-
1.
贷方
Credi
t
：
A credit item (+) is a
flow for which the country is paid.
e.g.
…
is what we give up in the
transaction
…
it creates a
monetary claims on a foreigner
…
someone in this country is entitled to
receive payment from a foreigner.
2.
借方
D
ebit
：
A debit item (-) is a
flow for which the country must pay.
e.g.
…
is what we receive in the transaction
…
it creates a
monetary claims owed to a foreigner.
…
someone in this
country is obligated to make a payment to a
foreigner.
3.
国际收支
Balance of
payments
：
The systematic set
of accounts that records all economic
transactions between residents of a
country and the rest of the world during a given
period of time.
4.
官方国际储备资产
Official
international reserve assets
Are money-
like assets that are held by governments and that
are recognized by governments as fully
acceptable for payments between them.
(
课件
The changes in
domestic official reserve assets and in
domestic official liquid liabilities to
foreign officials. It is derived by dividing
private transactions from
official
“accommodative” t
ransactions
in the balance of payments accounts.)
5.
官方结算差额
Official
settlements balance
Also
called
the
“official
balance,”
this
is
the
sum
of
the
current
account
balance
plus
the
private
financial
account
balance.
An
imbalance
in
the
official
balance
must
be
paid
for
through
official
reserves
transactions.
6.
资本外逃
Capital
flight:
The secret sending
of wealth to foreign countries, away from the
supervision of
one
’
s home
government.
7.
国际投资头寸
International investment position
The
international
investment
position
is
a
statement
of
the
stocks
of
a
country's
foreign
assets
and
foreign liabilities at a point in time.
These stocks
are changed each year by the flows of private and
official assets measured in the balance
of payments. As a result of large current account
deficits since
the early 1980s, the
United States switched from being the world's
largest net creditor to being its largest
net debtor.
8.
经常项目
/
账户
Current
account
Records
the
values
of goods
and services sold and purchased abroad,
plus net interest and other
factor
payments
and
net
unilateral
transfers
and
gifts.
A
current
account
surplus
shows
that
a
country
has positive net foreign investment.
9.
国际汇兑
/
外汇
Foreign
exchange
：
Foreign
exchange
is
the
act
of
trading
different
countries’
moneys.
汇兑
Foreign
exchange also refers to holdings of foreign
currencies.
外汇
10.
汇率
Exchange rate
The price of
one country’s currency expressed
in
terms of another coun
try’s
currency.
(Note that, in this
text, the exchange rate is expressed in
terms of domestic currency units required to
purchase one unit of
a foreign
currency.)
11.
即期汇率
Spot
exchange
rate
：
The
rate
applicable
to
foreign
exchange
transactions
requiring contemporaneous delivery and
payment.
12.
远期汇率
Forward
exchange
rate
:
The
exchange
rate
applicable
to
foreign
exchange
transactions agreed upon today for
later delivery (usually in 30, 90, or 180
days).
13.
三角套汇
Triangular
arbitrage
The
process
that
ensures
consistency
among
the
sets
of
bilateral
“cross
rates”
of
the
world’s
traded
currencies. For example, if the British
pound trades for US$$2, and 100 Japanese yen trade
for US$$1, the
exchange
rate
between
the
yen
and
the
pound
must
be
200
yen
per
pound.
Otherwise,
there
is
an
opportunity
for an arbitrageur to buy a currency cheaply in
one market and sell it for a higher price in
another market.