-
信号词和分层是紧密联系的。
首先,信号词往
往是连接句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的一座桥梁。通过注意信号词,
可以有助于考
生进行前后文的判断。而信号词可以分为以下几大类:
第一大类是逻辑性信号词。如最常见的原因、对比、转折、并
列等。
对于原因,考生可以尤为注意
because
(of)
,
so, the reason, why,
since, as, for
等类型的词或词组,
考生在听到
这些信号词的时候一定要注意听后面的解释,
通过现象或定
义看
到问题的本质和根源,这才是考核的关键所在。
对于对比,考生除了注意比较级和最高级之外,还要多注意<
/p>
compare
to
,
different
from
??,
unlike
??,
(not)
as
??
as
等这些间接表达对比的词或词组,有助于在不
同食物中找到相同的联系点或者在相同相
似的事物中找到不同点。
对于转折,
however, nevertheless,
yet, still, though, anyhow, even so, in any
case, anyway, after all, in spite of
that, by the way
等则是考生应该注意的信号词。
即作者最终想要强调的点,
是考官喜欢出考题的地方。
考官
总喜欢一开始先出现一长段迷惑
性的段落,
分散考生的注意力,
或者是先陈述一部分事实或者抛出一个问题,
然后来一个转
p>
折性的连词,提出真正的观点。因此这些转折词前后是考生必须要注意的地方。
对于并列,
first,
second,
third,
for
a
start,
for
one
thing,
for
another,
to
begin
with, next
则
是很好的信号词,提示了两句句子之间的平等并列关系。
第二
大类是解释说明类信号词。
常见的有同义重述和举例。
同义重述
,
常见的信号词有
that
is,
namely,
or
rather,
to
be
more
exact,
to
put
it
another
way
,
in
other
words
,
by
< br>definition
等。而在托福听力中,我们经常会听到类似的说法如“
p>
this
is
what
we
call
+
专有名词”,或者“
this is +
现象”。一般而言,这类专有名词属于某个特定的领域,
如医学、
心理学,
考生相对不太熟悉,
因此这些信号词前面或后面的
内容能让能够增加考生
对整体文章的把握和理解。而举例,常见的就是
< br>for
example,
just
as,
for
instance,
通
过举一些常见或者比较容易理解的例子,
去解释某样事物或某个现象,
使得其更加生动形象,
通俗易
懂。
第
三大类也是考的相对较多的,就是数字、时间和人名地名这类信息题。不过要注意,
不能
光听数字和时间,
更多的是要注意数字或时间背后所对应的内容和发生的事件。
人名和
地名也是一样,要注意该人物的特点或经历,该地点发生的事件。
综上所
述,
这些信号词会直接或间接暗示文章的主旨或者作者的观点意图,
因此考生可
以开始逐渐培养起对这些信号词的敏感度,
更加
迅速准确地抓住把握文章的内涵,
在听力中
努力拿高分。
托福听力十大考点信号词
通常来说,
对于一个着手准备托福考
生的学生要想把文章听得滴水不漏、
字
字俱清,通常需要
1000
个小时的精听练习量,如果我们按照学生可以每天听
3
小时计算,需要听多久呢
?
< br>答案是
1
年。即便是每天听
5<
/p>
小时,那也要
200
天,
何况真要是每天听个
5
小时,
别的事情基本都不用做了,
估计最后用不了几天广
大考生就口吐
白沫、含笑九泉了。
那么广大考生看到这里不禁会问:啊
?!
那听不够
1000
小时岂不是还没去考
试就意味
着我们注定没戏了
?
其实不然
!
大家应当知道,托福考试是个标准化考
试,
文
章的编纂者绝对不能由着自己的性子、
随着自己的心情来编写或者换一班
人马就换一种行文套路,
上述情况不能出现。
考试所听
到的文章往往都是按照一
定标准或者规律来研发编写。
既然是这
样,
也就有了先河教育托福名师为大家提
炼的托福听力十大考点
信号词。
一、开头处的常见信号词考点
★
Con
versation
:
I was wondering/I
was thinking/I was hoping/I wanted to/the
reason I'm
her
e
等
[
小强精讲
]
需要大家注意的是,
上述的几个信号词中,
考生若听到前面的四个请不要进
行时态对译,此处实际上表示的是一种委婉语气,近似于
“
寡
人以为
”
或
“
小女子
窃以为
”
,听到后请直接理解为
我现在想要如何即可。请看实例
(TPO
19
C1)
:
[
听力原文
]
Student
:
Yeah, I
can see how that might do the trick. But, anyway,
what I
wanted to
ask was,
when you started talking about game theory. Well,
I know a
little bi
t about
it, but I am not clear about its use in
biology.
[
考题再现
]
1. Why does the
man go to see the professor?
A. To ask for
help in choosing a topic for his term
paper
B. To ask the professor to explain how
to complete an assignment
C. To ask about a point
raised in a recent lecture
D. To offer to help the
professor with her research project
[
先河教
育托福名师
]
原文中出现了
what I
wanted to ask was,
考生应当知晓主旨即将给出,
< br>认真
听后面的内容就可以拿分,重点内容是
but I
am not
clear about its use in
biology.
我们可以看到,
抓住了信号词和后<
/p>
面的重点内容,
即便之前的部分内容听得不好,
< br>也不会影响将此题做对。
此题答
案为
C
。
★
lecture
< br>请注意下面的三种情况:
①文章中教授的设问句
;
②标准的
lecture
主旨句型:
today I am going to talk
about
或者
today I am
going to discuss;
③开头处的第一个
but
.
请看实例
(TPO 2
L2)
:
[
听力原文
]
Today we'll
continue talking about
useful fibers,
and we'll begin with a
fiber that's
commonly known as
hemp.
[
考题再现
]
aspect of
Manila hemp fibers does the professor mainly
discuss in
th
e
lecture?
A. Similarities between cotton fibers
and Manila hemp fibers
B. Various types of Manila
hemp fibers
C. The economic importance of Manila
hemp fibers
D. A use of Manila hemp
fibers
< br>[
先河教育托福名师
]
考生听到
Today we'll continue
talking about
就应该意识到出题点到来,需
要用
笔或者大脑记住其后重要的信息
useful
fibers
,
与选项进行核心词比对即可
确认
D<
/p>
为正确选项。
二、人名等专有名词
[
先河教育托福名师
]
先河教育托福名师在此提醒考生两点需要注意:
其一,
并
非每次听力考试中听到重要人名或者地名后,
屏幕上都会出现相应
的
“
黑板提示词
”
< br>,所以平时备考的准备过程中,各位考生必须注意重要人名的读
音积累,
尤其是那些影响巨大、
故去已远的知名人物,
比
如苹果神话的缔造者乔
布斯,他名气够大,影响深远,可惜离我们还不够久远,所以托福
是不可能将其
列入备考对象的。
其二,考生仅仅听出了人名或者记下了人名,是不够应对托福
听力考题的,
因为托福听力考题从来不会在题干描述一个事实,
然后列出四个选项问你是谁做
的。这种弱智的题目问法,只有在弱智的托福模考试题里才
能找得到
!
假若我们听到人名或者看到人名提示词了,
< br>该怎样听呢,
这里先河教育托福
名师给大家一句口诀:人
名
——
要听其生平背景,记其何德何能
!
所谓生平背景,
是说文章这个人很牛
;
何德何能,是说这个人为啥就这么牛
!
、
请看实例
(TPO19
L4)
:
[
听力原文
]
A great example
of that, that vision in portraiture, is Cecilia
Beaux.
Cecilia Be
aux was
born in 1854, and after learning to paint and
studying with
several
i
mportant artists of the time, Beaux
became known as one of the best
portrai
t painters in the
United States. She was very successful. She even
had
portra
its of the wife
and children of Theodore Roosevelt, while he was
president. S
o hedid not get
much more prestigious than
that.……Yeah,
she really
stood o
ut back in the 1800s.
And today, she is still considered one of the
greatest p
ortrait painters
of her time, male or female. In fact, she was the
first full-tim
e female
instructor at the PennsylvaniaAcademy of the Fine
Arts,
and she wa
s a full
member of the National Academy of Design. These
are pretty
importa
nt
institutions, so, yeah, she definitely made
headway for women
artists.
[
考题再现
]
2. What
evidence does the professor cite to illustrate
Cecilia Beaux's
reputati
on
as an artist? Click on 2 answers.
A. The
instructors that she studied art with
B. Her role in
professional art organizations
C. Her
connection with an important politician's
family
D. The features of her work that the
Impressionists imitated
[
先河教育托福名师
]
相信各位考生在反思上述文段时可以看到,
除了划横线部分的句子外,
其余
的句子都是在介绍人物的生平背景,
告诉你她是
牛人,
但是只有横线部分的句子
告诉了你,她是如何达到大牛的
地步的。所以,此题答案为
BC
。
三、表示转折关系的词
[
先河教育托福名师
]
考生在听力、
口语、
阅读和写作的课上肯定学到过无数表示
转折的词,
多到
无以计数,
多到让大家
高瞻仰望,
不过小强在这里只给大家提炼四个重要的转折
词,它
们是
ETS
出题所钟爱的,它们分别是:
but,
however, actually, in
fact.
请看实例
(TPO16
L3)
:
[
听力原文
]
Now I would
have thought the bigger the tree, the farther the
beaver would
be willing to travel for
it. That would make sense, right? If you're going
to
tr
avel far, make the
trip worth it buy bringing back most wood
possible. But
a
ctually, the
opposite is true. Beavers will cut down only large
trees that are
c
lose to the
will travel far only to cut down certain small
trees
tha
t they can cut
down quickly and drag back home
quickly.
[
考题再现
]
4.
What does the professor say about the cutting down
of large trees?
A. Beavers generally prefer cutting
down large trees to small trees.
B. Beavers
generally do not travel long distances to cut down
large
trees.
C. Beavers will not cut
large trees of certain species.
D. Beavers use
large trees mainly for the purpose of building
shelters.
[
先河教育托福名师
]
横线前面的句子是教授的一种虚拟
假设,
然后利用横线部分的句子来自我推
翻,
< br>文章明确告诉了我们这种动物只喜欢在离水近的地方啃大树,
去远处只喜欢
啃小树。所以此题答案为
B
。
四、表示因果关系的词
同样地,
各位在各种书上和培训课程
中见到过浩如烟海的表示因果关系的词
或者词组,但是小强老师这里依然为大家提炼这么
几个
ETS
钟爱有加的考点词,
它们是
:
because/because
of /the
reason is/ that's why/account
for/so.
请看实
例
(TPO2
L2)
:
[
听力原文
]
Now, why was
that? Well, the main reason was that steel cables
degrade
ver
y, very quickly
in contact with salt you've ever been to San
Francisc
o, you know that the
Golden GateBridge is red. And it's red because of
the zi
nc paint that goes on
those stainless steel cables.
[
考题再现
]
does the
professor mention the Golden Gate
Bridge?
A. To demonstrate a disadvantage of
steel cables
B. To give an example of the creative
use of color
C. To show that steel cables are able
to resist salt water
D. To give an example of a
use of Manila hemp
[
先河教育托福名师
]
文段中划线的句子是自问自答表因果,
句意大体意为:
st
eel
cables
一和盐
水接触
便迅速腐蚀。
题目问的是因果后面的内容,
此部分内容是验证划
线部分内
容的。据此,我们可以选出
A
为正确答案。
五、表示举例的词
[
先河教
育托福名师
]
先河教育托福名师认为举例的词在考试中遇到最多的就是
for
example, for instance, take, like,
say
这几个了。考生要讲例子的核心词记
下来,
并且要努力听出这个例子是为谁服务的,
为什么要举这个例子,
那么题目
无论怎么考我们都不用害怕。请看实例
(TPO2
C1)
:
[
听力原文
]
Student
:
Hmm . . .
something just came into my mind and went out the
other
side.
Professor
:
That
happens to me a lot, so I've come up with a pretty
good
memory mana
gement
tool. I carry a little pad with me all the time
and jot down
questions
or
ideas that I don't want to forget. For example, I
went to the
doctor with
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