-
胶片电影术语中英文对照表
A
A & B Cutting:
A method of assembling original material in two
separate rolls, allowing
optical
effects to be made by double printing (A and B
Printing).
A
和
B
剪接法∶
一种将拍摄后的底片装到两种分离的卷轴上的方法，通过用双
印片（
A
和
B
印片）得到光学效果。
A
Wind: When you hold a roll of 16 mm or other
single-perf film so that the film leaves the
roll from the top and toward the right,
the perforations will be along the edge toward the
observer
.
A
卷（绕）片
:
当您手持一盘
16mm
或者其他单齿孔的胶片，使胶片前端向右时，齿孔会在
朝向观察者的一边
Abrasion Marks: Scratches on film
caused by dirt, improper handling, grit, emulsion
pile-ups, and certain types of film
damage (e.g., torn perforations).
刮痕：由污
物、不正确的处理、砂砾、乳剂堆积和特定类型的胶片损伤导致的胶片刮伤（例
如：齿孔
磨损）
。
Academy Aperture: In projection the
aperture cutout that was specified by the American
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and
Sciences that provides for a screen-image aspect
ratio
of approximately 1.37:1; also
called
?
sound
aperture.
?
学会标准片格
（标准银幕片窗）
：在放映过程中，按照美国电影艺术和科学学会的标准，该
学会为银幕影像提供大约
1.37:1
的比例，也
叫做
“
有声片窗
“
。
Acetate-Base
Film: Any film with a support that contains
cellulose triacetate; safety film.
醋酸纤维
片基∶
任何具有片基的胶片其片基由三醋酸纤维素酯组成；安全胶片。
< br>
Additive Color: Color
mixture by adding light from any of the three
primaries: red, green,
and blue.
加色∶
由三原色光：红、绿、蓝混合所形成的色彩。
Additive Lamphouse: A
printer lamphouse consisting of three light
sources; one for each
color record.
加色法灯箱：由三个光源组成的印片机上的光源。一个光源对应一个彩色记录。
Anamorphic: An optical
system having different magnifications in the
horizontal and
vertical dimensions of
the image. Basically, special camera lenses
squeeze the image
horizontally at the
time of exposure. This 2-to-1 squeeze uses as much
of the negative
available and still
allows room for an optical sound track on the
release print. The print is
un-squeezed
by the projector lens which gives the
characteristic wide screen (2.35:1)
aspect ratio.
变形：
一个影像的水平空间和垂直空间里，
这个光学系统呈现不同的放大倍数。
基本上是特
殊的摄影镜头在曝光时对影像横向地压缩。这个
2
到
1
的压缩使用了市场上所有的
底片，并
且仍然为发行正片上的光学声带保留了空间。
放映机的
镜头把正片解压缩，
并提供符合宽银
幕特点的
< br>2.35:1
比例。
Answer Print: The first print
(combining picture and sound, if a sound picture),
in release
form, offered by the
laboratory to the producer for acceptance. It is
usually studied
carefully to determine
whether changes are required prior to printing the
balance of the
order
.
标准
(
校正
)
拷贝∶
包括了影像和声音，
按照发行方式制作出的有
声片的第一部拷贝
,
它由冲印
厂提供给
制作人审查。
通常要对它进行仔细的研究以确定在进行色彩的平衡之前是否需要进
行一些更动。
Antihalation Backing (Coating): A dark
layer coated on or in the film to absorb light
that
would otherwise be reflected back
into the emulsion from the base.
防光晕层∶<
/p>
在胶片上或胶片中涂的一层黑色涂层，
以吸收光线，否则光线会从
片基反射到乳
剂上。
Aperture: (1) Lens: The orifice,
usually an adjustable iris, which limits the
amount of light
passing through a lens.
(2) Camera: In motion picture cameras, the mask
opening that
defines the area of each
frame exposed. (3) Projector: In motion picture
projectors, the
mask opening that
defines the area of each frame projected.
< br>光圈，片格窗，片门∶
（
1
）镜
头∶
一个孔，通常是一个可变光栅，可以限制通过透镜的光
量。
（
2
）摄影机∶
在电影摄影机中，确定每个片格的曝光区域的遮蔽罩孔。
（
3
）放映机∶
在
电影放映机中，确定每个
片格的放映区域的遮蔽罩孔。
ASA Exposure: Index or speed rating
that denotes the film sensitivity, defined by the
American National Standards
Institution. Actually defined only for black-and-
white films,
but also used in the trade
for color films.
ASA
曝光指数∶
由美国国家标准学会规定，
标明胶片对光的敏感程度的指数或感光速
度。
事
实上，它只限定于黑白底片，但是也在彩色底片上使用。
B
B Wind: When
you hold a roll of 16 mm or other single-perf film
so that the film leaves the
roll from
the top and toward the right; the perforations
will be along the edge away from
the
observer
.
B
卷片：当您
手持一盘
16mm
或者其他单齿孔的胶片，使胶片前端向右时，
齿孔将在远离
观察者的一边。
Backing: Antihalation Backing: A
temporary, dark-colored, gelatin coating which is
sometimes applied to the rear side of a
photographic plate or film to reduce halation by
absorbing any light that my pass
through the emulsion. (2) Non-Curl Backing: A
transparent, gelatin coating, sometimes
applied to the opposite side of photographic film
from the emulsion to prevent curling by
balancing the forces that tend to curl the film as
it
is wet and dried during processing.
(3) Coating: (e.g., anti-abrasion coating or rem-
jet
backing) applied to the base side
of the film to improve characteristics and
performance.
背层：
1
）防光晕的涂布：一种临时的，黑色的胶质涂料，有时用在胶片的后边，吸收任何
可能穿
过乳剂的光线来减少摄影底片的光晕。
2
）抗弯曲的涂布：一种
透明的明胶涂料，有
时用在从乳剂层的反面透过平衡防止胶片弯曲，
抑制湿的胶片在处理过程中干燥时产生的弯
曲。
3
）涂层：例如抗擦伤涂层或黑膜涂层。用在胶片的片基上，提高胶片的性能。
Base: The transparent,
flexible support, commonly cellulose acetate, on
which
photographic emulsions are coated
to make photographic film.
片基：
透明的，
柔性的片基，通常的材料是醋酸纤维素酯，摄影乳剂就涂在上面成为摄影胶
片。
Bell and Howell Perforation: A film
perforation shaped with flat top and bottom and
curved
sides.
贝尔浩型片（齿）孔
:
上下平行两边弯曲的胶片齿孔。
Bleach: (1) Converting a metallic
silver image to a halide or other salt which can
be
removed from the film with hypo.
When bleaching is not carried to completion, it is
called
reducing. (2) Any chemical
reagent that can be used for bleaching.
漂白：
1
）把金属银的影像转化成能用硫化硫酸钠冲洗掉的卤
化物或其他盐类。当漂白不完
整时，叫做减薄。
2
）任何化学试剂可以用来漂白。
C
Camera Log: A record sheet
giving details of the scenes photographed on a
roll of original
negative.
摄
影纪录：一张记录表，它提供了拍摄在一卷原底片上的场景的细节。
Camera Operator: The person
responsible for translating the instructions on
the exposure
sheet into camera moves
and photographing the artwork.
摄影师
(
摄影机操作员
)
：负责
将曝光表上的读数转换成为摄影机的作业和实际的拍摄的人。
Camera Original: Film exposed in a
camera.
原底片：在摄影机中经拍摄而曝光的底片。
Cell Side: The base
(Celluloid) surface of a strip of film.
赛璐珞面（片基面）
：一条胶片的片基（赛璐珞）表面。
Cellulose Triacetate:
Transparent, flexible material used as a base
support for photographic
emulsions.
三醋酸纤维素：透明的，柔软的用作摄影乳剂的片基的材料
Characteristic Curve: Shows
the relationship between the exposure of a
photographic
material and the image
density produced after processing.
特性曲线
:
表明摄影材料的曝光和冲洗后得到的影像密度之间的关系。
Cinch Marks: Short
scratches on the surface of a motion picture film
which run parallel to
its length. These
are caused by dust or other abrasive particles
between film coils or
improperly
winding the roll, which allows one coil of film to
slide against another
.
卷片擦伤：
电影胶片表面的短的刮伤，
与长度方向平行；
< br>这些划痕是由灰尘或其他之间的颗
粒摩擦产生，或是由于卷轴的不恰当卷绕，导致
一条胶片在另一圈上滑动时产生的
Cinching: Practice of pulling the end
of a roll to tighten it.
It
?
s not recommended.
卷片不均：拉胶片的一端使其在卷轴上绕紧的动作。一般不建议使用这种方式。
Cinemascope:
Trade name of a system of anamorphic wide-screen
presentation. The first
commercially
successful anamorphic system for the presentation
of wide-screen pictures
combined with
stereophonic sound. The 35 mm negative camera
image is compressed
horizontally by the
same amount using a similar anamorphic projection
lens. Depending on
the type of sound
used in the print, the screen image has an aspect
ratio of 2:35:1 (optical
sound), or
2:55:1 (4-track magnetic sound).
西尼玛斯柯普
系统宽银幕电影
（采用变形方法）
：
一
个压缩摄影宽银幕放映系统的商业名称。
是第一个成功的立体声商用压缩摄影系统。
35 mm
底片的摄影影像用一种特殊的压缩摄影
< br>镜头水平压缩
50%
。在放映前，
35mm
影片影像再用一套相似放大镜头水平放大同样的倍
数
。根据影片中所用的声音类型，银幕影像的比例：
2.35:1(
光学声音
)
或
2.55:1
（
4
一轨磁性
声音）<
/p>
。
Cinex Strip: A short test print in
which each frame has been printed at a different
exposure
level.
光号测试片：一种短的测试
影片，其中每一个片格都在不同的曝光水平上印制。
Color Analyzer: A device for
determining the correct printing light ratios for
printing color
negatives.
彩色
配光机：一种决定印制彩色底片时，正确的印片光号的设备。
Color Balance: The perceptual
appearance of a color image on the film as a
function of the
ratio of exposures of
each primary color recorded on the film.
色彩平衡：
一部影片的彩色影像的感色性的表现，
它是影片
上记录的每一个原始色彩的曝光
比例的函数
Color Correction: The
altering of the color balance by modifying the
ratio of the printing
light values.
色彩校对：通过修改印片光号来改变色彩平衡。
Color Duplicate (DUPE)
Negative: Duplicate with a negative color image;
made from a
negative color original.
Typically used for making release prints.
< br>彩色翻底片：复制彩色负像；从原底片复制。在制作发行拷贝时常会使用。
Color Internegative:
Negative-image color duplicate made from a
positive color original.
Typically used
for making release prints.
彩色中间底片：从翻正片的
原始彩色影像进行的彩色负像复制。在制作发行拷贝时常用。
Color Negative: A negative (opposite)
record of the original scene. Colors are the
complementaries of the colors in the
scene; light areas are dark, and dark areas are
light
彩色底片：
对原场景的负像记录。其色彩是场景中
色彩的互补色；
亮部区域是暗的，暗的区
域是亮的。
Color Positive: A
positive record of the original scene.
彩色正像：原来场景的正像记录。
Color Print Film: Film designed for
making positive prints from color originals and
color
duplicates.
彩色正片：设计用来从彩色底片和彩色复制片制作正像的胶片。
Color Reversal Film: Film
that after processing has a color positive image.
Can be an
original camera film or a
film in which other positive films are printed.
彩色反转片：在冲洗后有彩色正像的胶片。它可以用作原始拍摄或其它正片的印制。
Color Saturation: A term used
to describe the brilliance or purity of a
color
. When colors
present
in a film image are projected at the proper screen
brightness and without
interference
from stray light, the colors appear bright, deep,
rich, and undiluted. They are
said to
be saturated.
色彩饱和度：
用于描述色彩的明
度或纯度的术语。
当胶片影像的呈现在合适的银幕亮度下放
映，
且没有杂散光的干扰时，显得明亮、玄妙、丰满，纯净的色彩称为饱和的色彩。
Color Sensitivity: Portion
of the spectrum to which a film is sensitive. The
ability of the eye
or photographic
stock to respond to various wavelengths of light.
感色性：胶片对光敏感的光谱部分。眼睛或摄影胶片对不同波长的光的反应能力。
Color Separation
Negative: Black and white negative made from red,
green, or blue light
from an original
subject or from positive color film.
分色
底片：由原来的物体或彩色正片的红、绿或蓝光制作得到的黑白底片。
Color Temperature: The
color quality of the light source (expressed in
Kelvin (K) degrees)
色温：用开尔文（凯氏）
< br>（
K
）表示的光源的色彩品质。色温越高，光越偏向蓝色
；色温越
低，光越偏向红色。
Complementary Color: Color
that is minus one of the primary colors. Cyan is
minus red;
cyan and red are
complementary colors. Yellow is minus blue; yellow
and blue are
complementary colors.
Magenta is minus green; magenta and green are
complementary
colors. When mixed in
equal parts, complementary and primary colors
produce white.
（互）补色：减少一种原色的色彩。减去了红是青色，
因此红色是青色的补色；减去了蓝是
黄色，
因此蓝色是黄色的补
色；
减去了绿是品红色，因此绿色和品红色是补色。将三原色等
量混合就产生了白色，三原色都是它的补色。
Composite Print: A print of a film that
contains both picture and sound track. Films
regularly shown in theaters are
composite prints. Also called Release Print.
合成拷贝：一部影片的拷贝，它包括影像和声音。通常在影院中放映的影片都是合成拷贝。
也称为发行拷贝。
Conform: Match the original film to the
final edited work print.
套片：将原底片剪接成与最终的编辑完成的工作拷贝相吻合。
Contact Print: Print made
by exposing the receiving material in contact with
the original.
Images are the same size
as the original images, but have a reversed left-
to-right
orientation.
接触式印片：
与原底片接触的胶片曝光的印片方式。
影像和原始影片的影像同
样大小，
但左
右相反。
Continuous Contact Printer:
A printing machine where the emulsion of the
negative film is
in direct physical
contact with the positive raw stock emulsion, and
the two films are
moving continuously
across the printing aperture.
连续式接触印片机：
一种印片机，其中底片的乳剂和正片的生片乳剂直接接触。同时，
两种
胶片连续地通过印片机的片门。
Contrast: (1) The general
term for describing the tone separation in a print
in relation to a
given difference in
the light-and-shade of the negative or subject
from which it was made.
Thus,
?
contrast
?
is
the general term for the property called
?
gamma
?
(Y),
which is
measured by making an H & D
curve for the process under study. (2) The range
of tones in
a photographic negative or
positive expressed as the ratio of the extreme
opacities or
transparencies or as the
difference between the extreme densities. This
range is more
properly described as
?
scale
?
or
?
latitude,
?
(3) The ability of a photographic
material,
developer
, or
process as a whole to differentiate among small
gradations in the tones of the
subject.
反差：
1)
描述正片中色调的分离的
一般术语，此与底片或被拍摄的物体的明暗分布有关。
因此
,
反差有关特性的一般术语称为
“
伽玛
”
（
γ
）
，
“
伽玛
”
（
γ
）是通过做一条
H&D
曲线研究
程序测定的。
2
）摄影底片或拷贝片中的色调范围，表示为阻光或透射的比值或密度极
值之
间的差别。这种范围表示为影调范围或宽容度更为合适。
3
）摄影材料经显影和冲洗整体影
调级度的区分能力。
Control Strip: A
short length of film containing a series of
densities to check on laboratory
procedures.
控制光楔：一段短的胶片，它包括一
系列不同的密度以检测洗印厂的冲洗。
Curve
(H&D): The characteristic curve developed by
Hurter and Driffield that depicts how
faithfully a photographic emulsion has
reproduced the tonal scale of the original scene.
H&D
曲线：由
Hunter
和
Driffield
发展的特性曲
线，它描述了光学乳剂是多么忠实地重现
原场景的影调。
Cyan: Blue-green; the
complement of red or the minus-red subtractive
used in three-color
processes.
< br>青色：蓝
-
绿：在三色处理中用的红色的补色。
D
D-Max: See Maximum Density.
D-Max:
见最高密度（
Maximum
Density
）
D-Min: See Maximum Density.
D-Min:
见最低密度（
Minimum
Denisty
）
Dailies: Picture and sound work prints
of a day
?
s shooting; usually
an untimed one-light
print made without
regard to color balance. Produced so that the
action can be checked
and the best
takes selected; usually shown before the next
day
?
s shooting begins.
工作样片：
一天的影像和声音工作拷贝片；
通常是
未配光的一个光号印片，
没有经过色彩平
衡制作成的。
它的制作可以使拍摄得到检查，
选出最好的；
通
常在下一天的摄制工作开始之
前放映。
Daylight: Light consisting
of a natural combination of sunlight and skylight
(approximately
6500 degrees K).
日光：包括太阳光和天空光源的自然组合的光线（大约
6500k
）
。
Definition: The clarity or distinctness
with which detail of an image is rendered;
fidelity of
reproduction of sound or
image.
清晰度：清晰度或分辨率，通过它影像的细节得以表现；对影像或声音进
行忠实地再现。
Densitometer: Instrument used to
measure the optical density of an area in a
processed
image by transmittance or by
reflectance.
密度计：通过透射光法或反射光法来测定被冲洗的影像区域
内的光学密度的一种仪器。
Densitometry:
Science of measuring the light-stopping
characteristics of film or filters.
密度测定，密度学：测定胶片或滤色片的阻光特性的科学。
Density: Light-stopping
characteristics of a film or a filter
.
The negative logarithm to the
base ten
of the transmittance (or reflectance) of a sample.
密度：胶片或滤色片的阻光特性。以
10
为底的样品的透射（或反射）的负对数。
Depth of Field: The range of object
distances within which objects are in sharp focus.
景深：物距的范围，在这个范围内物体可以获得令人满意的锐
利焦距影像。
Development: Process of making a
visible film image from the latent image produced
during exposure.
显影
:
使在曝光过程中得到的潜影生成可见影像的冲洗程序。
Dishing: Occurs when a
loosely or tightly wound roll of film slips
edgewise to form a
concave/convex dish
like form.
盘形
（卷片）
：
当整卷胶片轻松或较紧的卷片向边缘滑动时，
形成一种内凹<
/p>
/
外凸的盘子形状。
Dissolve: An optical or camera effect
in which one scene gradually fades out at the same
time that a second scene fades in.
There is an apparent double exposure during the
center
portion of a dissolve sequence
where the two scenes overlap.
叠化
:
一种光学或摄影效果，其中一
个场景慢慢地淡出，同时另一个场景逐渐淡入。在叠化
的中间，即两个场景重叠部分，会
明显地存在双重曝光。
Dupe:
An abbreviation for duplicate. A second-generation
negative.
复制片：复制胶片的缩写，是底片的第二代。
Dupe, Dupe Negative: A
duplicate negative made from a master positive by
printing and
development or from an
original negative by printing followed by reversal
development.
翻底片：一种复制的负片
,
由翻正片通过印片和冲洗得到，或由原底片通过印片和反转冲洗
之后得
到。
Dye: In
photography, the result of color processing in
which the silver grains or
incorporated
color couplers have been converted into the
appropriate dye to form part of
the
color image.
染料
:
在摄影中彩色冲洗的结果，
其银粒子或结合的彩色成色剂转化为合适的染料，
形成影
像的彩色部分。
E
Edge Numbers: Numbers on edges of film
that identify the film; used to help match
original film and sound to edited
workprints. Latent-image edge numbers are put on
by the
manufacturer
, and
appear during development. Printed edge numbers
are placed on the
film by the lab, and
can be coded for all materials so that any number
of picture and sound
rolls will have
the same sequence.
片边号码：
胶片边缘
的序号是识别胶片；
用于协助剪辑工作样片核对原片和声音的。
潜影的
片边号码被胶片生产商印到胶片上的，
所有的材料都有编
号，
这样让任何数量的影片和声带
都是一样的序列号。
Edgewax: Waxing
method recommended for lubricating release prints;
treatment is with a
solution of 50
grams of paraffin wax per litre of
trichloromethane applied only to the edges
of the emulsion side of the film.
片边腊润：用封腊的方法来润滑用于发行的拷贝；这种方法是用每升三氯乙烷溶解
< br>50
克石
蜡形成的溶液，只用于处理胶片的乳剂面的侧缘
。
Emulsion,
Emulsion Layer: (1) Broadly, any light sensitive
photographic material consisting
of a
gelatin emulsion containing silver halides
together with the base and any other layers
or ingredients that may be required to
produce a film having desirable mechanical and
photographic properties. (2) In
discussions of the anatomy of a photographic film,
the
emulsion layer is any coating that
contains light sensitive silver halide grains, as
distinguished from the backing, base,
substratum, or filter layers.
乳剂，乳剂层：
1
）广义上说，是指任何光敏感性的摄影材料，它包括含卤化银的明
胶乳剂
和片基以及其它层或组分结合在一起，后者可能是胶片具有要求的机械和摄影性能
所需要
的。
2
）在讨论摄影胶片的构造
时，乳剂层是任何一种包含光敏感性的卤化银颗粒的涂层，
与背层，片基，黏结层或滤层
有所区别。
Emulsion
Number: A number identifying a complete coating
from a single emulsion batch
or mixture
(refer appendix 1).
乳剂号：用来识别来自于单独乳剂或混合的完整的乳剂涂布。
Emulsion side: The side of
a film coated with emulsion.
乳剂面：胶片涂有乳剂的一侧。
Emulsion Speed: The photosensitivity of
a film, usually expressed as an index number
based on the film
manufacturer
?
s
recommendations for the use of the film under
typical
conditions of exposure and
development.
乳剂感光度：
胶片对光的敏感性，
通常为胶片制造商基于胶片在典型的曝光和冲洗条件下有
关胶片
使用建议的一种指数。
ESTAR
Base: The trade name applied to the polyethylene
terephthalate film base
manufactured by
Eastman Kodak Company.
ESTAR Base:
伊士曼柯达公司生产的聚乙烯对苯二酸酯胶片片基的商品名称。
Exposure Index (EI): Number
assigned to a film that expresses its relative
sensitivity to
light. The EI is based
on the film emulsion speed, a standard exposure
technique, and
specific processing
solutions.
曝光指数：指定给一种胶片的数值，它标明胶片对光的相对敏感
程度。
EI
值的基本设定包
括胶片乳剂
的速度，标准的曝光技术和特定的冲洗药液。
Exposure Latitude: Degree to which film
can be underexposed or overexposed and still
yield satisfactory results.
曝光宽容度：胶片在曝光不足或曝光过度时，却仍然能够产生令人满意的结果的程度。
Exposure Meter
,
Incident: A meter calibrated to read and integrate
all the light aimed at
and falling on a
subject within a large area. (Scale may be
calibrated in foot-candles or in
photographic exposure settings.)
曝光表（入射式）
：一种校准的测量仪器，用于在大范围内对集中和落在物体
上的所有的光
进行读取和整合。其单位可以用呎烛光或摄影曝光之设定校准。
Exposure
Meter
, Reflectance: A meter calibrated
to read the amount of light, within a more
restricted area, reflecting from the
surface of a subject or an overall scene. (Scale
may be
calibrated in foot-candles or in
photographic exposure settings.)
曝光表，反射
式：一种校准的测量仪器，
用于对有限范围内，
从物体表面或全
部场景反射出
的光量进行读数。其单位可以用呎烛光或摄影曝光之设定校准。
Exposure: Amount of
light that acts on photographic material; product
of illumination
intensity (controlled
by the lens opening) and duration (controlled by
the shutter opening
and the frame
rate).
曝光∶
照在摄影材料上的光量；是照明强度（由
镜头开口控制）和持续时间（由快门和片格
速度控制）综合作用的结果。
F
f-Number: A
symbol that expresses the relative aperture of a
lens. For example, a lens
having a
relative aperture of 1.7 would be marked f/1.7.
The smaller the f-number
, the
more light the lens transmits.
< br>f-
制光圈（值）∶
一个表示镜头的相对光圈的单位。例
如，一个相对光圈的单位为
1.7
的镜头
标记为
f/1.7
。
f
值越小，透镜透过的光越多。
Film Base: Flexible, usually
transparent, support on which photographic
emulsions are
coated.
片基：一种柔软的，通常是透明的基材，上面涂布了照相乳剂。
Film Code: (or product
code) is the four-digit number that the film
manufacturer assigns to
every film
product eg. 5279
胶片码：
（或者产品编码
）由胶片生产商制定给每款胶片产品（例如
5279
）是
4
位数字
Film Gate: Components that make up the
pressure and aperture plates in a camera,
printer
,
or
projector
.
片门：在摄影机，印片机或放映机用来
调整压力和片门板的零件。
Film Identification Code: Letter that
identifies film type (refer appendix 1).
胶片识别码：用于标记胶片型号的字母。
Film Perforation: Hole
punched at regular intervals for the length of
film, intended to be
engaged by pins,
pegs, and sprockets as the film is transported
through the camera,
projector
, or other
equipment.
片孔：
在胶片长度方向上按一定间隔打
出的孔，
这样当胶片通过摄影机、
放映机或其它设备
时，就可以被定位针、钉和扣片齿轮固定。
Film Speed: See Emulsion Speed.
胶片感光度
:
见乳剂感光度
.
Film Weave: The lateral displacement or
irregular and undesirable movement of the film as
it passes through the gate of a camera
projector
.
胶片晃动
:
当胶片通过电影放映机的镜头片门时
,
它的侧面移动或不规则也不必要的移动
.
Filter Layer: In a photographic film, a
thin, uniform, colored layer that is coated above
or
below the emulsion to serve as a
light filter
. It controls the spectral
quality of the light
reaching the
emulsion.
滤层
:
在摄影
胶片中的一种薄的
,
均一的
,
彩色的涂层
,
它涂在乳剂的上面或下面
,
担任滤光作
用
;
它控制到达乳剂光源的光谱质量
.
Final Cut: Last editing of a workprint
before conforming is done or before sound
workprints
are mixed.
最后剪辑
:
工作拷贝在套片或混入声音之前的最后一次编辑。
First Print: The first
trial composite (married) print containing both
picture and sound for
the purpose of
checking picture and sound quality.
第一拷
贝：
第一个试验的组合拷贝片，
既包括影像也包括声音，
用于检验影像和声音的品质。
Fixing: The removal of unexposed silver
halides from the film during processing.
定影：在冲洗过程中，除去胶片上未曝光的卤化银。
Flashing: Technique for lowering
contrast by giving a slight uniform exposure to
film before
processing.
闪光：胶
片在冲洗前进行一次轻微均匀的曝光来降低反差的技术。
Flat: An image is said to be flat if
its contrast is too low. Flatness is a defect that
does not
necessarily affect the entire
density scale of a reproduction to the same
degree. Thus, a
picture may be flat in
the highlight areas, or flat in the shadow
regions, or both.
平调：如果一个影像的反差太低，我们就说它太
“
平
”
了。它
是一种缺陷，但并不影响同样程
度下的复制的整个密度范围。因此，影片可能在亮部的区
域是
“
平的
”
，或在暗部是
“
平的
”
，
或在这两个区域都是
“
平的
。
”
Fog: Darkening or discoloring of a
negative or print, or lightening or discoloring of
a
reversal material. Causes include
accidental exposure to light or X-rays,
overdevelopment,
using outdated film,
and storing film in a hot, humid place.
灰雾：
底片或拷贝片变暗或变色，
或者是反转片变亮或变色。
产生这种现象的原因包括偶然
在光线或
X-
光下曝光，过度显影，使用了过期的胶片或在热和潮湿的地方储存胶片。
Footage Numbers:
Also called edge numbers. Sequential numbers which
are pre-exposed
or printed in ink at
regular intervals on the edge of the film outside
or in between the
perforations.
呎数码：
也叫做片边数码。
以固定的间隔，
在胶片外部的边缘上或齿孔之间预先曝光或印刷
的序列数字。
Force-Process:
Develop film for longer than the normal time to
compensate for
underexposure.
增感冲洗：用比正常时间要长的时间冲洗胶片，以补偿曝光不足。
Format: The size or aspect
ratio of a motion picture frame.
画幅尺寸：电影片格的尺寸或画幅比例。
Frame Line Marking: A mark placed on
the edge of the film between every fourth
perforation as an aid to splicing in
frame when no image or frame line is visible. On
70 mm
film, a small punched hole placed
between every fifth perforation.
片格分隔线标
记：
在胶片边缘上，
每四个齿孔之间标示的记号，
它可以在没有影像或片格线
看不见的时候帮助连接片格。在
< br>70mm
胶片上，使每五个齿孔之间有一个小的打孔。
Frame-Index Marker: (35mm
only) Hyphen which occurs every four perforations
to help
locate position of frame line,
especially in low-light level scenes. To use:
Locate frame line.
Determine whether it
is offset from index marker by 0, +1, +2 or +3
perforations. Use this
offset to find
frame line elsewhere in scene. Note: The frame-
index marker is not printed
when it
interferes with any other edgeprint information
(refer appendix 1).
片格索引标记：
（只限
35mm
）连字号每四片孔出现
一次来帮助确定片格线的位置，特别是
适用于光线暗的镜头。作用是：确定片格线的位置
。确定它是否以
0
，
+1
，
+2
或
+3
的片孔
次序印制索引标记的。
运用这个印记来找到片
格线在镜头中所处的位置。
备注
:
当
片格索引
标记受到其他片边标记的干扰时
,
将不能印制出来
.
Front
End: General terms for all production and
preparation work up to the Answer Print
stage before Release Printing.
前期制作
:
用于发行拷贝之前的到标
准拷贝阶段的所有制作与准备工作的通用术语
.
G
Gain, Screen: The measure of a
screen
?
s ability to reflect
the light incident to it. A perfect
screen would reflect back all the light
that was incident to it at all angles. Such a
screen
would have a gain of 1.0 In
practical use, however
, most matte
screens that allow wide
viewing angles
have a gain of about 0.85 Special metallized or
directional screens can
provide up to
about 15 times more reflected light than a common
matte screen, but their
viewing angles
are generally very limited, making them unsuitable
for most theatrical
applications.
(
银幕
)
增益
:
银幕对入射光的反射能力的一种度量。一个完美的银幕会反射所有的任
何角度
的入射光。这样的一个银幕的增益值为
1.0
。但是，在实际应用中，绝大多数粗糙的宽视角
的银幕的增益值只有大约<
/p>
0.85
。
特殊金属化的或有方向性的银
幕可以比普通的银幕能产生的
反射光要多
15
< br>倍，但它们的视角却非常有限，这就使得它们在大多数影院中并不适用。
Gamma:
Measurement of the contrast of an image,
representing the slope of the
straight-
line portion of the characteristic curve.
< br>反差系数：影像反差的测定，以特性曲线的直线部分的斜率表示。
Gate: The aperture assembly
at which the film is exposed in a camera, printer
or project.
片门：在摄影机、印片机或放映机中的一个小孔径，
，当胶片通过可被曝光。
Gate Tension: The resistance to film
movement produced by adjustable spring-loaded
rails
in the projector gate.
片门张力：胶片移动的阻力，由放映机镜头片门中可调整的弹簧负载轨道所产生。
Gelatin Filter (Gel): A
light filter consisting of a gelatin sheet in
which light-absorbing
pigment or dye is
incorporated.
明胶滤色片：一种滤色片，由胶质片组成，内含吸收光的
色素或染料。
Graininess: The character of a
photographic image when, under normal viewing
conditions,
it appears to be made up of
distinguishable particles, or grains. This is due
to the grouping
together
, or
?
clumping
?
of the individual silver grains, which are by
themselves far too small
to be
perceived under normal viewing conditions.
颗粒性：摄影影像的特性，在通常的视觉条件下，
它表现出由可分辨的颗粒或粒
子组成。这
是由于它们组合在一起，
或单个银粒子聚成
“
团块
”
，这些单个的
银粒子本身大小，
在通常的
视觉条件下不能被感知。
Granularity: Non-
uniformity in a photographic image that can be
measured with a
densitometer
.
颗粒度：
一个摄影影像的非均匀性，可以通过密度计进行测定。
Gray Card: A commercially
prepared card that reflects 18 percent of the
light hitting it.
Visually it appears
neutral, or a middle gray i.e., halfway between
black and white.
灰卡：一种商业上制造
的卡片，它反射
18%
的照射光源。从视觉上看，它是中性灰，
或者
是介于黑色和白色之间的一种灰色。
Guillotine Splicer: Device
used for butt-splicing film with splicing tape.
裁切接片机：用于将胶片截断面以胶带接在一起的设备。
H
Halation: A
defect of photographic films and plates. Light
forming an image on the film is
scattered by passing through the
emulsion or by reflection at the emulsion or base
surfaces.
This scattered light causes a
local fog that is especially noticeable around
image of light
sources or sharply
defined highlight areas.
光晕：
摄影胶片的一种缺陷。
在胶片上产生影像的光在通过乳剂时发散，
或在乳剂和片基表
面发生发射。
这种散射光产生了局部的灰雾
，
在光源附近的影像或界限清晰的高亮度区域特
别明显。
High-Speed Camera:
A camera designed to expose film at rates faster
than 24 frames per
second. Used to
obtain slow- motion effects.
高速摄影机：设计用来
比每秒
24
个片格速度更快地曝光胶片的摄影机。用于产生慢镜
头效
果。
Highlights:
Visually the brightest, or photometrically the
most luminant areas of a subject.
In
the negative image, the areas of greatest density;
in the positive image, the areas of
least density.
高光部分：
< br>最高的，
或光度测定值最大的发光体物体的某一部分。
在
负像中，是密度最大的
区域；在正像中，是密度最小的区域。
Hue: Sensation of the color itself;
measured by the dominant wavelength.
色调：色彩自身的感觉；由决定色彩的波长测定。
Humidity: A term referring to the
presence or absence of moisture in the
air
. For instance,
low
humidity describes conditions in a desert.
Conversely, high humidity is related to
tropical rain forest conditions.
湿度：指空气中存在或缺乏湿气的一个术语。例如：湿度低描述的是沙漠中的条件。反之，
高的湿度与热带雨林条件相连。
I
Idle Roller: Free turning non-
sprocketed rollers for guiding film through its
appropriate
path.
空转轮：自由转动的，
非扣片的卷轴，用于引导胶片通过正确的路径。
Illuminant: Light source used to
project the film image or to expose the film.
发光体：用于放映影片的影像或曝光胶片的光源。
Image, Latent Image: The invisible
image formed in a camera or printer by the action
of
light on a photographic emulsion.
影像，潜影：由于光的作用在摄影机或印片机内在照相乳剂上所形成的不可见影像。
Infrared: Nonvisible, long
wavelength radiation from a carbon or xenon arc
that
contributes to the heating of the
film and equipment.
红外线：从碳弧灯或氙弧发出的不可见的、
长波长的辐射，它对胶片和设备传送热量。
Intermediate: Film used only for making
duplicates from which other duplicates or prints
are made. Does not include camera
films.
中间片：仅仅用于从已完成制作的复制胶片或拷贝片来进行复制。不包括
摄影底片。
Intermediate Sprocket:
An intermittently rotated sprocket, which
positions the film in the
aperture of a
projector and moves it after the exposure cycle. <
/p>
中间输片齿轮：
一种间歇旋转的扣片齿轮，
它将胶片定位在放映机的片门中，
并且在曝光周
期后移动胶片
。
Intermittent: Not
continuous but equally spaced (sometimes random)
motion, as the
intermittent (24 fps)
motion of film through a projector
.
断续、间歇：当胶片以间歇的运动（
24
格<
/p>
/
秒）
，通过放映机时产生的不连续但是
等速（有时
候是不规则）的运动。
Internegative (IN): A negative copy
made from the interpositive. The Internegative,
also
known as, a dupe negative (DN) can
be printed with one-light (one set of timing
lights)
since all color corrections
were made in the interpositive (IP). This
facilitates high speed
printing for
theatrical releases.
中间负片：
底片
拷贝通过中间正片得到的。
中间负片也称作翻底片，
由于全部色
彩校对都已
经在中间正片上了，
所以通过一个光源（一组配光光
号）
就可以进行拷贝。
这样方便了影院
发行的拷贝高速印制。
Interpositive (IP): The original cut
negative for a feature film is printed onto
intermediate
stock to create a color
interpositive (or master positive). The same color
timing for making
the answer print is
used here. With the IP in hand, an Internegative
(IN or DN) is made
which becomes the
printing master or dupe negative (DN) for making
multiple release
prints.
中间正片
:
一部原版间接好的底片通
过翻印到中间底片上来得到彩色的中间正片（或者翻
正片）
。在
这个环节里使用同样的配光方式制作校正拷贝。有了中间正片，可以制作中间底
片，
而它用作拷贝母片或是翻底片来制作大量的发行拷贝。
J
K
Keykode: Edge numbers in machine-
readable barcode form.
机器可辨别片边码：以机器可读取的星条码为格式的片边玛
Key Light: The main illumination of the
subject.
主光：给物体的主要照明
Key Numbers: See EDGE NUMBERS.
片边号码：请见片边码
L
Laboratory: A facility that specializes
in processing and printing film, sometimes
offering
additional services such as
editing and film storage.
洗印厂：专门负责冲洗和印片
的工厂，有时可以提供额外的服务如剪辑和影片储存。
Latent Image: Invisible image in
exposed, undeveloped film; results from exposure
to light.
潜影：在已曝光的，未冲洗的底片上不可见的影像；由曝光产生。
Latitude: In a photographic
press, the range of exposure over which
substantially correct
reproduction is
obtained. When the process is represented by an H
& D curve, the latitude
is the
projection on the exposure axis of that part of
the curve, which approximates a
straight line within the tolerance
permitted for the purpose at hand.
宽容度：
在拍摄过程中，用以得到实质上正确的重现的曝光范围。当此过程用
H&D
曲线表
示时，
在曝光轴上它落在曲线上近似为直线的
部分，
这一部分近似的直线为拍摄目的所允许
的范围内。
Leader: Any film or strip of
material used for threading a motion picture
machine. Leader
may consist of short
lengths of blank film attached to the ends of a
print to protect the
print from damage
during the threading of a projector
, or
it may be a long length of any
kind of
film which is used to establish the film path in a
processing machine before the use
of
the machine for processing film.
牵引片：作为
电影机器穿片的任何胶片或片条。它可能由连在影片尾部的短的空白片组成，
以防止影片
在放映机内穿片的过程中损坏，
或者它也可能是各种长片，
用在
洗片机冲洗胶片
之前，用来建立胶片带动路径。
Light Filter: A light-absorbing
transparent sheet, commonly consisting of colored
glass or
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