-
|
代词语法整理
■代词的定义和特征
代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分词和句子的词。
1)Because he had a bad
cold
,
Jack decided to stay in
bed the whole day. (
代词
he
代
替名词
Jack)
2)The Browns said they might move to
California. (
代词
they
代替名词短语
the Browns)
3)Bob
always
answers
his
teacher’s
questions
well;
t
hat
shows
that
he
works
very
hard at home. (
< br>代词
that
代替前面的分句
)
代词之间有两点共同之处:
第一,它
们
本身的词义都很弱,必须从上下文来确定;
第二,许多代词都有两种功用:
一可单独取代名词的位置,二可起修饰语的作用
。
■代词的种类
代词可分为八类:
1)
人称代词
(personal pronoun)
a)
主格:
I
,
< br>you
,
he
,
she
,
it
,
we
,
you
,
they
b)
宾格:
m
e
,
you
,
him
,
her
,
it
,
us
,
you
,
them
2)
物主代词
(possessive
pronoun)
a)
形容词性物主代词:
< br>my
,
your
,
his
,
her
,
its
,
our
,
p>
your
,
their
< br>b)
名词性物主代词:
mine
,
yours
,
his
,
hers
,
its
,
ours
,
your
s
,
theirs
3)
反身代词
(reflexive
pronoun)
:
myself
p>
,
yourself
,
himself
,
herself
,
itself
,
ourselves
,
yourselves
,
themselves
,
oneself
4)
相互代词
(reciprocal
pronoun)
:
each
other
,
one another
5)
指示代词
(demonstrative pronou
n)
:
this
,
that
,
these
,
those
,
it
,<
/p>
such
,
same
< br>6)
疑问代词
(interrogative pron
oun)
:
who
,
< br>whom
,
whose
,
which
,
what
7)
关系代词
(relative p
ronoun)
:
who
,
whom
,
whose
,
which
,
that
,
as
8)
不定代词
(indefinite
pronoun)
:
some
,
something
,
somebody
,
someone
,
any
,
anything
,
anybody
,
a
nyone
,
no
,
< br>nothing
,
nobody
,
no
one
,
every
,
everything
,
everyone
,
everyb
ody
,
each
,
< br>much
,
many
,
little
,
a little
,
few
,
a few
p>
,
other
,
a
nother
,
all
,
none
,
one
,
both
,
either
,
neither
一、人称代词
1
、人称代词的形式
(
见下表
)
2
、人称代词的作用
人称代词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语等。
(1)
人称代词作主语时用主格
I lost my wallet in the park.
(2)
人称代词作宾语时用宾格
I saw you in the street.
(3)
人称代词作表语时一般用宾格
Who is knocking at the
door
?
It’s me.
|
3
、在
使用人称代词时有下面几点注意
:
(
1)we
,
you
两词有时泛指一般人
,指大家。
You never know what
may happen.
(2)she
可以用来代表国家、船
只、大地、月亮等。
I think Chinese
will do what she promised to do.
(3)I
在并列的主语中,总放最后。
(4)it
有许多用法
(a)
代表已提到过的一件事物。
I love swimming. It keeps me fit.
(b)
当说话者不知道对方的性别时,可用
it<
/p>
来表示。
It’s a lovely
baby. Is it a boy or a girl
?
(c)
可用来指带时间、距离、自然
现象等。
It is half past three
now.
(d)
用于固定搭配中。
Take it easy.
walk
it
步行
make
it
办成
take it out
of somebody
拿某人出气
二、物主代词
1
、物主代词的形式
2
、物主代词的作用
1)
形容词性物主代词只能作定语。
The tall boy is my student.
2)
名词性物主代词
(1)
作表语
Whose dictionary is
this
?
It’s mine.
(2)
作主语
Our room is on the first floor and
theirs is on the second.
(3)
作宾语
You may use my pen. I’ll use
hers.
(4)
与
of
连用作定语
He is
a close friend of ours.
三、反身代词
1
、反身代词的形式
2
、反身代词的作用
(1)
作宾语
I
can’t express myself in English.
(2)
作表语
He is not quite himself these days.
|
(3)
作同位语
反身代词作同位语时,往往是用来加强名词或代词的语气,应重读;在句中常置于名词、代
< br>词之后或句子末尾。
The theory
itself is all right.
We had
better ask the teacher herself about it.
(5)
偶尔用作主语
这种独立使用的反身代词语气较强。
Both my sister and myself were invited
to the party.
(6)
用于固定习语
help
oneself
to
,
hurt
oneself
,
enjoy
oneself
,
dress
oneself
,
by
oneself
,
in onesel
f
(
本身
)
,
between ourselves
(
私下说的话,不可告诉别人
)
四、相互代词
相互代词表示相互关系。
1
、相互代词的形式
2
、相互代词的用法
(1)
相互代词宾格用作宾语
We can help each other.
(2)
相互代词属格用作定语
We should point out each other’s
shortcomings.
五、指示代词
指示代词是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。
1
、指示代词的形式
其他还有:
such
,
so
,
same
,
it(
指人用
)
2
、指示代词的用法
(1)
作主语
These aren’t my books.
(2)
作宾语
She will do that.
(3)
作表语
My idea is this.
(4)
作定语
This book is about Chinese traditional
medicine.
(5)this
和
that
有时可用作状语,表示程度,译为
“
这么
”
和
< br>“
那么
”
The book is this thick.]
(6)
that
和
those
有时用来代表前
面提到的东西,以避免重复这个名词
The weather
in Han Dan is cooler than
that
in Guangzhou.
(
代替不可数名词
weather)
The machines are better than
those
we made last year.
(
代替可数名词复数
machines)
My room was lighter than
the
one
next door.
(
如果
是单数可数名词用
the
one
来代替
)
六、疑问代词
1
、疑问代词的形式
2
、疑问代词的用法
1)who
通常作主语和表语
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇:全英优秀教学授课用语
下一篇:英语句子结构缩写