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高职高专英语语法结构表
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语法表如下:
附表三
语法结构表
一、本表列出了英语课程教学中学生需掌握的语法知识。
p>
二、
本表所规定的是学生应该掌握的语法知识和技能范围,
并不要求在教学中对所列全部项
目进行专题讲授。语法教学的重点是培养
学生实际使用语法的能力。
Symbols
&
Abbreviations
Nomenclature
N
Noun
Pron
Pronoun
Num
Numeral
Art
Article
Prep
Preposition
Adj
Adjective
Ad
Adverb
Det
Determiner
V
Verb
V-ing1
Gerund
V-lng2
Present participle
V-ed1
Past form of
verb
V-ed2
Past Participle
To V
Infinitive
S
Subject
O
Object
Oi
Indirect object
Od
Direct object
Cs
Subject complement
Co
Object
complement
Wh-words
who
,
when
,
where
,
how
,
why
,
which
,
whet
her
Conj
Conjunction
Exc
Exclamation
(名词)
:
l.1 Classes of
N
:
countable vs
.
p>
uncountable
(名词的种类:可数名词与
不可数名词
)
l.2
Number of N
(名词的数)
1.3 Irregular
plurals
(不规则复数)
1.4 Genitive case of N
(名词的
p>
所有格
)
l.5
Double genitive
(
双重所有格
)
e.g. a portrait of
's(cf. a portrait of )
n
(代词)
2.1 Personal pronoun
(
人称代词
)
2.2
Demonstrative pronoun
(
指示代词
p>
)
2.3 Possessive pr
onoun
(
物主代词
)
2.4 Reflexive pronoun
(
反身代词
)
2.5 Interrogative pronoun
(
p>
疑问代词
)
2.6 Indefinite pronoun
(
不定代词
)
2.7
Reciprocal pronoun
(
相互代词
)
2.8 Relative pronoun
(
关系代词
)
l
(
数词
)<
/p>
3.1 Cardinal and ordinal num
bers
(
基数词
和
< br>序数词
)
3.2 Perce
ntage
(
百分数
)
3.3
Fraction
(分数)
3.4
Decimal
(小数)
3.5
Multiple
(倍数)
3.6
Year
,
Month
,
Date ,Time
(年份、月份、日期、时刻)
iner
(
限定词
)
4.1 Definite and
indefinite articles
(
定冠词
和
不定冠词
)
4.2 any
,
all
,
both
,
each
p>
,
every
,
e
ither
,
neither
,
no
,
this
,<
/p>
etc
.
4.3 Quantifiers
(
数
量词
)
e.g.
many
,
a piece of
,<
/p>
etc
.
ition
(介词)
5.1 Simple
Preposition
(简单介词)
5.2 Compound
Preposition
(复合介词)
ive
(形容词)
6.1 Syntactic function of
Adj
(形容词的句法功能)
6.2
Adj
+
Prep
6.3
Adj
+
to V
6.4
Adj
十
that-clause
6.5 Too
+
Adj
十
to V
6.6 Adj
+
enough
+
to V
6.7 so
+
Adj
十
as
+
to V
(副词)
7.1 Syntactic function of
Adv
(副词的句法功能)
7.2
Adverbs with or without-ly
(带
-ly
和不带
-ly
的副词)
e.g. high
,
highly
;
most
,
mostly
,
etc
.
7.3 Position of
adverbs
(副词的位置)
comparative and superlative degrees of
Adj/Adv
(形容词和副词的比较级和最高级)
classes
(动词)
9.1 Transitive and intransitive verbs
p>
(及物动词和
不及物动词
)
9.2 Auxiliaries and modal auxiliar
ies
(
助动词
和
情态动词
)
9.3
Phrasal Verbs
(
短语动词
)
e.g. depend on ,turn out
,catch up with, etc.
(时态)
10.1 Simple present
,
< br>past
,
future
(
p>
一般现在时
、
一般过去时
< br>、
一般将来时
)
10.2 present and past progressive
(
现在进行时
和
过去进行时
)
10.3 Future Pro
gressive
(
将来进行时
)
p>
10.4 Present and past perfect
(
现在完成时
和
过去完成时
)
10.5
Future perfect
(
将来完成时
< br>)
10.6 Present perfect pr
ogressive
(
现在完成进行时
)
10.7 Past perfect progress
ive
(
过去完成进行时
)
e voice
(
被动
语态
)
11.1 Passive
voice in simple tenses
(
被动语态<
/p>
的
一般式
)
11.2 Passive voice in perfect and
progressive tenses
(
被动语态
的完成式和
进行式
)
11.3 Passive voice of phrasal verbs
(
短语动词
的被动语态)
11.4 Passive voice of modal verbs
(含
情态动词
的被动语态)
ctive mood
(
虚拟语
气
)
12.1 in
conditional sentences
(用于
条件句<
/p>
中)
12.1.l if
+
V-ed1
……
woul
d
+
V
12.1.2 if
+
had
+
V-ed
2
……
would
+
< br>have
+
V-ed2
12.l.3
if
+
should/were to
+
V
,…
would
< br>+
V
12.l.4 omission of if<
/p>
(
if
的省略)
12.2 in the following that-clause after
(用于下列动词的
that
宾语从句中
)
:
wish
,
demand
,
suggest<
/p>
,
etc
.
<
/p>
It
+
be
+<
/p>
suggested /desirable
.
< br>etc
.
suggestio
n
,
recommendation
,
etc
.
12.3 In the following clauses and
construction
(用于下列从句和结构中)
as if
+
clause
,
as though
+
clause
It is time that
would rather
V
(<
/p>
Infinitive
动词不定式
)
p>
13.1 as subject
,
p>
object
,
attribute
and
complement
(用作主语、宾语、定语和补足语)
13.2 Indicating
purpose/result
(表示目的/结果)
13.3 It
+(
be
)+
Adj
(+
for
p>
+
sb.
)+
to
V
13.4 wh-
words
+
to V(phrase)
(
疑问词
加不定式[短语]
)
13.5 to be
+
< br>V-ed2
,
to
have
+
V-ed2, to be
+
V-ing2
(不定式的被动式、完成式和
< br>进行式
)
14.V-ing1
(
Gerund
动名词
)
14.1 as
object
,
subject and
predicative
(用作宾语、主语和表语)
14.2 Prep
+
V-ing1
14.3 It
+
be
+…+
V-ing1
14.4 N/Pron or
their Possessive
+
V-ing1 as
subject and object
(名词/代词或其
所有
格
加
动名词
作主语和宾语)
14.5
Prep
+
N/Pron or their possess
ive
+
V-ing1
;
(介词加名词/代词或其
所有格
加
< br>动名词
)
14.6 Bein
g
+
V-ed2
,
having
+
V
-
ed2
(动名词的被动式和完成式)
15.V-ing2 and V-ed2(present and past pa
rticiple
现在分词
和过去分词
)
15.1 as premodifier and postmodifier
in a noun Phrase
(作名词的前位和后位
修饰
语
)
15.2
as
complement
(作补足语)
15.3
as an
adverb clause
equivalent
(作状语)
15.4
when
/
While
,
etc.
p>
+
V-ing2
/
V
-
ed2
(
when
/
while
等十
现在分词
或过去分词)
15.5
(
with
)
N
+
V-ing2/V-ed2([with]
十名词十
现在分词
或过去分词
)
15.6
being
+
V-ed2,having
+
V-ed
2,having
been
+
V
p>
-
ed2
as
an
adverb
or
adjective
clause equivalent<
/p>
(现在分词的被动式、完成式和完成被动式作状语或定语从句)
sentence Patterns and sentence element
s
(基本句型和
句子成分
)
Pattern
l
:
S
+
V
Pattern 2
:
S
+
V
+
Cs
pattern 3
:
S
+
V
十
0
Pattern 4
:
S
+
V
+
Oi
+
Od
Pattern 5
:
S
十
V
+<
/p>
Od
+
Co
ormation of basic sentence
patterns(
基本句型转换
)
17.l Interrogative
form
(疑问形式)
17.2
Negative form
(否定形式)
17.3 Imperative form
(
命令形
式)
17.4
Passive form
(被动形式)
be
(
There
be
结构)
18.1 There<
/p>
+(
be
)+
N
+
Adv
18.2 There
will-/modal V
十
be/exist(s)/s
eem
(
s
)
to be appear
(
s
)
p>
to be
十
N
+
Adv
18.3 There
(
p>
be
)+
N
+
p>
Adj
/
V-ing2/V-ed2/to
V
/
relative clause
ent
(一致关系)
19.1 Between subject and predicate
V
(主语和谓语动词的一致关系)
19.2 Between pronoun and its antecedent
(代词与其
先行词
的一致关系)