中英-高级英语1 何兆熊 Unit 1 Chinese Humanism精编版

2021年2月14日发(作者：happen的过去式)

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Unit 1

Chinese Humanism

1.

To

understand

the

Chinese

ideal

of

life

one

must

try

to

understand

Chinese

humanism.

The

term

'humanism'

is

ambiguous.

Chinese

humanism,

however,

has

a

very

definite

meaning. It implies, first a just conception of the ends of human

life; secondly, a complete devotion to these ends; and the thirdly,

the

attainment

of

these

ends

by

the

spirit

of

human

reasonableness or the Doctrine of the Golden Mean, Which may

also be called the Religion of common sense.

要了解中国人的人生 理想，

就必须先了解中国的人文主义。

“人文主义”

< p>
这个词含义模糊含混，然而中国的人文主义却有它明确的界说。它的意思是：

第一，对人生目的的确切认识；第二，为实现这一目的而行动；第三，实现的

方式是心 平气和，即中庸之道，也可称作“庸见的崇拜”。

question of the meaning of life has perplexed Western

philosophers, and it has never been solved- naturally, when one

starts

out

from

the

technological

point

of

view,

according

to

which

all

things,

including

mosquitoes

and

typhoid

germs,

are

created

for

the

good

of

this

cocksure

humanity.

As

there

is

usually too much pain and misery in this life to allow a perfect

answer to satisfy man's pride, teleology is therefore carried over

to

the

next

life,

and

this

earthly

life

is

then

looked

upon

as

a

preparation for the life hereafter, in conformity with the logic of

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Socrates,

which

looked

upon

a

ferocious

wife

as

a

natural

provision for the training of the husband's character. This way of

dodging

the

homes

of

the

dilemma

sometimes

gives

peace

of

mind for a moment, but

then the eternal question, “what is the

meaning of life?”

comes back. Others, like Nietzsche, take the

bull

by

the

horns

and

refuse

to

assume

that

life

must

have

a

meaning

and

believe

that

progress

is

in

a

circle,

and

human

achievements are a savage dance, instead of a trip to the market,

but

still

the

question

comes

back

eternally,

like

the

sea

waves

lapping upon the sho

re: “

what is the meaning of the life?

”

人生的 意义是什么，

这个问题一直使西方哲学家备受困惑。

他们从目的 论出发，

认为包括蚊子乃至伤寒菌在内的万事万物，

都是为这个 自负的人类的利益而存在

的。如此这般，人生的意义就从来没有揭示出来过。今生今世自 有百般磨难，因

而自傲的人类始终无法事事如意。

于是目的论又 转向来生来世，

把今生的世俗生

活看作为来世所进行的准备。< /p>

这与苏格拉底的逻辑恰好符合，

即认为一个凶悍的

妻子对她丈夫的性格锤炼来说，

是一种天然的恩赐。

以 此躲避人生的难题固然可

以使人暂时心平气和，但问题仍旧没有答案：

< br>“人生的意义何在？”另外有一些

人，像尼采那样知难而上，否认人生“必须”有 什么意义，认为人类的进步不过

是一种循环，

一种野蛮人的舞蹈 ，

而不是去市场采购，

所以没有什么特殊的含义。

然而问题还是没能解决，它就像海浪一样不断冲击着堤岸：

“人生的意义究竟 何

在？”

3.

The

Chinese

humanists

believe

they

have

found

the

true

end of life and are

conscious of it. For the

Chinese the end of

life lies not in life after death, for the idea that we live in order

to

die,

as

taught

by

Christianity,

is

incomprehensible;

nor

in

Nirvana,

for

that

is

too

vainglorious;

nor

yet

in

progress

for

progress

’

s

sake,

for

that

is

meaningless.

The

true

end,

the

Chinese

have

decided

in

a

singularly

clear

manner,

lies

in

the

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enjoyment

of

a

simple

life

especially

the

family

life,

and

in

harmonious social relationships.

The first poem that a

children

learns in school runs:

While soft clouds by warm breezes are wafted in the moon,

Lured by flowers, past the river I roam on and on.

They

’

ll say

“

look at the old man in the spree!

”

And know not that my sprit

’

s on happiness borne.

中国的人文主义者认为自己找到了人生的真谛，< /p>

并时时意识到这一点。

在中国

人看来，< /p>

人生在世并非为了死后的来生，

对于基督教所谓此生为来世的观点 ，

他

们大惑不解，他们进而认为：佛教所谓升入涅槃境界，过于 玄虚；为了获得成功

的欢乐而奋斗，纯属虚荣；为了进步而去进步，则是毫无意义。

中国人明确认为：

人生的真谛在于享受淳 朴的生活，

尤其是家庭生活的欢乐和

社会诸关系的和睦，儿童入 学伊始，第一首诗便是：云淡风轻近午天，傍花随柳

过前川。时人不识余心乐，将谓偷闲 学少年。

4. That represents to Chinese, not just a pleasant poetic mood

but the summer bonum of life. The Chinese ideal of life is drunk

through with this sentiment. It is an ideal of life that is neither

particularly

ambitious

nor

metaphysical,

but

nevertheless

immensely

real.

It

is,

I

must

say,

a

brilliantly

simple

idea,

so

brilliantly simple that only the mater- of-fact Chinese mind could

have

conceived

it,

and

yet

one

often

wonders

how

the

West

could have failed to see that the meaning of lies in the sane and

healthy enjoyment of it. The difference between China and West

seems

to

be

that

the

westerners

have

a

greater

capacity

for

getting

and

making

more

things

and

a

lesser

ability

to

enjoy

them,

while

the

Chinese

have

a

greater

determination

and

3