unit8knowledgeandwisdom练习答案综合教程三

Unit 8 Knowledge and Wisdom

Key to the Exercises

Text comprehension

I.

Decide which of the following best states the author's argument.

II. Judge,

according

to

the

text,

whether

the

following

statements

are

true

or

false.

1.

F

(Refer

to

Paragraph

2.

The

study

of

the

composition

of

atoms,

or

the

development

of

the

atom

bomb,

for

example,

has

placed

in

the

hands

of

powerful

lunatics

the

means

to destroy the human race.)

2.

T

(Refer

to

Paragraph

2.

This

has

become

more

difficult

than

it

used

to

be

owing

to

the

extent

and

complexity

of

the

specialized

knowledge

required

of

various

kinds

of technicians.)

3.

T

(Refer

to

Paragraph

3.

Although

he

had

a

comprehensive

knowledge

of

history,

he was still partial as the chief lesson of history which he sought to inculcate

was

that

from

the

year

400AD

down

to

his

own

time

Germany

had

been

the

most

important

nation and the standard-bearer of progress in the world.)

4.

F

(Refer

to

Paragraph

4.

It

is

true

that

both

Mr.

A

and

Mr.

B

possess

some

vices

of

their

respective

kinds,

but

the

fact

does

not

prove

that

they

are

wise

or

unwise.)

5.

F (Refer to paragraph 5. The mistake lies in the extremity of the statement.

According

to

Russell,

man

cannot

free

himself

entirely

from

the

physical

and

emotional

need,

so

one

can

only

grow

in

wisdom,

which

itself

is

a

matter

of

degree.)

III.

Answer the following questions.

1.

Refer

to

Paragraph

2.

A

sense

of

proportion

could

be

seen

as

the

ability

to

take

into full consideration

all important factors in an issue and

attach due weight

to

each factor.

2. Refer to Paragraphs 1 and 2. In the first place, they are examples of the idea

raised

at

the

very

beginning

of

the

text:

our

age

far

surpasses

all

previous

ages

in

knowledge,

there

has

been

no

correlative

increase

in

wisdom.

The

problem,

according to the essay, is partly due to the fact that it is now more difficult to

acquire a sense of proportion, or the ability to assign appropriate weights to

various factors, thus achieving balance. In consequence, breakthroughs in science

are likely to bring about harms if humankind fails to see the end of science and

consider everything in a comprehensive manner.

3. Refer

to

Paragraphs

1

to

4.

According

to

Russell,

the

vices

of

the

lack

of

wisdom

are

obvious

and

palpable,

ranging

from

disturbance

to

public

life,

most

notably

the

C

upset

of

world

peace,

to

unpleasant

incidents

in

private

life.

Meanwhile,

there

seems

to be an imbalance in the growth of knowledge and wisdom, which is very likely to

make things even worse. So, wisdom is necessary for both personal and cultural

developments.

4. Refer

to

Paragraph

5.

According

to

Russell,

the

essence

of

wisdom

is

impartiality,

or emancipation from egoistic or temporal concerns. It is naturally difficult for

man

to

attain

impartiality,

as

man

is

naturally

bound

up

by

his

own

physical

states

from

his

birth.

As

he

grows

up,

however,

his

horizon

widens,

his

concerns

get

beyond

the limits of time and space, and his feelings become more impersonal, hence the

growth of impartiality and wisdom.

5. Apart from the fact that it is one of the ingredients of wisdom, impartiality

is

also

the

basis

of

rationality,

for

irrationality

is

normally

based

on

partiality.

IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.

1.

It would be unwise to pursue a goal that is bound to fail, although it might

be noble to do so.

2.

I

think

the

essence

of

wisdom

is

to

get

one's

horizon

free

from

the

confinement

of time and space.

Structural analysis of the text

Paragraph

2:

Of

these

I

should

put

first

a

sense

of

proportion:

the

capacity

to

take

account

of

all

the

important

factors

in

a

problem

and

to

attach

to

each

its

due

weight.

Paragraph 3: There must be, also, a certain awareness of the ends of human life.

Paragraph 4: It is needed in the choice of ends to be pursued and in emancipation

from personal prejudice.

Paragraph

5:

I

think

the

essence

of

wisdom

is

emancipation,

as

far

as

possible,

from

the tyranny of the here and now.

Four

factors

that

constitute

wisdom:

comprehensiveness

mixed

with

a

sense

of

proportion;

a

full

awareness

of

the

goals

of

human

life;

avoidance

of

blindness

and

prejudice in private life; impartiality.

Rhetorical features of the text

The

capacity

to

take

account

of

all

the

important

factors

in

a

problem

and

to

attach

to each its due weight. (Paragraph 2)

This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and

lowering the standard of life in the most populous parts of the world. (Paragraph

2)

Perhaps

one

could

stretch

the

comprehensiveness

that

constitutes

wisdom

to

include

not only intellect but also feeling. (Paragraph 3)

It is not only in public ways, but in private life equally, that wisdom is needed.

(Paragraph 4)

Vocabulary exercises

I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.

1.

consider

(when

judging

a

situation)/take

into

consideration,

give

proper

value

to each/attach adequate importance to each

2. Certainly/Very probably, brought a good and helpful effect to mankind, in

reality/in actual situations

3. talk (disapprovingly) about something less worthy or less important, destroy

or ruin each other

4. connected with/dependent on

5. accordingly

II.

Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its

appropriate form.

1. pursue

2. ceased

3. attainable

4. enmity

5. populous 6. surpassed

7. impartial

III.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.

2. undesirable

1. beneficiaries

8. appallingly

3. horizontally 4. descendants

5. increasingly 6. philosophical

7. unduly

8. standardization

IV. Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or

collocation taken from the text.

1. required of

2. sought to

3. descended to

4. put first

5. contributed to

6. engage in

7. conferred

8. upon

9. bound up with

V. Give

a

synonym

or

an

antonym

of

the

word

underlined

in

each

sentence

in

the

sense