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倒装句
倒装句定义：
·英语的一般语序是主语在前，谓语在后。如果把谓语的全部或者一部分放在主语之前，
这种语序称
为倒装结构。
倒装句的实质是一种特殊的强调结构。
倒装按照不同情况又可分为
“全倒装结构”
和
“半
倒装结构”
。
I
全倒装结构：
·
基本概念：
当表示地点、
< br>方位、
时间的介词短语、
副词或副词短语位于句首时，<
/p>
句子要进行全倒装，
此时将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
1.
由介词短语构成的地点状语位于句首时。
Under the tree
lay
an old man.
2.
由地点、
方位副词
(out, in,
away, down, up, here, there, off
等
)
及表示时间的状
(now,
then)
位于句首时。
Out
rushed
the students when the
bell rang.
There
stood
an old temple.
Now
comes
your
turn.
South of the river
lies
a small factory.
3.
为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语，把作表语的形容词位
于句首时。
Gone
are
the days when we were
innocent.
4.
若句子的主语是人称代词
(I, you, he, she,
it, they, we)
则不用倒装形式。
The door opened and in he
came
.
5.
< br>在完全倒装句中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。
(
主谓一致
)
In front of the house
stand
two tall trees.
Exercise:
将下列句子用全倒装结构改写。
(1) The
bus comes here.
(2) An ancient tower stands on the top
of the mountain.
(3) A small
factory lies south of the river.
(4) The chairman came then.
(5) He went away.
(6) The
days when women were looked down upon are gone.
(7) Mr. Green and many other guests
were present at the party.
(8) What he
does are such.
II
半倒装结构：
< br>·基本概念：部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词、情态动词或
be
动词置于主语之前。
1.
含有否定意义的副词，如
few, little,
never, nor, not until, nowhere, hardly, rarely,
seldom,
etc.
及否定意
义的介词短语
at
no time, by no means, in no case, in no way, on no
condition, etc.
等放在句首时，使用半
倒装结
构。
（
in no
time
“立刻、马上”除外）
I
have never seen such a performance.
·
Never
have
I
seen
such a performance.
The animal hardly
makes
an
y movement.
·
Hardly
does
the animal
make
any movement.
2
. “
o
nly+
副词
/
介词短语
/
状语从句
”
置于句首时。
You can
learn English well only in this way.
·
Only in this way
can
you
learn
English well.
You can succeed only if you do this.
·
Only if you do this
can
you
succeed
.
*
如果
only
后面紧跟主语，则主句不倒装。
·
Only he
knows the truth.
3.
五个句型
(1)
no sooner…than…;
hardly…when…;
sc
arcely…when…
(
一
…
就
…)
No
sooner, hardly,
scarcely
所在句子使用过去完成时态
(had
done)
，其对应的
than,
when
句子使用一般
过去时态。
She had no sooner gone out than the
class began.
·
No sooner
had
she
gone
out than the class
began.
I had hardly entered home when
the bell rang.
·
Hardly
had
I
entered
home when the bell
rang.
(2)
用于
not
until…
句型中。
not
until...
置于句首时
,
句型
中前面的从句不倒装，
后面的主句用部分倒装。
All the fish didn’t die in the river
until the villagers realize how serious the
pollution was.
·
Not until the villagers
realize how serious the pollution was
did
all the fish
die
in the river.
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