Unit-4-Career-Planning新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译

Unit 4 Career Planning

Career Planning

Career planning does not necessarily follow routine or logical steps. Each of us places

weight

on

different

factors

and

may

consider

certain

phases

of

career

planning

at

different

times.

Career

planning

includes

gathering

information

about

ourselves

and

about

occupations,

estimating

the

probable

outcomes

of

various

courses

of

action,

and

finally, choosing alternatives that we find attractive and feasible.

Many observers have pointed out that students are not very efficient career planners.

They

cite

evidence

that

(1)

most

students

choose

from

among

a

very

narrow

group

of

occupations; (2) as many as 40 to 60 percent choose professional occupations, when in

reality only 15 to 18 percent of the work force is engaged in professional work; (3) young

men show a striking lack of interest in clerical, sales, and service occupations, although

these fields offer many job opportunities; and (4) as many as a third of the students are

unable to express any choice of occupation.

In their book Decision Making, Irving Janis and Leon Mann identify serious flaws in

the

ways

many

people

make

decisions.

These

flaws

seem

to

be

associated

with

the

patterns

people

use

to

cope

with

problems.

The

first

flaw

is

complacency.

People

who

ignore

challenging

information about

the

choices

they make

demonstrate

complacency.

People

who

take

the

attitude

that

won't

affect

me

or

will

never

happen

use

complacency as a dominant pattern of behaving. Of course, complacency is appropriate

for

any

decision

in

which

nothing

much

is

at

stake,

but

that

does

not

describe

career

decisions.

A second flaw in the way people cope with decisions is defensive avoidance. When

confronted

with

a

decision

and

unable

to

believe

they

can

find

an

acceptable

solution,

some people remain calm by resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming. Students who

fail to think about the implications of their career choices often engage in rationalization

(deceiving

oneself

with

self-satisfying

but

incorrect

explanations

for

one's

behavior)

or

procrastination (putting off or delaying). Facing the situation may produce anxiety, but

examining alternatives could also bring relief.

A third flaw is hyper vigilance. This occurs in career decision making when people

believe there is not enough time to find a solution and they panic. They search frantically

for

career

possibilities

and

seize

on

hastily

invented

solutions,

overlooking

the

consequences

of

their

choice

as

well

as

other

alternatives.

People

who

are

in

a

panic

sometimes do not think clearly or logically.

精选

The best coping behavior is vigilance. Vigilant decision making occurs when people

believe

that

(1)

a

choice

should

be

made,

(2)

they

can

find

a

solution,

and

(3)

there

is

enough

time.

Under

these

conditions,

students

can

conduct

an

effective

search

for

alternative careers, carefully evaluate each alternative, and work out contingency plans in

case one or another risk appears.

Following are the keys to career planning.

1) Study yourself. This is the key to career planning. Understanding what you are like,

what you value, and what you want to become is the foundation for all career planning. In

studying yourself, you examine your strengths and weaknesses, your goals, and the trends

in

your

personal

development.

The

self-understanding

that

you

gain

enables

you

to

imagine

how

certain

occupations

may

best

fit

your

personality,

interests,

abilities,

and

goals. All career decisions require us to learn both about ourselves and about work, and to

integrate these two kinds of knowledge.

2) Write your career goals down. A technique useful for organizing ideas about your

career

development

is

actually

to

write

them

down

by

time

blocks

in

your

life.

Writing

something

down

forces

you

to

crystallize

your

thinking

and

to

recognize

unclear

and

half- formed ideas. It may lead to new insights into your possibilities and may help you to

see

new

relationships,

patterns,

and

trends,

or

to

identify

gaps

in

your

thinking

about

your career development.

3) Review your plans and progress periodically with another person. Every so often,

take

stock

of

your

situation

and

consider

what

steps

have

to

be

taken

next.

Taking

inventory of progress and planning further steps can help you cope with the changes that

you undergo and the changes that take place in the labor market. Talking over your plans

with a college counselor, your parents, and your friends helps you define your goals and

improve your career plans or make them work.

4)

If

you

choose

a

career

that

does

not

fit

you,

you

can

start

over.

Today,

growing

numbers of men and women are changing careers or getting second starts in careers that

have

greater

appeal

to

them.

Many

of

those

who

find

that

their

line

of

work

is

unsatisfactory retrain themselves for a different occupation. Often their new occupation

is

one

that

they

overlooked

when

they

were

young

or

that

they

did

not

have

an

opportunity to pursue at that time for financial or other reasons.

Sociologists

say

that

there

are

few

changes

in

careers

that

involve

movement;

most

involve

the

traditional

business

of

ahead

Society

no

longer

attaches the stigma of

精选

Job changes and career shifts occur at all ages. It has been estimated that as many as

one

out

of

four

male

workers

between

the

ages

of

twenty

and

twenty-five

change

their

lines

of

work.

About

half

that

number

do

so

between

the

ages

of

twenty- five

and

forty-four.

Career

planning

does

not

guarantee

that

all

the

problems,

difficulties,

or

decision-making situations that face you in the future will be solved or made any easier.

No formula can be given to do that. But career planning should help you to approach and

cope better with new problems, such as deciding whether or not to enter educational or

training programs, deciding whether or not to change jobs, and analyzing the difficulties

you are having with a situation or a person.

Nobody can foresee what the future holds for any of us. There are social, emotional,

and moral considerations in our future that cannot be foreseen. But the most important

lesson

of

this

often

unhappy

modern

world

is

that

progress

comes

from

planning.

Ignorance about one's career is not bliss; reason is better than chance and fate. Although

there is no sure way to make career plans work out, there are things that you can do now

to shape your career possibilities.

Career Planning

1

进行择业规划不一定要遵照常规 的或合乎逻辑的步骤。

我们每个人对不同的因素有不同

侧重，< /p>

也许在不同的时候会考虑择业规划的不同方面。

进行择业规划，< /p>

要收集有关我们自身

以及职业的信息资料，

估计采取各种举动可能出现的结果，

最后作出我们认为有吸引力并且

< br>可行的选择。

许多观察家指出学生在择业规划方面不是很在行。他们列出了以下事实：

1

）大部分学

生选择职业的范围很窄；

2

）

多达

40

％至

60

％的学生选择专业性的职业，

而实际上只有

15

％

< br>至

18

％的从业人员在做专业性的工作；

3

）男青年对文书、销售以及服务性行业兴趣索然，

尽 管这些领域会提供许多就业机会；

4

）多达三分之一的学生说不 出选择什么职业好。

3

欧文

?

贾 尼斯和利昂

?

曼在他们的

《决策》

一书中指出，

许多人的决策方式存在严重缺陷，

而这些问题似乎与人们处理问题的模式有关。有些人对于要费心考虑的择业信息置之不理，

< br>这就是自满的表现。有些人采取

“

这不会影响我