-
高考阅读理解专题:
推理判断题的解题技巧
推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题,做这类题目时,
考生要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事
实以及作者的措词、态度和语气,找出能够表露作
者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句,然后利用自己已获得的
相关知识进行推理判断,从而得出
符合逻辑的结论。
近年的高考题中常出现以下五种推理判断题
:
一
.
推断隐含意义或深层意义
1.
这类题干中通常含有
learn(
),
infer(
),
suggest(
),
imply(
),
conclude
(
)
, indicate(
)
等标志性词语
,
常见的提问方式有:
1)
.
We can know
from the passage that
________
.
2). We
can infer from the (first/last) passage that
________
.
3)
.
The
passage/author implies/suggests that
______
.
4)
.
It can be
concluded from the passage that
________
.
5)
.
The underlined
sentence indicates that ________
2.
解题技巧
①针对细节推断
:
在原文中找到相关的信息源
---
对具体内容分析
--
推理判断得出结论
实例
1
:
Did you ever hear a strange sound
coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock?
If
so, it may have been made by a
beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant
that someone
was about to die. Thus the
beetle is called “the deathwatch
beetle.
1. It can be inferred from
the text that the sound of this beetle ________.
A. pleased people.
B. surprised people.
C.
frightened people.
D. excited
people.
②针对主题思想
:
以主题为核心
-----
分析逻辑关系
-----
得出结论
实例
2
:
In
the California study, children with TVs in their
rooms but no computer at home scored
the lowest while those with no bedroom
TV but who had home computers scored the highest.
While
this
study
does
not
prove
that
bedroom
TV
sets
caused
the
lower
scores,
it
adds
to
accumulating findings that children
shouldn’t have TVs in their bedrooms.
1. What can we learn from the last two
paragraphs?
A. More time should be
spent on computers.
B. Children should
be forbidden to watch TV
.
C.
TV sets shouldn't be allowed in children's
bedrooms.
D. Further studies on high-
achieving students should be done.
二、推断作者观点或态度
1.
题干中通常含有
attitude, view
,opinion,, in the author
’
s o
pinion/mind
等标志性词语。
提问方
式
:
1)
.
The author
seems to be in favor of/against
______
.
2)
.
The author may
probably agree with/support
________
.
3)
.
What's the
author's opinion about...?
4)
.
In the
author's opinion...?
1
2.
解题技巧
注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子,推断出作者的弦外之音。
如
overestimate
(
高估
), luckily, unexpectedly,
pity, certain
等。
表
达作者态度和观点的形容词常有:
objective
(
)
p>
,
subjective
(
)
p>
,
neutral
(
)
;
positive
(
)
negative
(
)
approval
(
p>
)
,
disapproval
(
)
p>
,
ironic
(
)
ind
ifferent
(
)
,
cri
tical
(
)
,
cau
tious
(
)
optimistic
(
)
,
p>
pessimistic
(
)等。
3.
实例
3
:
Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any
good news
?
All I read about
is murder, bribery(
行贿
)
,
and death.
Frankly
,
I’
m sick
of all the bad news.
1
. This author’s attitude
towards the newspaper reporting is to
_____.
A. complain
B. apologize
C.
amuse
D. inform
三
.
推断文段作用或作者写作意图
1.
提问方式
:
1)
.
The author's
main purpose in writing the passage is to
________
.
2)
.
The passage is
meant to ________
.
3)
.
The author's
purpose is to show ________
.
4)
.
The purpose of
the article is to ________
.
2.
解题技巧
< br>①不同的文段在全文中可能会起到:引言
/
介绍(
introduction
)
,举例
(example)
,对比
(comparis
on)
,反衬(
contrast
)<
/p>
,
结论(
conclusion
)
,
评论(
comm
ent
)
,
背景(
background
)
,
论证(
demonstration
)等作用。
②作者的写作目的通常有娱乐读者、说服读者接受某种观点和告知读者某些信息三种
。
解答此类题时主要有两种方法:
1
.主旨推断法:写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达某个中心主题
,因此可根据主旨推断作者的
写作目的。
2
.文体推断法:根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的。如记叙文,特别是
个人的有
趣经历或幽默故事类的文章,其目的是娱乐读者;夹叙夹议的文章,其目的是让
读者得到某
种启示或教育;广告和议论文的目的是说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某
种观点;科普
说明文或新闻报告,其目的是告知读者某些信息。
3.
实例
4
:
“Have
you
ever
been
out
on
a
boat
and
felt
it
lifted
up
by
a
wave?
Or
have
you
jumped in the water and
felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?”
asked Jamie Taylor of the
Wave Energy
Group at the University of Edinburgh.
“There is certainly a lot of energy in
waves,”
he said.
1.
The writer uses the two questions at the beginning
of the passage to ______.
A. test the readers’
knowledge about waves
B. draw the
readers’ attention to the topic
C.
s
how Jamie Taylor’s
importance
D. invite the
readers to answer them
2