼拜)
...
测试精编
I
.单项选择:
1. The cat is ________ beautiful
animal, but its intelligence leaves much tobe
desired.
A. a
B. an
C.
the
D.
/
2.
________ universityofChicago has anexcellent
lawschool.
A. A
B. An
C. The
D.
/
3.
—
Tina looks
especiallyprettytonight.
—
Yes, shealways looks her
best in ________ ofthat color.
A. dress
B. a dress
C.
that dress
D. the dress
4.
—
Didhe
flyacross theEnglishChannel
?
—
No,
hecrossedit by________.
A.
a ship
B. theship
C. ships
D.
ship
5. If you want to
gotothe post office from here, take________.
A. Broadwaybus
B. theBroadwaybus
C. some Broadwaybus
D. a Broadway's bus
6.
一
Howdid you paythe
workers
?
一
As a rule, they
were paid ________.
A. byan
hour
B.
bythehour
C. bya hour
D. byhours
7. ________ moretobe
pitiedthanblamed.
A.
Uneducatedare
B. Uneducatedis
16
新概念第三册
语法精粹
uneducatedare
neducatedis
omy is ________
of stars and planets.
A. a
science
B. science
C.
the science
D. scientific
9.
-
After that, what
happenedtohim
?
—
The chancetoenter ________
cameand he tookit.
A.
tocollege
B. thecollege
C. for college
e
nart
ofthe19thcenturyshows the influence of________ Far
East.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D.
/
第八章
介
词
Prepositions
金牌要点:
“
英语是介词和动词的语言
”
,由此可见,掌握介词的用法何其
重要。
学习介词的最好方法是要弄
清楚介词与介词之间位置上的关系,请参考下图:
above
over
to → on ↑ → from
In
→ through
into
↗
↓
↘
out of
by
under
below
I
.分类:
1
.常用简单介词:
about
,
across
,
against
,
among
,
after
,
at<
/p>
,
behind
,
besides
,
beyond
,<
/p>
by
,
concerning
,
beneath
,
be
tween
,
despite
,
except
,
during
,
down
,
for
,
from
,
past
,
than
,
under
,
until
等。
2
.合成介词:
inside
,
outside
,
onto
,
out of
,
within
等。
3
.短语介词:
according
to
,
ahead
of
,
along
with
,
as
for
,
because
of
,
be means
of
,
due
to
,
in spite
of
,
on behalf
of
,
owing
to
,
with regard
to
等。
II
.介词与
“……
的
”
之关系:
在英语学习中,
一遇到
“……
的
”
,
大家就会立刻想到
’
s
所有格或者
of<
/p>
,
实际上,
在很多情况下,
“……
的
”
必须借助于介词
才能准确表达。
以下请学员重复记忆:
●
美国的冬天
→
the
winter in America
●
停车场的入口
→ the entrance
to the
parking lot
●
穿过森林的小路
→
the
path through the forest
●
鲁迅的著作
→ the wor
ks by Lu Xun
●
水中的月亮
→ the
moon
reflected in water
17
新概念第三册
语法精粹
●
历史的见证
→
the
witness to history
●
对爱的渴望
→ a longing for love
●
对我们不利的证据
→ the
evidence against us
●
阳光下的漫步
→ a
walk
in the sunlight
●
追求名誉的女人
→ a lady
after fame
●
两人之间的争论
→
an
argument between the two persons
重要介词的重要用法:
(
1
)
from
:此介词表
示
“to”
相反的方向。
He came from London.
Hewent to London.
二词常搭配使用
“from ...
to...”
WestudiedEnglish from
morningtoafternoon
He'll
start fromBeijingto Shanghai.
经典用法:
●
由于
→ The girl is
trembling
from fear.
●
免除
→
Tramps
are always free from care.
流浪汉们总是无忧无虑。
●
分开
→
The
couple parted from each other at
the airport.
●
由
……
制成
→ The red wine is made from grapes.
红葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的
由
from
引导的惯用法:
from far
从远处
from now / then
on
从现在
/
那时起
from bad to
worse
每况愈下
from
time to time
(
occasionally
时而)
习语:
She comes to visit me from time to time
(
2
)
out
of
:表示与
“
into
”
相反的语意
He
will be out of town.
I
stepped out of the dark room.
out of+
名词
(= lack, to be without
用完,用光)
He went to
the shop because he was out of paper.
out of date (= old-fashioned
过时的)
The book has
been out of date.
out of
work (= jobless
失业的
)
He needs money because be
is out of work.
out of the
question (= impossible
不可能的
)
Finishing the hard work is
out of the question.
out of
question (= doubtless
毫无疑问的)
That hecan doit well is out of
question.
out of
order
(
= not functioning
失灵的)
Her radio is
out of order, so she can't listen to it.
(
3
)
by:
表示从旁经过或在
……
附近。
经典用法:
18
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