paradigmatic and syntagmatic relation

1) paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations

纵聚合和横组合关系

2) structuralism

横纵聚合

3) paradigmatic

纵聚合

1.

Language is a system of symbols based on relations,among which syntagmatic

and

paradigmatic

relations are the most universal and important ones.

语言是一个以关系为基础的符号系统

,

而横组合和纵聚合关系是这个系统中最普遍、最核心

的关系。

4) paradigmatic axis

纵聚合轴

5) paradigmatic relation

纵聚合关系

1.

By introducing syntagmatic and

paradigmatic relation

s and the related lexico-grammar

notion and grammatiealization,the article argues that the the choice for constructiing

language structure,which involves mental process,should be made on the basis of the

knowledge of the different levels of meaning that the language units indicate.

通过介绍语言系统中的横组 合关系和纵聚合关系以及与它们相关的词汇

-

语法概念和语法化

,

提出语言结构的建构是一种涉及心智的活动

< br>,

是在了解语言单位具有的不同的层级意义的基

础上做出 的选择。

2.

This paper is an attempt to apply the theory of syntagmatic and

paradigmatic relation

s

in linguistic context to translation studies.

本文尝试把语言学中有关横组合和纵聚合关 系的语境理论运用于翻译研究

,

通过实例说明

其对确定原文词义的重要意义。

paradigmatic vs syntagmatic relationship

Basic linguistic relationships which describe the complex structure of a

language system. Paradigmatic relationships between linguistic

elements can be established by use of the

substitution test

at the

vertical level. Thus the initial consonants in

beer, deer, peer

form a

paradigmatic class, as well as words such as

today

and

tomorrow

in the

sentence:

She will arrive today/tomorrow

.

Syntagmatic relationships are defined by the ability of elements to be

combined horizontally (linearly), e.g. the relationship between

She will

arrive

and

today

. De Saussure (1916) called

paradigmaticrelationships

‘associative’

relationships, because they

represent therelationship between individual elements in specific

environments with such elements in the memory which can

potentially replacethem. Paradigmatic relationships are based on the

criteria of selection and distribution of linguistic elements, and are, for

example, the basis for establishing the

phoneme inventory

of a

language through the construction of

minimal pairs

,

the replacement