-
.
专业
.
专注
.
新概念第三册语法精粹
第一章
英语从句
Subordination
英语
从句主要有定语从句
，
状语从句和名词性从句
< br>（
主语从句
，
宾语从句
，
表语从句
，
同位
语从句
）
一
．
定语从句
1
．
定语从句
：
由关系代词
who,
whom,
whose,
that,
which;
关系副词
when,
where,
why
引
导
。
（
下面十个句子请读
5
遍并脱口译出
！）
1. The death notices tell
us about people who have died during the week.
2. The man (whom) you spoke
to just now is my friend.
3. The building whose lights are on is
beautiful.
4. Please find a
place which we can have a private talk in.
5. The knee is the joint
where the thighbone meets the large bone of the
lower leg.
6. He still
remembers the day when he went to school.
7. It is no need telling us
the reason why you didn't finish it in time.
8. He has three sons, two
of whom died in the war.
9.
Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us
English.
10. In the Sunday
paper there are comics, which children enjoy.
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
2
．
只能用
that
和
who
引导的定语从句
A
．
all, nothing,
anything, a few, one
做先行词指物时
B
．
先行词
前有形容词最高级修饰时
，
后面常跟
t
hat
而不是
which.
C
．
先行词前有
the only, the first, the last, the
next, the very
等词修饰时
，
< br>引导词只能用
that
。
D
．
当先行
词是
anyone, anybody,
everyone, everybody, someone, somebody
时
，
后面要
用
w
ho
或
whom
；
●
All that glitters is
not gold.
闪光的并非都是金子
。
3
．
as
引导定语从句
as
引导的定语从句有两种形式
：
A
．
引导限制性语从句
。
在此类定语从句中
，
as
常与主语中作为其先行词的
such,
the
same
或
< br>as
联用构成
，“
such..
.
as
”，“
the
same... as
”
和
“
as ...as
”
句型
，
可代替先行词
。
例如
：
We hope to get
such a tool as he is using.
我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具
。
B
．
as
引
导非限制性定语从句时
，
作用与
whi
ch
相同
，
as
作为关系代词代替整个主句
。
（<
/p>
这是语法考试的一个考点
。）
［
注意区别
］：
as
引导的从句用于句首
、
句中或句后
，
而
which
引导的定语从句不能放在句首
。
例如
：
As is
reported, a foreign delegation will visit the
city.
据报道
，
一个外国代表团
将访问这个城市
。
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
二
．
状语从句
超级作文联接词及词组
，
全部拿下
！
①
原因
：
because,
since, now that
（
既然
）
as, for, this reason....
②
结果
：
so that, so,
therefore, consequently, so as to, as a result
....
③
时间
：
after, before,
when, while, as, until, as soon as, since, by the
time, once, lately,
presently, shortly
after, currently, at present, nowadays ...
④
条件
：
if, only if.,
once, unless, in the event (that), in case (that),
provided that, on the
condition that,
etc.
⑤
让步
：
though,
although, even though(if), no matter what / how /
when
→
whatever /
however / whenever ....
⑥
目的
：
in order that,
in order to, to,
⑦
比较
：
than, as ...
as, by comparison
（
相比较
），
by contrast
（
相对照
）
....
三
．
名词性
从句
王牌要点
：
通常由
that
或疑问词导出
。
1. How some mammals came to live in the
sea is not know.
（
主语从句
）
2. The
attorney told his client that they had little
chance of winning the case.
（
宾语从句
）
3. The problem is what we'll do next.
（
表语从句
）
4. We have no idea that he
has come back.
（
同位语从句
< br>）
同位语
< br>（
Appositive
）
:
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
同
位语是英语语法的重点内容
，
也是各类考试中的一个考点
，
同时
，
在写作中正
确运用同位
语可以使你的句型更加简洁得体
。
< br>
《
新概念英语
》
第三册第一课有这样一个句子
：
When reports came into London zoo that
a
wild puma had been spotted forty-five
miles south of London, they were not taken
seriously.
（
当伦敦动
物园接到报告说
，
在伦敦以南
45
英里处发现一只美洲狮时
，
这些报告并没有
受到
重视
。）
在这里
，
a
wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south
of London
就是同位语从句
，
它本来应该放在
“
reports<
/p>
”
后面
，
这里却
被放在了谓语成分
came into London zo
o
的后面
，
目的
是让句型显得更为稳重
。
I
．
简单记忆
：
同位语从句
，
就是对某些名词做进一步的解
释的句子
。
I was greatly shocked when I heard the
news that his father died yesterday.
（
that
引导的句子解释了
news
的内容
，
注
意
：
that
不做任何成分
）
We have
to face the fact that the weather is unexpectedly
bad.
（
that
引导的句子解释了
fact
的内容
）
II
< br>．
联想记忆
：
能接同位词从句的名词有
：
belief
（
信仰
）
，
fact
，
idea
，
doubt
，
rumor<
/p>
（
谣言
），
ev
idence
（
证据
），
conclusion
（
结论
），
suggestion
（
建议<
/p>
），
problem
，
< br>order
，
answer
，<
/p>
discovery
（
发
现
）
explanatio
n
（
解释
），
principle
（
原则
），
possibility
（
可能性
），
truth
，
pro
mise
（
承诺
），
< br>report
（
报告
），
statement
（
声明
< br>），
knowledge
（
知识
），
opinion
（
观点
），
likelihood
（
可能性
）
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
［
大声朗读三遍
，
背下即可
。］
III
．
王牌要点
：
●
同位
语一般由
that
引导
，
但也可以用关系代词
which, who,
what
和关系副词
when, where,
why, how
或
whether
引导
。
There arouse the question whether we
could win the game.
I have
no idea howto explain it.
●
一些介词词组后面也能引导同位语从句
。（
非常经典之功能句式
，
可用于
四六级和托福作
文
，
不妨一试
！）：
on
the assumption
（
在
…
…
前提下
），
on the ground
（
由于<
/p>
……
原因
），
on the condition that
（
在
……
条件下
），
with the exception
（<
/p>
有
……
例外
）<
/p>
owing to the fact
（
由于
……
事实
）；
on the understanding
（
基于
……
理解
）；
The young lady
promised to marry the old man on the condition
that he bought her
a villa.
那位年轻的女士答应嫁给那位老头
，
条
件是他给她买一幢别墅
。
IV
．
分隔
式同位语从句
为了使句型平衡不至
于头重脚轻
，
有时同位语从句可以放到句子的末尾
，（
读两遍此定义
，
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
然后看倒句
：）
An idea came to him that he
might write to her to ask more information about
the matter.
I got
information from my friend that there will be a
marvelous American movie
V
.
同位语从句与定语从句之区别
简单记忆
：
定语从句的引导词
that
或
which
在句子中用作主语或宾语
，
而同位语从句的引
导词
that
只起连接主句和从句之作用
，
不用作任何成分
。
示例
：
I've got an
answer that A is right.
(
同位语从句
，
that
不做成分
)
I've got an answer that surprised me a
lot.
（
定语从句
，
that
做定语从句的主语
）
VI
．<
/p>
王牌重点
：
可以充当同位语的词组或短语
。
1
）
名词短语
。（
使句型更为简洁
）
Bill Clinton, the president
of America, came to China to pay an official visit
in 1998.
Lu Xun, one of the
greatest essayists in China, played an
overwhelmingly important role in
Chinese literature history.
2
）
动名词词组亦可用作同位语
：
别忘了加逗号
。（
使句型更为流畅
）
I'm crazy about the game, playing
baseball.
Going to concert,
that sounds a great idea.
3
）
不定式短语
。（
陌生只是掌握的开始
）
The problem what to do next remains
unsolved.
Her claim to have
finished his work is nothing but a white lie.
4
）
形容词
词组
。（
有逗号隔开
）
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
All the workers, young or old, should
be treated equally.
Young
man, short or tall, should have the right to take
the opportunity.
VII.
同位语的引导词
。（
重要
！
这是中高级写作中不可缺少的引导成分
）
引导词用来表示同位语与它所说明的同位成分之间的关系
：
1
．
namely, that it
is, that is to say
（
也就是说
）
, in other words
（
换句话说
）
, or, for short
表示等同关系
。
2
．
such as, say,
so to speak
（
譬如说
）<
/p>
, including
（
包括
）
, for
instance
（
或
for example
(e.g. / eg
），
表示举例和列举关系
。
3
．
especially,
mostly, chiefly, or better, in particular, particu
larly
表示突出重点
，（
在高难度
阅读中表示后面的部分为更重要或更突出的部分
，
是出题的关键点
。）
测试精编
I.
选择正确选项
：
1. ________ all behavior is learned
behavior is a basic assumption of social
scientists.
A. Nearly
B. That nearly
C. It is nearly
D.
When nearly
2. The people
at the party were worried about Janet because no
one was aware ________
she had gone.
A. where that
B. of where
C.
of the place where
D. the place
3.
—
Susan hasn't
written us for a long time.
—
What do you
suppose________ to her?
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
A. that happened
B. happened
C. to happen
D. having happened
4.
—
May I have the loan? ________ you offer good
security.
A. But
B. Unless
C.
Provided
D. But for
5. Gorillas are quiet
animals, ________ they are able to make about
twenty different sounds.
A.
how
B. in spite of
C.
because of
D. even though
6. The little White House
in warm springs was the Georgia home of President
Franklin-D.
Roosevelt ________ there on
April 12, 1945.
A. who died
B.
died
C. while died
D. he died
7. Essentially, a theory is an
abstract, symbolic representation of ________
reality.
A. what it is
conceived
B.
that is conceived
C. what
is conceived to be
D. that is being conceived
of
8. Seeds usually
germinate ________ the temperature is favorable.
A. if
B. whereas
C.
as a result
D. in
consequences
9. Francis
Preston Blair. Jr, ________ born in Kentucky,
lived and practiced in Missouri.
A. was
B. he was
C. although
D. who he was
10. ________, work songs often exhibit
the song culture of a people in a fundamental
form.
A. They occur where
they are
B. Occurring
where
C. Where they occur
D. Where do they occur
第二章
虚拟语气
THE
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
虚
拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望
，
与事实相反的假设<
/p>
，
通常分为基本的三种形
式
。
1.
与现在事实相反的虚拟
：
If + did / were + ..., ... would
should
could
+ do
（
动词原形
）
might
If I were you, I would go abroad at
once. (I am not you.)
If he
knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it
now.)
2.
与过去事实相反的虚拟
：
If + had done + ..., ... would (might)
have done ...
If I had
known your telephone number yesterday, I would
have phoned you.
(I didn't
know your telephone number.)
If you had come here a littleearlier
just now, you might have met her.
(You didn't come here earlier.)
3.
与将来事实相反的虚拟
：
(1) If + should + v., ... would + v.
（
可能性很小
）（
译作
“
万一
”）
If it should rain
tomorrow, you could stay at home.
If I should fail, what should Ido?
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
(2) If + did / were to + v ..., would +
v.
（
完全不可能
）
If the sun
were to rise in the west, I would lend you the
money.
If you finished it
in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.
4.
金牌特殊重点
：！！
［
简单联想记忆
］：
●
下列动词后的
“
宾语从句
”
中需要用虚拟形式
，
即
should
+
动词原形
，
shoud
在美国英语中要
省略
（
TOEFL
语法考点
）
。
此类常见的动词有
：
order,
ask, decide, demand, require, recommend,
suggest
（
建议
）
insist
（
坚决要求
），
advise, etc.
例句
：
He suggested
that we (should) help them with English.
The teacher ordered that
the homework (should) be finished within half an
hour.
●
下列名词后的同位语从句中要用
“should +
动词原形
”（
should
可省去
）
的虚拟
。
suggestion,
order,
request,
demand,
importance,
proposal.
He
made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy
dress party.
I think it is
a thing of importance that it (should) be done
soon.
● It
is
/ was important / necessary /
natural / essential / advisable / strange /
surprising, ect.
+ that
+
主语
+ should + v.
It is strange that you should say such
a thing.
It was important
that you should tell me all the information.
●
wish
后的宾语从句中
，
as if
后的状语从句中
，
须用下列的虚拟形式
：
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
主
+ wish+ (that)
+
主
+ did / were<
/p>
（
指现在
）
<
/p>
haddone
（
指过去
）
would+ v.
（<
/p>
指将来
）
Iwishthat I met my uncle now.
IwishI had met my uncle
yesterday.
IwishI could
meet my uncle tomorrow.
● It is (high) time that ... +
did
/ were ...
It is time that you went to bed.
● would rather
that ... + did
/ were ...
I would rather that you were not here
now.
● would
sooner that ... + did
/ were ...
I would sooner that you got
up earlier.
I would sooner
that you were not my brother.
测试精编
I.
选择正确选项
：
1. I ________ he had taught me the
word, but he didn't.
A.
believe
B.
hope
C. wish
D. think
2. The man in charge recommends that
this matter ________ at the meeting. A. would be
discussed
B.
will
be
discussed
C.
be
discussed
D.
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
may be discussed
3. It is raining now, otherwise we
________ go out play.
A.
could
B. can
C. may
D. will
4. ________ he come late, give him the
message.
A. Had
B.
Should
C.
Would
D.
Did
5. Hadn't my car broke
down, I ________ the train.
A.
would
have
caught
B.
might
catch
C.
could
catch
D.
would
catch
6. I would
have helped him if I had time, but I ________.
A. haven't
B.
had
C. didn't
D. wouldn't
7. The dam was built in
time to protect the inhabitants from the flood;
________.
A. otherwise the
damage would be beyond measure.
B. the damage, otherwise, should be
very great.
C. the damage
could have been very serious otherwise.
D. the damage caused,
therefore, many of them homeless.
8. It is natural that an employee
________ his work on time.
A. finishes
B. finish
C. can finish
D.
finishs
9. I would go
abroad but that I ________ poor.
A. am
B. was
C.
shall be
D. were
10.
Don't act as if you ________ the only pebble on
the beach.
A. are
B.
were
C. have been
D. would be
第三章
代替与省略
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
SUBSTITUTIONAND OMISSION
英语中
，
为
了避免不必要的重复
，
经常用
so,
not, to, do, does
代替前面出现的动词或相关内
< br>容
。
如
：
He translated
the article better than I did.
(did
代替
wrote it)
—
Doyou think
she isclever?
—
I think so. (so
代替
she is clever)
(1)
从上两例中看出
，
do / does
/ did
代替动词
。
(2)
与
not
代替某个词
、
< br>短语
、
句子等
，
通常用于
hope,
think,
believe,
expect,
suppose, be afraid, fear, imagine,
etc
后作宾语
。
E.g.
—
Is it
correct?
—
I'm
afraid not.
(not correct)
(3)
用作不定式
，
常跟随下列动词
：
want
, mean, hope, expect, refuse, seem, intend, be,
afraid, etc.
E.g. I asked him to go to the party,
but he refused to. (go to the party)
(4)
用来代替动态动词
，
而不能代静态动词
。
Eg.
—
He gave up
studying English.
—
Why did
he do so? (= give up studying English)
—
The dish
tastes nice.
—
Yes, so it does. (tastes nice)
(
此句不能用
it does it
或
it does so,
因
taste
属静态动词
。）
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
(5)
为使语言精炼
，
避免不必要的重复
，
对话中常用省略形式
。
E.g.
—
He is thinking of buying a
car?
—
Is he?
（
这里
，“
thin
king of buying a car
”
被省略了
。
）
—
Will he come
back in time?
—
Perhaps.
（
省略了
he
will come back in time.
)
测试精编
I
．
选择正确答案
：
1.
—
Shall I wake you up
tomorrow?
—
Yes, ________ .
A. please do
B. you shall
C.
you will
D. you may
2. I
think records are often ________ an actual
performance.
A. as good as
or better than
B.
as good or better than
C.
like good or better than
D. as good as any other
3.
—
If he doesn't come to work, he may be fired.
—
Surely he isn't so foolish
________ not
to realize that.
A. so
B. and
C.
but
D. as
4.
—
Don't you think Alan's
health has beenruined by smoking?
—
Yes, he told me ________
himself.
A. the
fact
B. this thing
C. It
D. so
5.
—
Will you go
home tomorrowevening?
—
No,
I'm going to a lecture, or at least, I'm
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
planning ________ .
A. on
B. to
C. so
D.
It
6.
—
I slipped on the stairs, I
think my arm is broken.
—
Oh! I ________ .
A. do not
hope so
B. do not hope
C. hope not so
D.
hope
not
7.
California relies mainly on income from fruit
crops, and ________ .
A.
Florida also
B. Florida too
C. Florida is as well
D.
so does Florida
8.
—
Have you been here long?
—
________ .
A.
No, not very
B. Not much
C. Yes, only
little
D.
No, only yesterday
9.
—
You look happy today,
Mary.
—
I like my new dress
and mother ________, too.
A. does
B. likes
C. is
D.
do
10.
—
So you are lost, little
boy. Why didn't you hang on to your mother's
skirt?
—
________, but I couldn't reach it.
A. I hanged to
B. I did to
C. I didn't hang to
D. I tried to
第四章
倒
装
INVERSION
根据语法要求
，
把谓语动词置于主语前
，
称为完全倒装
，
把助动词或情态动词置于主语前<
/p>
，
称为部分倒装
。
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
1
．
副词如
：
i
n, out, down, there, here, off, over, away, etc. <
/p>
句子倒装
。（
完全倒装
< br>，
但主语
不能是代词
）
Down jumped the murderer from
the tenth floor.
In came
Miss Green.
（
特别注意
：
当主语是人称代词时不倒装
。）
Away she went!
（<
/p>
她走了
！）
Here you are!
（
你在这
儿
！）
2
．
only +
< br>副词
（
介词短语
）
位于句首
，
句子要倒装
。<
/p>
Only then did he realize
that he was mistaken.
Only
by working hard can we succeed in doing anything.
3
．
well, so,
often, such, few, little
放于句首
，
句子形成倒装
。
So fine was the weather that we all
went out lying in the sun.
Well did I know him and well did he
know me.
4
．
否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首时
，
句
子须倒装
。
此类词有
：
neither
，
nor<
/p>
，
hardly
，
scarcely
，
rarely
，
seldom
，
not
，
never
，
not
only
，
ba
rely
，
at
no
time
，
nowhere
等
。
e.g.
—
Jack could not swim.
—
Neither could
Tom.
Never have I seen such
a good movie.
5
．
as
引导让步状语从句
，
须倒装
。（
准确地说
，
是将需要强调的词提到
as
的前面
。
）
Rich as
he is, he spends a cent on charity.
Try as he does, he never seems able to
do the work beautifully.
6<
/p>
．
在表示祝愿的句子中
。
May you make greater progress!
（
愿你取得更大进步
！）
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
7
．
在虚拟条件句中
，
< br>连词
if
省略时
，
句型要倒装
，
即将
were
, had,
should
等词提到句首
。
Were I you, I would go abroad to take
advanced study.
我要是你
，
就出国进修了
。
Should he come tomorrow, he
would help us to settle the problem.
<
/p>
他要是明天来的话
，
他会帮我们解决这个
问题的
。
8
．
百分特例重点
：
Much as we may pride ourselves on our
good taste, we are no longer free to choose
the things we want.
（
NCE Book III Lesson
26
）
尽管我们为自己的绝好鉴赏力
感到自豪
，
但我们已经无法自由地选择我们所需要的东西
了
。
测试精编
I
．
选择正确选项
：
< br>
1.
Not
until
the
mid-nineteenth-century
discovery
of
vast
deposits
of
borate's
in
the
Majave Desert ________ relatively
common.
A. borax became
B. did borax become
C. and borax become
D. borax's becoming
2. ________ received law
degrees as today.
A. Never
so many women have
B. Never
have so many women
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
C. The women aren't ever
D. Women who have never
3. ________ the Bob's belongings that
he carried them in a bundle slung over his
shoulders.
A. Were so few
B. Few were so
C. So few were
D. They were so
few
4. Only after a baby
seal is pushed into the sea by its mother ________
to swim.
A. how will it
learn
B. will it
learn how
C. it will learn
how
D. and it
learns how
5. Not only
________ a promise, but he also kept it.
A. did he made
B.
he made
C. did he make
D. he makes
6.
Nowhere in the world ________ .
A. travelers can buy so much beauty for
so little as in Hawaii.
B.
no one can buy so much beauty for so little money
as Hawaii.
C. so much
beauty can be bought for so little money in
Hawaii.
D. can travelers
buy so much beauty for so little money as in
Hawaii.
7. No sooner
________ gone home than it began to rain heavily.
A. had I
B. have I
C.
I had
D. I have
8. Not for a moment ________ the truth
of your story.
A. he has
doubted
B.
he doubts
C. did he doubt
D. he did doubt
9. ________ succeed in doing anything.
A. Only by working hard we can B. By only working
hard we can C. Only by working hard can
we D. Only we can work hard
10. Never before in similar
circumstances ________ .
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
A. a British Prime Minister had refused
to step down.
B. did a
British Prime Minister have refused to step down.
C. a British Prime Minister
did have refused to step down.
D. had a British Prime Minister refused
to step down.
11. People might avoid
many accidents ________ these methods been adopted
before.
A. that
B. were
C. have
D. had
12. ________arose the problem that the
boy will never overcome the great difficulties.
A. It
B.
This
C.
Here
D.
Those
第五章
形容词
ADJECTIVES
定义
：
形容词是用来修饰名词的词
，
描述名词的性质
、
外观
、
特点等
。
功能
：
形容
词可以做定语
、
表语或补助语
。
分类
：
主要分为两
类
：
描绘性形容词和限定性形容词
。<
/p>
●
描绘性
形容词主要用来描绘大
、
小
、
新旧
、
颜色
、
质量等
。
●
限定性形容词主要用来限定所修饰词的数量
、
距离及范围所属等
。
1
．
当形容词修饰单数可数名词时
< br>，
必须与冠词连用
：
a lovely girl,
the
naughty boy
2
．
形容词可与系动词连用
，
做表语
，
说明主语的性状
。
常用
系动词有
：
be
，
become
，
seem
，
appear
，
feel
，
look
，
taste
，
smell
，
sou
nd
，
remain
，
go
，
turn
，
keep
，
stay, etc.
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
The dish tastes delicious.
The music sounds sweet.
The milk went bad.
小心陷阱
feel
，
smell
，
taste
，
look
，
keep
有时可以用作实义动词
，
并可以用副词修饰
。
He looked me up and down carefully.
I tasted the soup slowly to
see whether it was salty.
3
．
形容词用作后置定语
。（
简单理解
：
一般的形容词修饰名词时放在名词前面
，
但有些形容词
修饰名词时放在名词的
后面
）
a river navig
able
（
一条可通航的河
）
sight
visible
可见的景象
person responsible
（
负责人
）
注意
：
< br>responsible person
（
有责任心的人
）
the
best way possible
（
尽可能好的办法
）
the
number necessary
（
必要的数量
）
the
people present
（
在场的人
）
4
．
只能作表语的形容词
1
．
某些表示健康状况的形容词
。
< br>
well
（
身体好的
），
ill
（
病的
），
faint
（
虚弱的
），
poorly
（
身体不好的
）
示例
：
His mother has
been ill for a long time.
特
别注意
：
sick
是个特例
。
它既可做表语
，
又可做
定语
。
He is sick
for a couple of days.
（
他病两三天了
）
He is a sick pe
rson.
（
他是个病人
。）
2
．
某些以
a-
开头的形容词
。
< br>
如
：
afraid
（
害怕的
），
alone
（
独自的
），
alive
（
活着的
），
asleep
（
睡着的
），
awake
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
（
醒
着的<
/p>
），
aware
（
意识到的
）
The old man is alone in the house.
（
老人一个人在家
。）
The teacher is alive with enthusiasm.
（
这位老师热情洋溢
。）
< br>
He is asleep in his mother's arms.<
/p>
（
他在母亲的怀抱中睡着了
。）
I have been aware of the diffic
ulty.
（
我已经意识到了困难
。）
5
．
当一系列形容词修饰名词时
，
须注意排列顺
序
：
代明形容词
+
数量形容词
+
性状
形容词
+
名词
。（
下图看起来费劲
，
看透了绝对实用
）
代明形容词
1
用于冠
2
冠词
数量形容词
3
序数
4
5
6
大小
性状形容词
7
8
颜色
9
国籍
10
材料
名词
11
名词
词前的
指示代
形容词
词
物主代
词
不定代
词
All
Both
the
A(n)
this
Such
that
your
基数
性质
状态
长短
新旧
形状
温度
动名
词
first
one
good
bad
big
old
blue
English
wood
box
second
two
small
new
yellow
Indian
stone
...
...
...
round
...
cold
...
...
Iron
cage
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
Some
Eg.
a broken small old gray
stone bridge.
such a good
yellow pen.
测试精编
I
．
选择正
确选项
：
1. The
Chinese food served in American restaurant is not
bad but I prefer ________.
A. Chinese food authentically
B. Chinese authentic food
C. food Chinese
authentically
D. authentic
Chinese food
2.
________ lessons were not difficult.
A. Our first few short English
B. Our few first short English
C. Our few first English
short
D. Few our first English short
3.
—
Do you think that the
Labor bill will be passed?
—
Oh, yes, it's ________ that it will.
A. almost surely
B. very likely
C. near positive
D. quite certainly
4.
—
Have you traveled much?
—
No, I have done ________ traveling.
A. few
B.
little
C. small
D. less
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
5.
—
I was very
busy.
—
Did you really work
hard ________?
A. all day
B. all the day
C. all the day long
D. all of day long
6.
—
Do you need anything from the store?
—
________ and some cheddar
cheese.
A. Only a French
bread loaf
B. A French bread loaf only
C. Only a loaf of French
bread
D. A loaf of French
bread only
7.
According to the information, the newly-
constructed highway is said to be ________.
A. lengthy twenty miles
B. length about twenty miles
C. about twenty miles long
D. in twenty
miles of length
8. Mr. Smith has done ________ business
here.
A. a lot of
B.
a number of
C. much
D. lots
9.
—
Are you helping to
organize the political convention?
—
I'm in charge of welcoming
the
________.
A.
out-of-town visitors
B.
visitors from outside of town
C. visitors out-of-town
D. outside town visitors
10.
—
Does Jane have brown hair?
—
Yes, In fact, it's quitesimilar in shape ________
yours.
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
A. as
B.
with
C.
like
D. to
第六章
副
词
ADVERBS
定义
：
副词用来修饰动词
（
系动
词除外
），
形容词
，
< br>其它副词或整个句子
。
功能<
/p>
：
表示时间
、
方
式
、
程度
、
范
围等
。
分类
：
●
时间及频度副词
：
before
，
frequently
，
always
，
usual
ly
等
●
地点副词
：
here
，
northward
，<
/p>
anywhere
，
above
，
below
等
●
方式副词
：
rapidly
，
quickly
，
clearly
，
< br>hard
，
well
等
●
程度副词
：
quite
，
m
uch
，
nearly
，
just
，
enough
，
perfectly
，
only
等
● <
/p>
疑问副词
：
how
，
why
，
when
，
where
等
例
：
He walked out
of the room slowly.
She
looks very beautiful.
We
study English very carefully.
Even a child can do it better.
Perhaps she will telephone
you tomorrow.
金
牌要点
：
几个重要副词的使用
：
1. enough
：
修饰形容词或副词
，
须置于被修饰词后
；
而修饰名词时放在修饰词的前面
。
He is old enough to go to school.
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
I
have enough money to buy this type of bicycle.
2. too
：
位于形容词或副词前
。
She is too eager to see me.
3. very
< br>：
置于所修饰的形容词
、
副词前
。
He is very
handsome and many girls like to speak with him.
4. much
< br>：
修饰动词
，
形容词及副词比较
级
。
The subject
has beentalked too much.
Her dress is much more beautiful than
mine.
5. still:
“
依旧
，
仍然
”
用于肯定句
、
否定句中
。
He still remembers
the days they spent together.
I still can not catch his words.
6. yet:
位于疑问句末尾时意思是
“
已经
”；
用于否定句时意思是
“
还
”。
Have you emptied
the dustbin yet?
I haven't
done that yet.
7. only:
根据句意灵活运用
。（
请翻译下面三个句子
！
）
Only he can tell you how to do
it.
He can only tell you
how to do it.
He can tell
you how to do it only today.
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
8. hardly, scarcely, seldom, never
本身为否定意义副词
，
注意使用
< br>。
Hardly had we left the
station when it began to rain.
你知道吗
？
几个易混淆的副词
：
1. easy: stand easy (= comfortably)
easily: It can't be solved
easily.
2.
clear: The bullet went clear through the window
(= directly)
clearly: Clearly, he doesn't know
anything about it.
(=
obviously)
3.
high: He can jump very high.
（
高地
）
highly: We
think highly of the good teacher.
（
高度地
）
4. just: We have just know the news.
（
刚刚
）
justly: He was justly punished.
< br>（
公正地
）
5. hard: You
must think hard.
（
努力地
< br>）
hardly: He hardly knows
about it.
（
几乎不
）
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
6. pretty: He is not pretty sure about
it.
（
非常
）
prettily: The girl is prettily dresse
d.
（
漂亮地
）
7. near: He lives near
the school.
（
附近
）
nearly: I nearly missed the b
us.
（
几乎
）
8. late: Don't come late
next time.
（
迟到
）
lately: I haven't read novels
lately.
（
最近
）
9. formally: You
should be dressed formally at the meeting.
< br>（
正式地
）
formerly: Formerly, he was the manager
of the company.
（
以前
）
10. free
（
免费地
）
freely
（
自由地
）
11. most
（
最
）
mostly
（
大部分
）
12. sharp
（
准时地
）
sharply
（
< br>严厉地
）
测试精编
I
．
选择正确选项
：
< br>
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
1. Automobile production of the present
time has been increased ________.
A. greatly
B.
highly
C. on a large
scale
D.
infinitely
2.
—
Was the class long enough?
—
No, ________ enough.
A. it wasn't much too long
B. it wasn't too much long
C. it wasn't quite long
D. it wasn't
too long much
3. After the funeral, the residents of
the apartment building ________.
A. sent faithfully flowers all weeks to
the cemetery
B. sent to the
cemetery each week flowers faithfully
C. sent flowers faithfully to the
cemetery each week
D. sent
eachweek faithfully to the cemetery flowers
4. Air travel
has provided people with the opportunity to travel
________.
A. a large amount
of miles
B. much distance
C. extensively
D. wide rangingly
5.
—
Paul still hasn't returned from the meeting.
—
Really? I'm sure he
expected to be back
________.
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
A. before long now
B. long before now
C. now before long
D. now long before
6.
—
Has your father arrived in
Bombay yet
？
—
He probably arrived there
sometime ________ .
A. a
week past
B.
thelast week
C.
this past week
D.
theweekbefore
now
7.
—
Whydoesn't Jessica stay withrelatives
inNewYork
？
—
She________ inBoston.
A. has onlyrelatives
B. only has relatives
C. has relatives only
D. relative has only
8. The
nectarineis a fruit ________ likea peach.
A. as
B. and
C. too
D. somewhat
9.
一
Isawyouat theracetrack last week.
一
Igoquite often,
but I onlybet ________ .
A.
scarcely B. hardly C. barely D. occasionally
10. Let's
stayat home, Ithinkit's ________ for walking.
A. muchtoo hot
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
B. very much hot
C. too much heat
D. very much heat
第七章
冠
词
ARTICLES
不定冠词
“a”
用来表示可数名词的单数形式
，
用于辅音音素前
，
a
n
用于元音音素前
。
如
：
a person, a
day; an hour, anold man...
I
．
定冠词用法如下
< br>：
（
英语刚启蒙时你就知道冠词了
，
可你真正掌握了吗
？
再背一遍又何妨
？！）
1
．
用于双
方都知道的名词前
：
Please cleanthe
classroom
．
2
．
用于单数名词前
，<
/p>
表示一类人或物
：
The horseis a useful animal.
（
马是有用的动物
）
This is a very hardjob for
theteacher.
（
对于老师这是一项很难的工作
。）
3
．
用于世界上独一无二的东西前
：
the sun, the spring.
4
．
用于方位名词前
：
< br>People in the west like coffee very much.
5
．
用于乐
器名词前
：
play the violin.
6
．
用于计
量单位前
：
Gasoline is soldby the
gallon.
7
．
形容词最高级和序数词前
：
This is the
easiest way to work out the problem.
He came to see me for first time.
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
8
．
用于江河湖海山脉名称前
：
the Pacific
，
the
Thames
，
the Rocky Mountains
9
．
杂志<
/p>
、
报刊名称前
：
the Times
，
the Overseas
Digest
10
．
用于建筑物
、
和组织前
：<
/p>
the White House, theMinistry of
Education
11
．
用于姓氏复数前
，
表
“
某某夫妇
，
某某一家人
”the Smiths，
the Greens
12
．
用于形容词前
< br>，
表一类人
/
物
：
the rich,
theblind
13
．
用于
English
，
Chinese
，
French
等名词前
< br>，
表
“
全体国民
”the
English
，
the Chinese
II
．<
/p>
以下情况不用冠词
：
1
．
三餐前
breakfast
，
lunch
，
supper
，
... Have you had lunch
？
2
．
体育运动项目前
playchess
，
... I
have nointerest intennis.
3
．
在由
by
引出的交通工具前
by air<
/p>
（
乘飞机
），
b
y car
4
．
< br>在称呼或职位前
He has been
elected president of the committee.
5
．
习惯用语前
at school
，
day by
day
，
at table
（
在吃饭
），
go to church
（
做礼拜
）
...
测试精编
I
．
单项选
择
：
1. The cat is
________ beautiful animal, but its intelligence
leaves much tobe desired.
A. a
B.
an
C. the
D.
/
2. ________
universityofChicago has anexcellent lawschool.
A. A
B. An
C. The
D.
/
3.
—
Tina looks
especiallyprettytonight.
—
Yes, shealways looks her
best in ________ ofthat color.
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
A. dress
B. a dress
C.
that dress
D. the dress
4.
—
Didhe
flyacross theEnglishChannel
？
—
No,
hecrossedit by________.
A.
a ship
B. theship
C. ships
D.
ship
5. If you want to
gotothe post office from here, take________.
A. Broadwaybus
B. theBroadwaybus
C. some Broadwaybus
D. a Broadway's bus
6.
一
Howdid you paythe
workers
？
一
As a rule, they
were paid ________.
A. byan
hour
B.
bythehour
C. bya hour
D. byhours
7. ________ moretobe
pitiedthanblamed.
A.
Uneducatedare
B. Uneducatedis
uneducatedare
neducatedis
omy is ________ of stars and planets.
A. a science
B.
science
C. the science
D. scientific
9.
－
After that,
what happenedtohim
？
—
The
chancetoenter ________ cameand he tookit.
A. tocollege
B.
thecollege
C.
for college
e
nart ofthe19thcenturyshows the
influence of________ Far East.
A. a
B. an
C.
the
D.
/
第八章
介
词
Prepositions
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
金牌要点
：
“
英语是介词和动词的语言
”，
由此可
见
，
掌握介词的用法何其重要
。
学习介词的最好方法是要弄清楚介词与介
词之间位置上的关系
，
请参考下图
：<
/p>
above
over
to
→ on ↑ → from
In
→
through
into ↗
↓
↘ out of
by
under
below
I
．
分类
：
1
．
常用简
单介词
：
about
，
across
，
again
st
，
among
，
< br>after
，
at
，
behind
，
besides
< br>，
beyond
，
by
，
concerning
，
beneath
，
between
，
despite
，
except
，
during
，
down
，
for
，
< br>from
，
past
，
than
，
under
，
until
等
。
2
．
合成介词
：<
/p>
inside
，
outside
，
onto
，
out of
，
within
等
。
3
．
短语介词
：
according
to
，
ahead
of
，
along
with
，
as
for
，
because
of
，
be means
of
，
due
to
，
in
spite
of
，
on behalf
of
，
owing
to
，
with regard
to
等
。
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
II
．
介词与
“……
的
”
之关系
：
在英语学习中
，
一遇到
“……
的
”，
大家就会立刻想到
’
s
所有格或者
of
，
实际上
，
在很多情况
下
，“……
的
”
必须
借助于介词才能准确表达
。
以下请学员重复记忆
：
●
美国的冬天
→ the
winter in America
●
停车场的入口
→ the
entrance
to the parking lot
●
穿过森林的小路
→ the
path through the
forest
●
鲁迅的著作
→ the
wor
ks by Lu Xun
●
水中的月亮
→ the moon
reflected in
water
●
历史的见证
→
the
witness to history
●
对爱的渴望
→ a longing for love
●
对我们不利的证据
→ the
evidence against us
●
阳光下的漫步
→ a
walk
in the sunlight
●
追求名誉的女人
→ a lady
after fame
●
两人之间的争论
→
an
argument between the two persons
重要介词的重要用法
：
（
1
）
from
：
此介词表示
“to”
相
反的方向
。
He came from London.
Hewent to London.
二词常搭配使用
“from ...
to...”
WestudiedEnglish from
morningtoafternoon
.
word
可编辑
.
.
专业
.
专注
.
He'll start fromBeijingto Shanghai.
经典用法
：
●
由于
→
The girl is trembling
from fear.
●
免除
→ Tramps
are always free
from care.
流浪汉们总是无忧无虑
。
●
分开
→
The
couple parted from each other at
the airport.
●
由
……
制成
→ The red wine is made from grapes.
红葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的
由
from
引导的惯用法
：
from far
从远处
from now /
then on
从现在
/
那时起
from bad to
worse
每况愈下
from
time to time
（
occasionally
时而
）
习语
：
She comes to visit me from
time to time
（
2
）
out
of
：
表示与
“
into
”
相反的语意
He will be out of town.
I stepped out of the dark room.
out of+
名词
(= lack, to be
without
用完
，
用光
）
He went to the shop
because he was out of paper.
out of date (= old-fashioned
过时的
）
The book has been out of date.
out of work (= jobless
失业的
)
.
word
可编辑
.