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2004
年
全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
Section I
Use of English
Directions
：
Read the following text. Choose the
best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,
B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10
points)
Many
theories concerning the causes of
juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by
young
people) focus either
on the individual or on society as the major
contributing influence. Theories
1
on
the
individual
suggest
that
children
engage
in
criminal
behavior
2
they
were
not
sufficiently penalized for previous
misdeeds or that they have learned criminal
behavior through
3
with others. Theories
focusing on the role of society suggest that
children commit crimes in
4
to
their
failure
to
rise
above
their
socioeconomic
status,
5
as
a
rejection
of
middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency
have focused on children from disadvantaged
families,
_
6
the
fact
that
children
from
wealthy
homes
also
commit
crimes.
The
latter
may
commit
crimes
7
lack
of
adequate
parental
control.
All
theories,
however,
are
tentative
and
are
8
to
criticism.
Changes in the
social structure may indirectly
9
juvenile crime
rates. For example,
changes
in
the
economy
that
10
to
fewer
job
opportunities
for
youth
and
rising
unemployment
11
make gainful employment increasingly
difficult to obtain. The resulting
discontent may in
12
lead more youths into
criminal behavior.
Families
have
also
13
changes
these
years.
More
families
consist
of
one-parent
households or two working parents;
14
，
children are likely to have
less
supervision at home
15
was
common
in
the
traditional
family
16
.
This
lack
of
parental
supervision
is
thought to be an influence on juvenile
crime rates. Other __17_
causes of offensive acts include
frustration or failure in school, the
increased __ 18 _ of drugs and alcohol, and the
growing
19
of child abuse
and child neglect. All these conditions tend to
increase the probability of a child
committing a criminal act,
20
a direct causal
relationship has not yet been established.
1. [A] acting
[B] relying
[C] centering
[D] commenting
2. [A] before
[B] unless
[C]
until
[D] because
3.
[A] interaction
[B] assimilation
[C]
cooperation
[D]
consultation
4. [A] return
[B]
reply
[C]
reference
[D] response
5.
[A] or
[B] but rather
[C] but
[D] or else
6. [A]
considering
[B] ignoring
[C] highlighting
[D] discarding
7. [A] on
[B] in
[C] for
[D] with
8. [A]
immune
[B] resistant
[C] sensitive
[D]
subject
9. [A] affect
[B]
reduce
[C] chock
[D] reflect
10. [A] point
[B] lead
[C] come
[D] amount
11.
[A] in general
[B] on average
[C] by contrast
[D] at length
12. [A] case
[B] short
[C] turn
[D] essence
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13. [A]
survived
[B]
noticed
[C] undertaken
[D] experienced
14.[A] contrarily
[B]
consequently
[C] similarly
[D]
simultaneously
15. [A] than
[B] that
[C] which
[D] as
16. [A]
system
[B] structure
[C] concept
[D] heritage
17.
[A] assessable
[B] identifiable
[C]
negligible
[D] incredible
18. [A]
expense
[B] restriction
[C] allocation
[D]
availability
19. [A] incidence
[B] awareness
[C] exposure
[D] popularity
20. [A]
provided
[B]
since
[C]
although
[D] supposing
Section II
Reading
Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read
the following four texts. Answer the questions
below each text by choosing [A], [B],
[C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER
SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Hunting for a job late last
year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across
CareerBuilder, a job
database on the
Internet. He searched it with no success but was
attracted by the site’s “personal
search agent”. It’s an interactive
feature that lets
visitors key in job
criteria such as location, title,
and
salary, then E-mails them when a matching position
is posted in the database. Redmon chose
the keywords
legal,
intellectual property
and
Washington, D.C.
Three weeks
later, he got his first
notific
ation
of
an
opening.
“I
struck
gold,”
says
Redmon,
who
E
-mailed
his
resume
to
the
employer and won a position as in-house
counsel for a company.
With
thousands
of
career-related
sites
on
the
Internet,
finding
promising
openings
can
he
time-consuming and inefficient. Search
agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the
databases.
But although a search agent
worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks.
Narrowing your
criteria, for example,
may work against you: “Every time you answer a
question you e
liminate a
possibility,” says one
expert.
For
any
job
search,
you
should
start
with
a
narrow
concept
—
what
you
think
you
want
to
do
—then broaden it. “None of
these programs do that,” says another expert.
“There’s no career
counseling
implicit
in
all
of
thi
s.”
Instead,
the
best
strategy
is
to
use
the
agent
as a
kind
of
tip
service
to
keep
abreast
of
jobs
in
a
particular
database;
when
you
get
E-mail,
consider
it
a
reminder to
check the database again. “I would not rely on
agents for finding everything that i
s
added to a database that might interest
me,” says the author of a job
-searching
guide.
Some sites design
their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When
CareerSite’s agent sends
out
messages
to
those
who
have
signed
up
for
its
service,
for
example,
it
includes
only
three
potential
jobs
—
those it considers the
best matches. There may be more matches in the
database;
job hunters will have to
visit the site again to find them
—and
they do. “On the day after we send
our
messages, we see a sharp increase in
o
ur traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice
president of marketing
for CareerSite.
Even those who
aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents
worthwhile. Some use them to
keep a
close watch on the demand for their line of work
or gather information on compensation to
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arm themselves when negotiating for a
raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains
his
agent
at
CareerBuilder.
“You
always
keep
your
eyes
open,”
he
says.
Working
with
a
personal
search agent means having another set
of eyes looking out for you.
21. How did Redmon find his
job?
[A] By searching openings in a job
database.
[B] By posting a matching
position in a database.
[C] By using a
special service of a database.
[D] By
E-mailing his resume to a database.
22.
Which of the following can be a disadvantage of
search agents?
[A] Lack of counseling.
[B] Limited number of visits.
[C] Lower efficiency.
[D] Fewer successful
matches.
23. The expression “tip
service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably
means
.
[A] advisory.
[B] compensation.
[C]
interaction.
[D]
reminder.
24. Why does CareerSite’s
agent offer each job hunter only three job
options?
[A] To focus on
better job matches.
[B] To attract more
returning visits.
[C] To reserve space
for more messages.
[D] To increase the
rate of success.
25. Which of the
following is true according to the text?
[A] Personal search agents
are indispensable to job-hunters.
[B]
Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace
their demands.
[C] Personal search
agents are also helpful to those already employed.
[D] Some agents stop
sending information to people once they are
employed.
Text
2
Over
the
past
century,
all
kinds
of
unfairness
and
discrimination
have
been
condemned
or
made
illegal.
But
one
insidious
form
continues
to
thrive:
alphabetism.
This,
for
those
as
yet
unaware of
such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination
against those whose surnames begin with
a letter in the lower half of the
alphabet.
It has long been
known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big
advantage over Zodiac
cars when
customers thumb through their phone directories.
Less well known is the advantage that
Adam Abbott has in life over
Zo?
Zysman. English names are fairly
evenly spread between the
halves of the
alphabet. Yet a suspiciously
large
number of top people have surnames beginning
with letters between A and K.
Thus
the
American
president
and
vice-president
have
surnames
starting
with
B
and
C
respectively; and 26 of
George Bush’s predecessors (includ
ing
his father) had surnames in the first
half of the alphabet against just 16 in
the second half. Even more striking, six of the
seven heads
of
government
of
the
G7
rich
countries
are
alphabetically
advantaged
(Berlusconi,
Blair,
Bush,
Chirac, Chré
tien
an
d Koizumi). The world’s three top
central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and
Hayami)
are
all
close
to
the
top
of
the
alphabet,
even
if
one
of
them
really
uses
Japanese
characters. As are
the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett,
Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).
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Can
this
merely
be
coincidence?
One
theory,
dreamt
up
in
all
the
spare
time
enjoyed
by
the
alphabetically
disadvantaged,
is
that
the
rot
sets
in
early.
At
the
start
of
the
first
year
in
infant
school,
teachers
seat
pupils
alphabetically
from
the
front,
to
make
it
easier
to
remember
their
names.
So
short-
sighted
Zysman
junior
gets
stuck
in
the
back
row,
and
is
rarely
asked
the
improving
questions
posed
by
those
insensitive
teachers.
At
the
time
the
alphabetically
disadvantaged may think they have had a
lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse
qualifications,
because they get less
individual attention, as well as less confidence
in speaking publicly.
The
humiliation continues. At university graduation
ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their
awards first; by the time they reach
the Zysmans most people are literally having a
ZZZ. Shortlists
for job interviews,
election ballot papers, lists of conference
speakers and attendees: all tend to be
drawn up alphabetically, and their
recipients lose interest as they plough through
them.
26. What does the
author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and
Zodiac cars?
[A] A kind of
overlooked inequality.
[B]
A type of conspicuous bias.
[C] A type
of personal prejudice.
[D] A kind of
brand discrimination.
27. What can we
infer from the first three paragraphs?
[A] In both East and West, names are
essential to success.
[B]
The alphabet is to blame for the failure of
Zo?
Zysman.
[C] Customers
often pay a lot of attention to companies’
names.
[D] Some form of
discrimination is too subtle to recognize.
28. The 4th paragraph
suggests that
.
[A] questions are often put to the more
intelligent students
[B] alphabetically
disadvantaged students often escape from class
[C] teachers should pay attention to
all of their students
[D] students
should be seated according to their eyesight
29. What does the author mean by “most
people are literally having a
ZZZ”
(Lines 2-3, Paragraph
5)?
[A] They are
getting impatient.
[B] They are noisily
dozing off.
[C] They are feeling
humiliated.
[D] They are busy with word
puzzles.
30.
Which of the following is true
according to the text?
[A]
People with surnames beginning with N to Z are
often ill-treated.
[B] VIPs
in the Western world gain a great deal from
alphabetism.
[C] The
campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long
way to go.
[D] Putting
things alphabetically may lead to unintentional
bias.
Text 3
When it comes to the slowing economy,
Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just
yet.
But the
47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting,
filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like
to, either. Most
of her clients spend
$$12 to $$50 weekly, but last month two longtime
customers suddenly stopped
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showing up.
Spero blames the softening economy. “I'm a good
economic indicator,” she says.
“I
provide a service that
people can do without when they're concerned about
saving some dollars.”
So Spero is
downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's
department store near her suburban
Cleveland home, instead of Neiman
Marcus. “I don't know if oth
er clients
are going to abandon
me, too,” she
says.
Even
before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's
red-hot economy is cooling, lots of
working folks had already seen signs of
the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to
Gap
outlets, sales have been lagging
for months as shoppers temper their spending. For
retailers, who
last year took in 24
percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and
Christmas, the cautious
approach is
coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say,
holiday sales are off 7 percent from last
year's
pace.
But
don't
sound
any
alarms
just
yet.
Consumers
seem
only
mildly
concerned,
not
panicked, and many say they remain
optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects
even as
they do some modest belt-
tightening.
Consumers
say
they're
not
in
despair
because,
despite
the
dreadful
headlines,
their
own
fortunes
still
feel
pretty
good.
Home
prices
are
holding
steady
in
most
regions.
In
Manhattan,
“there's a new
gold rush happening in the $$4 million to $$10
million range, predomina
ntly fed by
Wall Street bonuses,” says broker
Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are
still rising even
as frenzied
overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers,
now maybe you only get two or
three,
says John Tealdi, a Bay Area
real-estate broker. And most folks still feel
pretty comfortable about
their ability
to find and keep a job.
Many folks see silver linings to this
slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for
lower
interest rates. Employers
wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job
market. Many consumers
seem to have
been influenced by stock-market swings, which
investors now view as a necessary
ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners
might see an upside, too. Getting a table at
Manhattan's hot
new
Alain
Ducasse
restaurant
used
to
be
impossible.
Not
anymore.
For
that,
Greenspan
&
Co.
may still be worth
toasting.
31.
By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet”
(Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author
means_____.
[A] Spero can
hardly maintain her business.
[B] Spero
is too much engaged in her work.
[C]
Spero has grown out of her bad habit.
[D] Spero is not in a desperate
situation.
32. How do the public feel
about the current economic situation?
[A] Optimistic.
[B] Confused.
[C] Carefree.
[D] Panicked.
33. When
mentioning “the $$4 million to $$10 million
range”(Lines 3, Paragraph 3), the author is
talking about _______
[A]
gold market.
[B] real estate.
[C] stock
exchange.
[D]
venture investment.
34. Why can many
people see “silver linings” to the economic
slowdown?
[A] They would
benefit in certain ways.
[B] The stock market shows signs of
recovery.
[C] Such a
slowdown usually precedes a boom.
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[D] The purchasing power would be
enhanced.
35. To which of the following
is the author likely to agree?
[A] A new boom, on the horizon.
[B] Tighten the belt, the single
remedy.
[C] Caution all right, panic
not.
[D] The more ventures, the more
chances.
Text 4
Americans
today
don't
place
a
very
high
value
on
intellect.
Our
heroes
are
athletes,
entertainers, and
entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are
where we send our children to
get
a
practical
education
—
not
to
pursue
knowledge
for
the
sake
of
knowledge.
Symptoms
of
pervasive anti-
intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to
find.
“Schools have always
been in a society where practical is more
important than intellectual,”
says
education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be
a counterbalance.” Ravitch's latest book.
Left
Back:
A
Century
of
Failed
School
Reforms,
traces
the
roots
of
anti-intellectualism
in
our
schools,
concluding
they
are
anything
but
a
counterbalance
to
the
American
distaste
for
intellectual pursuits.
But
they
could
and
should
be. Encouraging
kids
to
reject
the
life
of
the
mind
leaves
them
vulnerable to exploitation and control.
Without the ability to think critically, to defend
their ideas
and
understand
the
ideas
of
others,
they
cannot
fully
participate
in
our
democracy.
Continuing
along this path,
says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a
second
-rate country. We will have a
less civil society.”
“Intellect is resented as a form of
power or privilege,” writes historian and
professor Richard
Hofstadter in
Anti-intellectualism in American
Life,
a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on
the roots of
anti-intellectualism in US
politics, religion, and education. From the
beginning of our history, says
Hofstadter,
our
democratic
and
populist
urges
have
driven
us
to
reject
anything
that
smells
of
elitism.
Practicality,
common
sense,
and
native
intelligence
have
been
considered
more
noble
qualities than
anything you could learn from a book.
Ralph
Waldo
Emerson
and
other
Transcendentalist
philosophers
thought
schooling
and
rigorous book learning put unnatural
restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools
and college
recitation rooms for 10 or
15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of
words and do not know
a
thing.”Mark
Twain's
Huckleberry
Finn
exemplified
American
anti-intellectualism.
Its
hero
avoids
being
civilized
—
going
to
school
and
learning
to
read
—
so
he
can
preserve
his
innate
goodness.
Intellect,
according
to
Hofstadter,
is
different
from
native
intelligence,
a
quality
we
reluctantly
admire.
Intellect
is
the
critical,
creative,
and
contemplative
side
of
the
mind.
Intelligence
seeks
to
grasp,
manipulate,
re-order,
and
adjust,
while
intellect
examines,
ponders,
wonders, theorizes,
criticizes, and imagines.
School
remains
a
place
where
intellect
is
mistrusted.
Hofstadter
says
our
country's
educational system
is in the grips of people who “joyfully and
militantly proclaim their hostility to
intellect
and their
eagerness to identify with children who show the
least intellectual promise.”
36. What do American
parents expect their children to acquire in
school?
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[A] The habit of thinking
independently.
[B] Profound
knowledge of the world.
[C]
Practical abilities for future career.
[D] The confidence in intellectual
pursuits.
37. We can learn from the
text that Americans have a history of________.
[A] undervaluing intellect.
[B] favoring intellectualism.
[C] supporting school
reform.
[D] suppressing
native intelligence.
38. The views of
Raviteh and Emerson on schooling are ______.
[A] identical.
[B] similar.
[C] complementary.
[D] opposite.
39. Emerson, according to the text, is
probably _________.
[A] a pioneer of
education reform.
[B] an
opponent of intellectualism.
[C] a
scholar in favor of intellect.
[D] an
advocate of regular schooling.
40. What
does the author think of intellect?
[A] It is second to intelligence.
[B] It evolves from common
sense.
[C] It is to be
pursued.
[D] It underlies
power
Part B
Directions:
Read
the
following
text
carefully
and
then
translate
the
underlined
segments
into
Chinese. Your
translation should be written clearly on ANSWER
SHEET 2. (10 points)
The relation of language and mind has
interested philosophers for many centuries. (41)
The
Greeks assumed that the structure
of language had some connection with the process
of thought,
which took root in Europe
long before people realized how diverse languages
could be.
Only recently did
linguists begin the serious study of languages
that were very different from
their
own.
Two
anthropologist-linguists,
Franz
Boas
and
Edward
Sapir,
were
pioneers
in
describing
many
native
languages
of
North
and
South
America
during
the
first
half
of
the
twentieth
century.
(42)
We
are
obliged
to
them
because
some
of
these
languages
have
since
vanished,
as
the
peoples
who
spoke
them
died
out
or
became
assimilated
and
lost
their
native
languages. Other linguists in the
earlier part of this century, however, who were
less eager to deal
w
ith
bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not
always so grateful. (43)
The newly
described
languages
were
often
so
strikingly
different
from
the
well
studied
languages
of
Europe
and
Southeast Asia that some scholars even
accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.
Native
American languages are indeed
different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be
used by the US
military as a code
during World War II to send secret messages.
Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee
Whorf, continued the study of American
In
dian languages. (44)
Being
interested in the relationship of language and
thought, Whorf developed the idea that the
structure of language determines the
structure of habitual thought in a society. He
reasoned that
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because it
is easier to formulate certain concepts and not
others in a given language, the speakers
of that language think along one track
and not along another. (45) Whorf came to believe
in a sort
of linguistic determinism
which, in its strongest form, states that language
imprisons the mind, and
that the
grammatical patterns in a language can produce
far-reaching consequences for the culture
of a society. Later, this idea became
to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but
this term is
somewhat inappropriate.
Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the
diversity of languages,
Sapir himself
never explicitly supported the notion of
linguistic determinism.
Section III
Writing
46
.
Directions
：
Study
the following drawing carefully and write an essay
in which you should
1. describe the
drawing
，
2.
interpret its meaning, and
3. support
your view with examples.
You should
write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (20
points)
答案解析
Section I
Use of English
1.
完形填空翻译：
许多研究青少年犯罪
(
即低龄人群犯罪
)
的理论要么强调个人要么强调社会是导致犯罪
的主要
因素。
强调个人因素的理论认为，
儿童从事犯罪活动，
是因为他们以前的不良行为没
有及时受到惩处，
或者由于他们受别人影响而学会了犯罪。
强调社会因素的理论认为，
儿童
犯罪，
是因为他们未能如愿地提高自己的社会经济地位
，
或者是因为排斥中产阶级的价值观。
大部分研究青少年犯罪的理论都集中在来自贫困家庭的儿童身上，
而忽略了出身富裕家
庭的儿童也会犯罪这一事实。
这些儿童可能由于缺乏父母管教而
犯罪。
当然，
所有这些理论
都不是定论
，并且经常遭到批判。
社会结构的变化可能会间接地影响青少
年犯罪率。
比如，
某些经济变化导致了年轻人就
业机会减少和失业率上升，
通常在这种情况下，
想找到
薪水丰厚的工作就愈加困难。
由此产
生的不满反过来可能导致更
多的年轻人犯罪。
这些年来家庭也在经历着变化。
单亲家庭和双职工家庭越来越多。
这样，
儿童在家
里所
受到的监管就可能比过去传统家庭要少。
人们认为缺乏父母
管教是影响青少年犯罪率的因素
之一。
其他已知的原因还包括：
青少年在学校里形成的挫败感或学习不及格，
年轻人越来越
容易接触毒品和酒精，
以及儿童受虐待和得不到关怀的事件日益增多
。
所有上述情况都会增
加青少年犯罪的可能性，虽然其中的直接
因果关系还没有被证实。
2.
完形题目详解：
1.
[A] acting (on)
对
……
起作用
[B] relying (on)
依靠，指望
[C]
centering (on)
以
……
为中心，围绕；集中于
……
--
精选文库
[D]
commenting
(on)
对
……
做出评论
[
答案
] C
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
平行句子结构
+
分
词短语辨析
。
本题要求考生判断空格
处应填入什么分词与
on
搭配，构成分词短语。从结构上看，文
章第一段由三个平行结构的长句子构成，其主要结构为
Many
theories concerning…focus
on
；
Theories
1
on
the
individual
suggest
that
；
Theories
focusing
on
the
role
of
society
suggest
t
hat
。
三个句子的主语都是
theo
ries
，
并都接有分词作定语。
因此
空格处填入的分词应和前一
句中的
concerning
、后一句中的
focusing on
遥相呼
应，都表示
“
关于
…
< br>的理论
”
的含义，从文
意方面看
，第一句话总述到，关于（
concerning
）青少年犯罪
原由的理论集中研究两个方面，
即个人因素和社会因素。第二句强调个人因素的理论。第
三句强调
(focusing
on)
社会因素的
理论。能表达出
“
集中强调
”
含义的分词短语只有
centeri
ng on
。
例句补充：
Alcohol acts on the bra
in.
（酒精对大脑起作用）
；
She
relies on her parents for
tuition.
（她的学费依赖于父母）
；
Her novels
centered on the problems of adolescence.
（她的小
说以青少年问题为中心）
；
He commented on the bad weather here.
（他
对这里糟糕的天气发表
评论）
。
2.
[A] before
在
……
之前，表时间
[B]
unless
如果不，除非，表条件
[C] until
直到
……
才，表时间
[D]
because
因为，表因果
[
答案
] D
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
逻辑关系
。
本题要求考生判断空格处应填入什么连词。
首先，
< br>从结构上看，
本题的空格在一个由
that
引导的宾语从句中：
Theories suggest that…
。
该从句含有两个完整的分句：
childr
en engage in
criminal
behavior
和
they were not
sufficiently penalized
。
考生关键要
判断出这两个在空格前后
的分句之间是什么逻辑关系。
其次，<
/p>
根据文意，
强调个人因素的理论把犯罪归结于个人原因，
按照其观点，
“
儿童以前的不良行为没有及时地
受到惩处
”
就是
“
儿童犯罪
”
的原因之一，两者
之间
是因果关系。选项中只有连词
because
表因果，因此是正
确答案。
3.
[A] interaction
（
w
ith
）与
……
的互相作用，互相影响
[B]
assimilation
（
into
）适应、同化、融入
……
[C] c
ooperation
（
with
）与
……
的合作
[D] consultation
（
with
）和
……
的商议
[
答案
] A
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
名词短语辨析
。
本题要求考生判断空格处应填入什么名词，与
with
others
搭配构成名词短语，来做
thr
ough
的介词宾语。
首先排除
ass
imilation
，
它不能与
wit
h
搭配。
空格所在的分句是
they
have
learned criminal behavior through
__ 3
with others
，其中介词
through
表明
“
和其他人的
……”
是
“
孩子们学会犯罪
”
的途径或方式。
考生接下来要判断选项中哪个名词短语可以表示出一种
学会犯罪
的途径或方式。显然，只有
interaction with others
符合，意为
“
和他人的相互影响，
即受到坏人的影响
（而学会了犯罪）
”
。
注意
cooperation with
多为褒义，
而且也不能说是
“
< br>通
过合作
”
来学会犯罪。
词汇补充：
interaction
可表示
“
（人的）
交
往，
影响
”
，
其构词法是
inter-
（
在
…
之间）
+action
（作用）
；
assimilation
表示
“
（文化、风俗等的）同化
”<
/p>
，词根为
similar(
相同的
)
，
assimilate
< br>是动词形式；
cooperation
意为
“
合作
”
，
其构词法是
co-
（
共同）
+operation
（操作）
；
consultation
意为
“
咨询，磋商
”
，
con
-
（共同的，相同的）
，
consul
t
为动词形式。
4. [A]
(in) return (for)
作为对
……
的报答，交换
[B]
(in) reply (to)
作为对
……
的答复
--
精选文库
[C] (in)
reference (to)
关于
[D] (in)
response (to)
作为对
……
的反应
/
答复
[
答案
] D
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
固定搭配
。
本题要求考生判断选项中哪个能与
in…to
构成短语并符合文意。首先排除
return
，因为
它只与介词
for
搭配，构成短语
in return for
；其次，空格所在长句意为
“
（强调社会角色的）
理论认为，
孩子们犯罪是他们自己没有成功地超越现有的社会经济地位的
__4__
”
，
根据句意，
可先排除
C
选项
in
reference
to
，因为它表
示
“
关于
……
，就
……
而言
”
，填入空格后明显语
义明显不通；最后对
in reply
to
和
in response to
进行比较，这两个短语区别的关键在其中心
名词
reply
和
response
。
reply
指
“
回答，答复
”
，如：
in reply to the
letters
（回信）
，而
resp
onse
多表示一种自发的反应。这个题目的正确选项应是
in
response
to
，因为
“
孩子们犯罪是对自
己没有成功地超越现有的
社会经济地位的一种自发的、本能的反应行为
”
。
知识点补充：注意区别
reply
，
response
和
ans
wer
都有
“
回答
”
的含义。
Answer
(n. v.)
在这三个词中使用范围最广，
既可以表示用语言
来回答
,
也可表示用行动来
回答。
如：
answer the telephone(
接电话
)
；
answer
the door bell (
去开门
)
。
例句：
In answer to these
questions I just nodded.
（在回答
这些问题的过程中，我只是点点头。
）
response(
动词为
respond)
多表示一种自发的反应。
例句：
In
response to your inquiries, we
regret
to inform you that we cannot help you in this
matter.
（对于您的疑问，我们很遗憾地通
知您我们对
此爱莫能助。
）
reply
(n.
v.)
和
answer
常常可以互相替换，也可以表示
“
以行动回答
”
，但有时与
answer
明显不同：如：
answer a letter
只表示
“
写回信
”
，但对来信提出的问题并不一定都作了答复，
而
reply a letter
则表示回答了来信提出的一切细节。
in
reply to
表示
“
回答，
回复
”
。
例句：
They
would be able to use
similar methods in reply to our signals.
（他们会有能力使用类似的方法来
回答我们的信号。
）
5.
[A]
or
或者，表并列
[B]
but rather
（非固定搭配）
[C] but
而是，表转折
[D]
or else
否则，要不然
[
答案
] A
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
逻辑关系
。
本题要求考生判断空格前后两个部分之间的逻辑关系。从结构上看，
in response to their
failure
和
as a
rejection of middle-class
values
都是
commit crimes
的状语，分别表示
“
作为
对自
己没有
……
的一种自发地、
本能的反应
”
和
“
作为对
中产阶级价值观的排斥
”
。
从文意
上看，社会影响理论强调造成孩子犯罪有两个方面的原因：一是社会经济方面；二是社
会价值观方面。
显然无论从结构还是意思上
,
这两者都是并列关系，
需要一个表并列的连
词来连接，所以
or
正确。
6.
[A]
considering
考虑到，鉴于
[B] ignoring
忽视
[C]
highlighting
突出
[D]
discarding
丢弃，抛弃
[
答案
] B
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
分词结构作状语
+
动词词义辨析
。
虽然该空格要填入的
是分词，
但考生重点要辨析的是其中心动词是否符合文意。
从结
构
上看，空格所在句子含有主句
Most theories
have focused on children
和作状语的现在分词结
构
__6__ the
fact
，那么填入的分词和主句的谓语
focused
on
都是主语
most theories
发出的动
作，关键看这两个动作间是什么关系，仅从结构上无法判断，因为分词可以
作时间、原因、
方式等多种状语。这时需要从文意上判断，主句意为
“
大部分研究青少年犯罪的理论都关注
来自贫穷家庭的孩子
”
，
从句意为
“……
来自富有家庭的孩子也犯罪的事实
”
。
从逻辑上讲，
“
只
--
精选文库
关注贫穷
家庭的孩子的情况
”
会导致
“
不关注富裕家庭孩子的情况
”
的结果。两者之间
是因果
关系，分词结构在这里作的是结果状语。选项中能表达
“
不关注
”
含义的只有
< br>ignoring
，它在
这里做结果状语，译为
“
于是就忽视了
”
。注
意
discarding
不能与
fac
t
搭配。
知识点补充：
分词作状语表示的动作是主句动作的一部分，
一般用逗号同其他成分隔开。<
/p>
分词可以作时间、
原因、
方式、
条件、
结果、
目的、
让
步等状语。
例句：
The old scientist
died
all of a sudden,
leaving
the project
unfinished. (
那位老科学家突然去世了，
（于是
）留下了没有
完成的项目
)
。
7.
[A]
on
涉及、关于
[B] in
以
……
方式
[C]
for
因为
[D] with
（表伴随）
[
答案
] C
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是：
逻辑关系
+
介词用法辨析
。
考生首先要知道空格所在句子的主语
the
< br>latter
（后者）指前一句话中提到的
“
富有家庭
的孩子
”
；其次
要搞清楚空格前后部分
The
latter
commit
crimes
和
lack
of
adequate
parental
control
之
间的逻辑关系。由于上文一直在探讨青少年犯罪的原因，这里也不例外，谈论的
是
“
富有家庭的孩子犯罪
”
是由于
“
缺少父母管教
”
，空格处需填入表因果关系的介词，
for
正<
/p>
确。
8.
[A] immune
（
to
）免疫的，不受影响的
[B] resistant
(to)
有抵抗力的
[C] sensitive
（
to<
/p>
）敏感的
[D]
subject
（
to
）易受
……
影响的
[
答案
] D
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
形容词结构作表语
。
本题要求考生判断选项中哪个形容词可以与介词
to
搭配，
并做空格所在句子中
be
动词
的表语。首先，四个形容词都可以和
to
搭配，如：
immune to persuasion
（不能被说服的）
；
resistant to
corrosion
（抗腐蚀的）
；
sensitive
to criticism
（对批评敏感）
；
< br>subject to colds
（容
易感冒的）<
/p>
。那么关键看哪个能符合句意。空格所在句子是
All
theories
are
tentative
and
are
8
to
criticism
。考生应注意句中由
and
连接的两个
be
动词后的表语都描述了主语
“
所有理
论
”
的特点，因此是
并列关系。把四个选项一一放入，只有
subject
to<
/p>
表达的
“
容易受到批评
< br>和攻击
”
与
tentative
表达的
“
试验性的、不确定的
”
在含义上近似，不确定就意味着容易遭受
批评
和攻击。
9.
[A]
affect
影响，感动，感染
[B]
reduce
减少，缩小，还原
[C]
check
检查，制止，核对
[D]
reflect
反射，反映，表现
[
答案
] A
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是：
上下文语义
+
动词词义辨析
。
空格处需填入一个谓语动词，其主语是
Changes
in
the
social
structure
，宾语是
juvenil
e
crime rates
，同时受副词
indirectly
修饰。考生关键要判断主语
“
社会结构的变化
”
能间接地对
宾语
“
青少年犯罪率
”
作什么动作。首先由于语意不通而排除
check
；其次，
reflect
也不合适，
逻辑上讲，只能是
“
犯罪率（的变化）反映了社会结构的变迁
”
，而不能反过来说
“
社会结构
的变化反映了犯罪率（的变化）
”
。再次，由于上下文中不涉及到犯罪率高低变化问题，可
排除
reduce
。
affect
词义相符，表示
“
社会结构的变化间接地影响了少年犯罪率<
/p>
”
。
10.
[A] point
（
to
）指向，指
明，让人注意到
[B] lead
（
to
）通向，导致，引起，造成
[C] come
（
to
）谈及，到达，共计，恢复知觉
[D] amount
（
to
）总计
,
等于，等同，接近
[
答案
] B
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是：
上下文语义
+
动词短语辨析
。
--
精选文库
本题空格所在句子是一个
that
引导的定语从句，从句的
主语是
that
的先行词
change
s in
the economy
，
谓语是空格处填入的动词与
to
的搭配，
宾语是
fewer job opportunities
。
由于四
个选项动词都可与
to
搭配，组成短语动词，如：
point to the sharp
death in road death (
指明马
路死亡事
故剧增
)
；
too much
work lead to illness (
劳累过度引起生病
)
；
come to an understanding
（达成谅解）
；
Her
standards amounted to perfection
（她简直要求事
事十全十美）
。
因此考生关
键要判断哪
个短语动词符合句意。
首先，
从结构
上看，
这个短语动词
10
t
o
应该反映主语
“
经济变化
”
对宾语
“
减少的工
作机会
”
施加的一个动作。
其次，
上文谈到，
社会结构变化间接影响犯罪率。
逻辑词
for example
表明下面要
具体论述是如何影响的。
因此接下来谈的应该是
“
经济变化
”
造成的影响，即：年
轻人工作机会减少，失业率上升。可见这个动作类似于
“
影
响
”
，体现了一种因果关系。四个
选项
中能够表达因果关系的只有
lead
to
，意为
“
经济变化导致了年轻人就业机会减少和失业
率上升
”
。
知识点补充：
与
to
搭配的短语动词还包括：
apply to
（适合）
，
bring to
（苏醒，
停下来）
，
c
onform
to
（相称）
，
fall
to
（开始）
，
object
to
（反对）
，
refer
to
（提及，指）
，
set
to
（着手）
，
take
to
（喜爱上，专心于）
，
yield
to
（屈服于）
。
11. [A] in
general
通常
,
一般说来
[B] on
average
平均起来
[C]
by contrast
对比起来
[D]
at length
最后，终于；充分地，详细地
[
答案
] A
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是：
句内语义
+
固定短语
。
由于空格所在长句的主干结构已经完整：
changes in
the economy
（主语）
make
（谓语）
employment
（宾语）
< br>difficult to obtain
（宾补）
，填
入的短语显然只能做状语来修饰谓语。考
生需要判断哪个短语填入后能使句子意思更加完
整。根据句子的含义
“
（导致年轻人工作机
会减少，失业率上升）的经济变化
__11___
使收入丰
厚的工作很难被找到
”
，只有
in <
/p>
general
放入后符合逻辑，表示一种普遍规律：经济形势不
好，一般就业就很困难。
例句补充：
Children in general are
fond of candy.
（孩子一般都喜欢糖果）
；
On average we
receive
5
letters
each
day.
（我们每天平均收到五封信）
；<
/p>
Mr.
Green
is
a
taciturn
person.
By
contrast, his brother was much more tal
kative.
（格林先生是一个沉默寡言的人，相比之下，他
兄弟要健谈的多）
；
At length they
reached their destination.
（他们最终到达了目的地）<
/p>
。
12. [A] (in)
case
假使，如果，万一
[B]
(in) short
简而言之，总而言之
[C] (in)
turn
轮流地，依次；又（对别人）做同样的事
[D]
(in) essence
本质上
[
答案
] C
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是：
句内语义
+
固定搭配
。
和上题一样，这道题空格所在句子的主干结构也已经完整：
discontent
（主语）
lead
（谓
语）
more
youths
（宾语）
into criminal beha
vior
（宾补）
，填入的名词与
in
搭配后在句中作状
语。由于四个选项都可以与
< br>in
搭配，因此考生只需判断哪个短语填入后，能使句意表达更
< br>完整。句子大意是
“
（经济变化使年轻人就业变得困难）
，由此造成的不满情绪
12 _
导致更
多年轻人犯罪
”
，
选项中只有
in
turn
放入后符合逻辑，
因为它可以表示一种连锁的因果联系
，
即
“
经济变化导致就业困难，就业困
难导致不满，不满进而又导致犯罪
”
。
例句补充：
Take warm
clothes in case the weather is cold.
（带上
厚衣服以防天气变冷）
；
In
short,
society
must
be
reorganized.
（总之，社会必须重组）
；
He
found
that
Mary
had
told
Richard’s s
ister, and she in
turn had told Richard. (
他发现玛丽告诉了理查德的姐姐，
然后她又
告诉了理查德
)
；
He is in essence an honest person.
（他本质上是个诚实的人）
--
精选文库
13. [A] survived
经历
...
后依然活着，幸免于
[B] noticed
注意到
[C]
undertaken
承担，许诺
[D]
experienced
经历，体验
[
答案
] D
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是：
上下文语意
+
动宾搭配
。
本题要求考生判断哪个动词可以与
changes
构成动宾搭配
，并符合文意。若只局限于所
在句子的内部语意，
答案可以不只
一个。
因此考生要根据上下文来确定最佳答案。
上文从社
会结构变化谈到经济变化再谈到家庭变化；
下文则提到，
越来越多的家庭变成单亲或双职工
家庭。这些都在暗示家庭结构有了变化。四
个选项构成的动宾搭配分别表示
“
幸免于变化
< br>”
、
“
注意到变化
”
、
“
承担变化
”
和
“
经历变化
”
。显然，
experienced
最恰当地表达了
“
近几年家庭
也经历着变化
”
的含义。
知识点补充：除了这个题目外，
2003
年英
语知识第
2
题也考到了与
change
构成动宾搭
配的动词。
考生需注意，<
/p>
当
change
作
“
变化
”
含义时，
< br>常与之搭配的动词有：
make, have, take,
bring about, experience, accommodate
(to), adapted to, adjust
to
等。
14. [A]
contrarily
相反地，表对比
[B]
consequently
所以，因此，表因果
[C]
similarly
同样地
,
类似于，表比较
[D]
simultaneously
同时地，表比较
[
答案
] B
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
逻辑关系
。
考生注意分号和逗号之间一般要填入一个表达句子间逻辑关系的词，
因此本题要求考生
判断空格前后
“
单亲
和双职工家庭增多
”
和
“
孩子们在家里得到的监护减少
”
之间的逻辑关系。<
/p>
根据常识，
在单亲和双职工家庭中，
父母
工作相对比较繁忙，
因此孩子受到的监护就会减少。
可见，这里
需要一个表因果关系的逻辑副词，选项中只有
consequently
符合要求。
15. [A]
than
兼有连词和代词的性质，引导比较成分
[B] that
关系代词，不能引导比较成分
[C]
which
关系代词，不能引导比较成分
[D] as
关系代词，不能单独引导比较成分
[
答案
] A
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
从句中的关系代词
。
空格的前文是一个主干结构完整的句子：
children
are
likely
to
have
less
supervision
at
home
，空格的后文是：
was
common in the traditional family
。显然这里包含
了一个从句，由
空格处的词连接。
解题的关键词是
less
，
它只能和
tha
n
搭配构成比较级。
句子的含义是：
（
现
在的）
孩子们在家里得到的父母的监护，
要比
（
than
）
在传统的家庭里普遍的
（监护）
少
（
less
）
。
< br>考生需要注意
than
在这里的用法。
< br>than
在带有比较级的句子中可以做关系代词，兼有连词
和代词的性质，相当于
than
what
< br>，比如这句话就相当于
children
have
less
supervision
than
(what) was common in
the traditional
family
。
例句：
The boy
has eaten more food than is good for
his
health
就相当于
…eaten more food
than
（
what
）
is good for his health
。
（那个孩子吃得太
多，多得对身体都不好了）
。<
/p>
再看三个干扰项。
that
比较容易排除，它常在关系从句中做关系代词，代替紧跟着的先
行词，
可以是名词或代词。
这个题目难在其他两个干扰项：
which
和
as
似乎可以放
入空格中，
做关系代词，代替前面整个句子，意为
“
这种情况在传统家庭中很普遍
”
。但考生要注意：
首
先，
which
和
< br>as
的这种用法都在非限定性从句中，即用逗号隔开，
例
句
：
He
took
over
the
government
,
which
was unlawful.
（他接管了政府，
这一行为实际
是非法的）
，
She usually takes
a nap after lunch, as is her habit.
（午饭后她一般午睡，这已经成了习惯）
；其次，填入
which
和
as
，句子的含
义就成了：孩子们在家里得到的监护越来越少的现象在传统家庭中非常普
遍，它不符合逻
辑。
因为文章谈到造成孩子无人看管，正是由于家庭结构的变化，
即传统的
--
精选文库
家庭变成单亲和双职工家庭所造成的。显然它们不符合上下文意。
16. [A]
system
系统，体系，体制
[B]
structure
结构，构造
[C]
concept
观念，概念
[D]
heritage
遗产，传统
[
答案
] B
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是：
上下文语意
+
名词词义辨析
。
本题要求考生判断
family
后接什么中心名词。此题有
几个线索，第一个线索在上一题
中也提到，即空格所在句子中的比较级。考生从中可分析
出：
the traditional family
16
与
families consist of one-
parent households or two working parents
是相对照的，后者为现代家庭
的组成方式即结构，
那么前者空
格处也应相应地填入表
“
结构
”
含义的词。
第二个线索离得比
较远，
第三段首句提到
changes in the social str
ucture
，
接下来依次提到
cha
nges in the economy
和
Families have also
experienced changes
，因此后面两个变化是第一个变化的分述，即
从社
会结构谈到经济结构和家庭结构，
而且后面提到的
“
单亲和双职工家庭
”
等也确实是在谈论家
庭结构问题。因此空格处应填入这个不只一次出现的关键词
structure
。
17. [A]
assessable
可估价的，容易接近、得到和使用的
[B]
identifiable
可以确认的
[C]
negligible
可以忽略的，不予重视的
[D]
incredible
难以置信的，惊人的
[
答案
] B
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
形容词用法辨析
。
空格的前文是
lack of parental
supervision is an
influence
（影响，原因）
on juvenile
crime
rates
，下文是
Other
__17_
causes of
offensive acts include frustration or failure in s
chool…
。
因此填入的形容词首先可以修饰
causes
，其次，根据句意，
“
< br>其他
……
的原因
”
言外之意就是
前面提到的是
“
一个
……
的原因
”
< br>，也就是说这个形容词是上下文提到的所有原因的共同特
点。上文提到的原因是<
/p>
“
缺乏管教
”
，
下文提到的原因是
“
在学校里形成的挫败感或学习不及
格、酗酒、毒品、虐待儿童等等
”
。再分析四个
选项，只有
identifiable
是所有原因的共同特
点，即：这些原因都是人们已经有所了解的。
知识点补充：选项中几个词的含义可通过几个例句来体会：
A
telephone is put where it
will be
accessible. (
把电话放到谁都能拿到的地方
)<
/p>
；
The police found an
unidentifiable woman
buried in the back
yard. (
警察发现后院埋了一具不明身份的女尸
)
；
In buying a suit, a difference
of ten cents in prices is negligible.
（买一套衣服价钱只差一角钱是无所谓的）
；
He was dressed
with incredible speed.
(
他以惊人的速度穿好了衣服
)
。
18. [A]
expense
费用，代价
[B]
restriction
限制，约束
[C]
allocation
分配，安置
[D] availability
可获得性，有效性，实用性
[
答案
] D
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是：
上下文语意
+
名词词义辨析
。
本题要求考生在空格处填入一个中心名词，
它可以同时被
i
ncreased
和
drugs and alcohol<
/p>
修饰，描述造成青少年犯罪的一种原因。首先可排除
alloca
tion
，因为它不能被
increased
< br>修
饰；其次，从逻辑上讲，
“
毒
品和酒精的价钱（
expense
）提高
”
、
“
对毒品和酒精的限制
（
restriction
）增多
”
都不应该是造成犯罪的原因，反而有可能减少犯罪。只有
< br>“
（青少年）越
来越容易接触（
availability
）
毒品和酒精
”
才可能引起犯罪。
例句补充：
Redecorating the house
will be a considerable expense.
（重新装饰房屋将
是一
项很大的花费）
；
There
is a restriction against smoking in schools.
（学校禁止吸烟）
；
Sugar is
under
allocation
during
war
time.<
/p>
（战争时期糖是配给的）
；
The
availability
of
clean
water
resource is becoming more and more
difficult. (
找到纯净的水源变得越来越难
)
。
--
精选文库
19. [A] inci
dence
（
of
）发生
(
率
)
[B] awareness
（
of<
/p>
）意识，知道
[C] exposur
e
（
to
）暴露，揭露
[D]
popularity
普及，流行，出名
[
答案
] A
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是：
上下文语义
+
名词词义辨析
。
和上题一样，这个空格填入的中心名词同时被
growing
和
child
abuse
and
child
neglect
修饰，描
述造成青少年犯罪的另一种原因。由于四个选项都可以被
growing
修饰，解题的关
键只能是根据逻辑语意做出判断。
首先
“
儿童受虐待和得不到关怀的日益普及
（
popularity
）
”
明显不可能，
其次
“
不
断意识
（
awareness
）
到儿童受虐待和得不到关怀
”
和
“
不断暴露
（
exposu
re
）
儿童受虐待和得不到关怀
”
不但不是犯罪发生的原因，
反而有利于减少犯罪；
< br>只有
“
儿童受虐
待和得不到关怀
事件（的发生）
（
incidence
）日益增多
”
才符合文意。
例句补充：
There is a high
incidence of malaria in the tropics.
（在热
带地区疟疾发病率很
高）
；
A
good parliamentarian must have an awareness of
what the people at home want.
（一个好
的国会议员必须知道国内的人民想要什么）
；
Exp
osure
of
the
body
to
strong
sunlight
may
be <
/p>
harmful.
（让身体暴露在强烈的阳光下会可能是有害的）
；
The
comedian
enjoyed
great
popularity
during the 30’s
and 40’s.
（这个喜剧演员在三、四十年代很受人欢迎）
。
20. [A]
provided
倘若，
（表条件）
[B] since
因为
,
既然，
（表因果或让步）
[C] although
虽然，尽管，
（表转折或让步）
[D] su
pposing
万一，假使，
（表条件）
[
答案
] C
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
逻辑关系
。
空格前后是两个完整的分句：
All these
conditions tend to increase the
probability
和
a direct
causal relationship has not yet been es
tablished
，
考生需要判断这两句话之间的逻辑关系。
前一
句话谈到，
所有这些情形都提高了
青少年犯罪的可能性；
后一句谈到，
直接的因果关系还没
有确定。前面谈已确定的（
identifiable
）原因，后面谈还不确定。两者间显然是转折关系。
表转折的连词只有
although
。
例句补充：
The factory will pay
the bonus provided the job is completed on time.
（
如果工作
及时完成的话，工厂将会发放奖
金）
；
Since you're not
interested, I won't tell you about it.
（
既
然你不感兴趣，
那我就不告诉你了）
；
Supposing it rains what shall you do?
（假如下雨，你会
怎么办呢）
。
阅读理解试题解析
Section
II
Reading
Comprehension
Part A Text 1
A
部分第一篇
Text 1
全文翻译
去年末，甘特
·
雷德曼律师在找工作时偶然发现网上
有一个被称作
“
职业建筑师
”
的求职
资料库。他找来找去，没有找到需要的工作，但却被该网站上的<
/p>
“
个人搜索代理
”
所吸引。
其
特点是互动性，这样访问者就可敲入一些和工作标
准相关的关键词，如：地点、职位和薪
水等等，然后当资料库里出现了相匹配的职位时，
“
代理
”
就会
把这些信息用电子邮件发出
去。
（长难句①）雷德曼选择了关键
词
“
法律
”
、
“
知识产权
”
和
“
华盛顿
”
。过了三个星期后，
雷德曼接到了第一个职位空缺的通知。他说，
“
我挖到金子了
”
。
他把个人简历用电子邮件寄
--
精选文库
给了雇主，接着就得到了一份驻公司律师的职务。
由于网上的求职招聘网站数不胜数，因此寻找可能的空缺职位变得费时又费力。而
< br>“
搜
索代理
”
< br>避免了人工重复性地访问数据库。不过，虽然有一个
“
搜
索代理
”
已成功地为雷德曼
找到了工作
，
就业专家们还是指出了
“
搜索代理<
/p>
”
存在的问题。
比如缩小搜索条件很可能
对求
职或应聘者不利。一位专家说，
“
你每回答一个问题就丧失了一次机会
”
。
寻找任何职业，都得从一个窄的概念出发，即你想要干什么，然后再去扩大它。
“
而这
是任何程序所无法做到的
”
，另一位专家说，
“
程
序都不会有隐含的求职建议
”
。
实际上
，最
佳策略是把
“
代理
”
当作一种提示性服务，来及时跟踪一个特定数据库里的工作信息。当你
收到电子邮件时，把它看作是提醒你该去查一查资料库的新信息了。
（
长难句②）一本求职
指南的作者这样说到，
“
< br>我不愿意依赖
‘
代理
’
，它只是在数据库里逐一寻找可能让我感兴趣
的新东西
< br>”
。
一些网站在
“
代理
”
的程序设计上考虑
让它诱使求职者回访网站。
比如，
当这些求职网站
的
“
代理
”
向注册用户发送信息时，
只提供三种它认为最匹配的工作。
（长难句③）
而实际上，
数据库里可能还有更多的匹配项，
于是，
求职者只得再次访问这个网站来寻找。事实上，求
职者真
的这样做。求职网销售副总裁塞思
·
皮茨说，
< br>“
在我们发送新信息的当天网站访问量就
会急剧上升
”
。
即使那些不
找工作的人也会觉得
“
搜索代理
”
有用。
一些人利用搜索代理密切关注职业市
场对于自己行业的需求情况，或者收集有关薪水的信息以便和老板协商加薪时有所准备。
（长难句④）雷德曼虽然已经愉快地就业了，
但他依然保持着与
“
职业建筑师
”
网
“
代理
”
的联
系。
他说，
“
你要时刻睁大眼睛，
关注这方面的信息
”
。使用
“
个人搜索代理
”
就意味着多了
< br>一双眼睛在为你观察留心。
（佳句）
文章脉络分析：
< br>文章介绍了一种能够帮助人们迅速找到工作的搜索代理工具。
全文从一个使用搜索
代理
而找到工作的实例入手，
对这种新事物的优缺点进行了全面
分析，
并引用了当事人和专家的
观点。
第一段：律师雷德曼通过
“
个人搜索代
理
”
顺利地找到了工作。
第二、
三、
四段：
这种搜
索代理的优点是避免了人工重复性地访问数据库，但缺点是当
求职者缩小搜索条件时会失
去很多机会。
并且这种机械的程序缺少人性化的求职建议。
因此
最佳策略是把它当作一种提示性服务。
比如一些网站在
“
代理
”
的程序设计上
就考虑到让它吸
引求职者回访网站。
第五段：
“
搜索代理
”
即使是对那些不找工作的人也有用。
题目具体解析
did Redmon find his
job?
21.
雷德曼是怎样找到工作的？
[A]
By searching openings in a job database.
[A]
通过在职业资料库中寻找空缺职位。
[B] By posting a matching position in a
[B]
通过在资料库里张贴相匹配的职位。
database.
[C] By using a
special service of a database.[C]
通过使用数据库的一种特殊服务。
[D] By E-mailing his resume to a
database.
[D]
通过将个人简历电邮到数据库。
[
答案
] C
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
事实细节题
。
<
/p>
题干中的关键信息是人名
“Redmon”
，
文章第一段就是围绕他的个人经历而展开论述的。
--
精选文库
四个选项都提到
“database”
，从文章首句可知，它指的是网上的一个求职资料库
。关键看雷
德曼在这个资料库里做了些什么而找到工作的。文章提到，雷德曼使用资料库
的
“
个人搜索
代理
”
，敲入了几个关键词，几周后就得到了空缺职位的通知。接着他把个人简历用电子
邮
件寄给了雇主，从而获得了一份工作。
C
选项中的
“
特殊服务
”
指的就是网站上提供的
“
个人
搜索代理
”
这种服务，虽然比较泛，但符合文意。
A
选项中的
“
寻找空缺职位
”
和
B
选项中的
“
张贴相匹配的职位
”
都是
“
个人搜索代理
”
代替
当事人做的事情。文中只提到雷
德曼将个人简历电邮给雇主，因此
D
选项也不是他找到工
作的方式。
22. Which of
the following can be a
22.
下面哪一个可能是搜索代理的缺点？
disadvantage
of search agents?
[A] Lake
of counseling.
[A]
缺少建议。
[B] Limited
number of visits.
[B]
限制访问次数。
[C] Lower
efficiency.
[C]
效率低。
[D] Fewer successful
matches.
[D]
匹配成功几率低。
[
答案
] A
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
事实细节题
。
文章第二段一、二句谈到搜索代理
的优点是：避免了人工重复性地访问数据库。连词
But
后，文
章转而提到专家们看到了它的缺点：每缩小一次搜索条件，对求职或应聘者来说
就意味着
丧失了一次机会。
但这个缺点在四个选项中都没有提到。
搜索代
理的另外一个缺点
在文章中比较隐蔽，它是在第三段提到的：
T
here’s no career counseling implicit in all of thi
s
，
代词
this
回指前面的
job searching
programs
，也就是搜索代理。
23. The expression “tip service” (Line
4,
23. “tip
service”
（第三段第四行）
Paragraph 3) most probably means
.
最可能的含义是
。
[A] advisory
[A]
忠告
[B]
compensation
[B]
补贴
[C] interaction
[C]
互动
[D] reminder
[D]
提示
[
答案
] D
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
词义题
。
直接定位到文章第三段，
理解这个新词汇要联系其上下文。
上文谈到搜索代理都不会有
隐含的求职建议。
in
stead
转折之后，下文对这个词汇进行了解释：
when
you
get
E-mail,
consider it a reminder to check the
database again
（最佳策略是把
“
代理
”
当作一种提示性服务，
来及时跟踪一个特定数据库里的工作信息）
，
tip ser
vice
与
reminder
前后呼应
。
24. Why does
CareerSite’
s agent offer 24.
为什么求职网的代理每次只提供给求职者
each job hunter only three job
三项工作选择？
options?
[A] To focus on better job
matches.
[A]
为了集中在更好的相匹配的工作上。
[B] To attract more returning visits.
[B]
为了吸引更多人回访。
[C] To
reserve space for more messages.
[C]
为了保存更多的信息空间。
[D]
To increase the rate of success.
[D]
为了提高成功的几率。
[
答案
] B
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
写作意图题
。
第四段第二句中的
for
examp
le
非常重要。考生应注意：在阅读中，举例必然是为了说
--
精选文库
明一个论点，
这个论点可以在举例之前或之后指出。
那么第四段举求职网的例子就是为了说
明首句：
Some sites design their
agents to tempt job hunters to return
（一
些网站在
“
代理
”
的程序
设计上考虑让它诱使求职者回访网站）
。接下来的内
容具体说明了是怎样诱使的：求职者为
了查找数据库中更多的匹配项，不得不回访这个网
站。
25. Which of the
following is true
25.
根据文章内容，下面哪一个是正确
according to the text?
的说法？
[A] Personal search agents are indisp-
[A]
个人搜索代理对于找工作的人来说是
ensable to job-hunters.
必不可少的。
[B] Some
sites keep E-mailing job seekers
[B]
一些网站不断地给求职者发电子邮
to trace their demands.
件，以便发现它们的需求。
[C]
Personal search agents are also
[C]
个人搜索代理对于那些已经找到工
helpful to those already employed.
作的人来说也有用处。
[D]
Some agents stop sending information
[D]
一旦人们找到工作，一些代理就
to
people once they are employed.
停止给他们发送信息。
[
答案
] C
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
事实细节题
。
<
/p>
这种题型有一定难度，
它要求考生对全文有综合性的理解。
因此在解题时经常是排除和
定位法相结合。第五段首句提到：即使那些
不找工作的人也会觉得
“
搜索代理
”<
/p>
有用。因此
C
选项正确。
文章提出了搜索代理的缺点，
指出最好只是把它当作一种提示性服务，
因此它不
是必不可少的，排除
A
选项；文章只在第五段首句提到
“
一些人利用搜索代理
（发来的电子
邮件）密切关注职业市场对于自己行业的需求情况
”
，排除
B
选项；从雷德曼的经历可以
知
道，找到工作后还是可以继续使用搜索代理服务的，因此
D<
/p>
选项也不对。
文章长难句分析与佳句赏析
长难句分析：
①
It’s
an
interactive
feature
that
lets
visitors
key
in
job
criteria
such
as
location,
title,
and
salary, then E-mails them when a
matching position is posted in the database.
该强调句的主干是：
It
is
（
an interactive feature
）
that
（
le
ts… then E
-mail
s…
）
，强调主
语
an
interactive feature
。
That
后面连接的是两个谓语动词结构：
let sb. do sth.
和名词活用为
动词的
E-mails
。
Such
as…
结构举例说明
job criteria
，
when
引导的时间状语从句修饰整个句
子。
②
Instead, the best strategy
is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to
keep abreast of jobs
in a particular
database; when you get E-rnail, consider it a
reminder to check the database again.
该句子分号前后是两个分句，后一分句对前一分句作进一步解释。前一分句的主干是：<
/p>
the best strategy is to use the agent
，
as…
介词短语结构意为
< br>“
当做
……”
。
不定式结构
“to
keep…”
表示目的。
③
When CareerSite’s agent
sends out messages to those who have signed
up for its service,
for
example, it includes only three potential
jobs
—
those it considers the
best matches.
for
example
点明了这个句子和前一句之间的关系：举例说明前面一句话。该句子
的主
干是：
it includes three
potential jobs
。
When
引导时间状语从句。破折号后是
potential jobs
的
同位语，中心词是
those
，
后面接定语从句。句之中的
it
回指
C
aree
rSite’s
agent
。
④
Some
use
them
to
keep
a
close
watch
on
the
demand
for
their
line
of
work
or
gather
information on
compensation to arm themselves when negotiating
for a raise.
该句子的主干是
Some use
them
，两个并列的不定式结构
to keep…or
gather…
在句子中
--
精选文库
做目的状语。在第二个目的
状语中又含有一个表目的的不定式短语
to
arm…
。
佳句赏析：
Redmon
maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always
keep your eyes open,” he says.
Working
with a personal search agent means having another
set of eyes looking out for you.
在这组句子中使用了
keep one’s eyes ope
n
这个习惯表达。
由于该短语非常形象化，
作者
又再次使用了
eyes
这个形
象
having another set of eyes looking out
for you
，
来表达人们应该时
刻
关注新的信息。
核心词汇与超纲词汇
（
1
）
stumbled
（<
/p>
n./v.
）绊倒，使绊跌
~
across/on/upon
偶然找到，无意中发现
（
2
）
notifi
cation
（
n./v.
）通知（书
）
，布告
,
告示；
< br>notify
（
v.
）
（用正式信件）通知
（
3
）
strike
（
v.
）邂逅，发现
~
gold
发现金子
（
4
）
criteria
（<
/p>
n.
）
criterion
的复数形式，
(
批评判断的
)
标准
,
规范
（
5<
/p>
）
counseling
（
n.
）
（对个人、社会以及心理等问题的）咨询服务
counsel
（
v.
）提出
建议，劝告；推荐，介绍
< br>
（
6
）
abreast
（
adv.
）
并肩，
并列；
最新，
赶得上
keeping abreast of the
latest developments.
及时了解最新动态
从这篇文章可以看出，
考生不能只局限于掌握基本的大纲词汇，
平时也应该有意识地搜
集随着新事物、新现象而出现的新词汇、
专业词汇。
计算机专业词汇：
（
1
）
datab
ase
（
n.
）数据库，资料库
（
2
）
search agent
搜索代理
（
3
）
interac
tive
交互性
（
4
）
key
in
键入
（
5
）
post
粘贴（帖子）
（
6
）
keywords
关键词
（
7
）
repeated visits
回访
（
8<
/p>
）
matches
匹配项
求职专业词汇：
（
< br>1
）
title
称号，头衔
（
2
）
opening
有空缺的工作或职位
（
3
）
in-
house counsel
机构内部的律师
（
4
）
raise
加薪
（
5<
/p>
）
negotiate
谈判；协商；商谈
~ with someone about
something
（
6
）
compensation
赔偿（金）
［美］薪
水，工资（
for
）
其他专业词汇：
（
< br>1
）
intellectual property
知识产权
Part A Text 2
A
部分
第二篇
Text 2
全文翻译
在过去的一个世纪里，
各种各样的不平等待遇和歧视都已经受到人们的谴责或
被视为违
法。
但是，
有一种隐蔽的不公
平待遇却继续盛行：
字母排序。
对于那些还没有意识到存在这<
/p>
--
-
-
-
-
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-
-
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