英语语法框架 详细总结

语法框架

一、

词法

英语语法框架概

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数量：

1 0

大类

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分类依据：形式特征、意义、句法作用

词类

名词

代词

实词

动词

Notional

形容词

word

副词

数词

虚词

Empty

word

冠词

介词

连词

感叹词

Noun

Pronoun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

Numeral

Article

Proposition

Conjunction

Injection

定义

表示事物名称的词

代替名词或名词所有格的词

表示动作或状态的词

表示人或事物性质特征的词

表示动作、状态、性质的程度的词

表示数目或顺序的词

名词前，说明名词含义

名词或代词之间，表关系

连接，

“关节”之意

情感态度的词

例词

Market, people, water, information

I, me, we, your, hers, all, nothing

Are, do, go, eat

Young, fast, excellent

Very, well, always

One, first, thousand

A, an, the

Of, to, after,

And, but, if

Oh, ah, well

二、

句法

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分类方法：

按成分、按类别

1.

句子成分

成分

主语

subject

——

“谁”

“什么”

动作或状态的发出者

充当词

例句

名词

Noun

The sun gives us light and heat.

人称代词

Personal pronoun

We love life.

物主代词

Possessive pronoun

Your idea is good, but mine is better.

指示代词

Demonstrative pronoun

This is my favorite teacher.

疑问代词

Interrogative pronoun

What

is

the

most

important

thing

in

your

life?

不定代词

Indefinite pronoun

Nobody can stop me studying.

基数词

Cardinal numeral

Two of you are my best students.

序数词

Ordinal numeral

The second is my sister.

形容词

Adjective

The

old

should

be

taken

care

of

in

our

country.

不定式

Infinitive

To talk is easier than to do.

动名词

Gerund

Helping others can bring us happiness.

从句

clause

What you did is better than what you said.

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语法框架

谓语

predicate

——

主语的动作或状态

宾语

object

——

及物动词或及物动词短

语的对象或内容

实意动词

联系动词

Notional verb

Linking verb

We

plan

to

review

our

lessons

in

three

months.

We are Chinese.

名词

Noun

Nowadays

many

foreigners

are

learning

Chinese.

人称代词

Personal pronoun

He fools us all.

反身代词

Reflexive pronoun

Believe in yourself.

指示代词

Demonstrative pronoun

I thank you will like this.

疑问代词

Interrogative pronoun

Who are you waiting for?

不定代词

Infinitive pronoun

They got everything they want.

物主代词

Possessive pronoun

He is an old friends of hers.

相互代词

Reciprocal pronoun

We should learn to respect each other.

形容词

Adjective

That news will make mother happy.

副词

Adverb

Let me show you out.

宾语补足语

名词

Noun

We chose Tom our monitor.

object complement

——

介词短语

Prepositional phrase

Jerry found him in a strange world.

宾语之后，补充说明

不定式

Infinitive

Do not force me to do anything I don

’

t like.

现在分词

Present participle

Don’t

keep me waiting too long.

过去分词

Past participle

They ran away and left the work unfinished.

表语

predictive

——

说明主语，

“补足语”

形容词

Adjective

副词

Adverb

指示代词

Demonstrative pronoun

疑问代词

Interrogative pronoun

不定代词

Indefinite pronoun

基数词

Cardinal numeral

序数词

Ordinal numeral

介词短语

Prepositional phrase

不定式

Infinitive

动名词

Gerund

现在分词

Present participle

过去分词

Past participle

从句

clause

The mountains are green.

Time is up.

What I want is this.

I wander who you are.

It is nothing serious.

Two plus two is four.

My mother is always the first to get up.

The watch is just under the table.

My job is to clean the road.

His bobby is collecting stamps.

The result is disappointing.

We are disappointed to the result.

That is what IQ means.

定语

attribute

——

修饰名词或代词

名词

Noun

He works in a car factory.

形容词

Adjective

Now the world is just like a small village.

副词

Adverb

The native there are very friendly.

物主代词

Possessive pronoun

Their invention won the world prize.

指示代词

Demonstrative pronoun

These wild plants are well protected.

疑问代词

Interrogative pronoun

Which river is the longest in the world?

不定代词

Indefinite pronoun

Both his parents are doctors.

基数词

Cardinal numeral

The organization contains eight countries.

序数词

Ordinal numeral

He was the fifth player to receive the honor.

介词短语

Prepositional phrase

Many secrets in space remain unknown.

不定式

Infinitive

So I have nothing to say for myself.

动名词

Gerund

I bought a walking stick for my grandfather.

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