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2019
上海交大考博英语真题
客观题部分
II. V
ocabulary (10 points)
Part A (5 points)
1.
International
sport
should
create
goodwill
between
the
nations,
but
in
the
present
organization of the Olympics somehow
encourages__ patriotism.
A. obsolete
B.
aggressive
C.
harmonious D. amiable
2.
One call understand others much better by noting
the immediate and
fleeting reactions of
their
eyes and __ to expressed thoughts.
A. dilemmas
B. countenances
C. concessions D. junctions
3.
People
innately
_____
for
superiority
over
their
peers
although
it
sometimes
takes
the
form of an exaggerated
lust for power.
A. strive
B. ascertain
C. justify D. adhere
scientists have suggested that Earth
is a kind of, zoo or wild life
for intelligent space
beings, like the wilderness areas we
have set
up on earth to
allow animals to develop naturally
while we observe them.
A. conservation
B. maintenance
C. storage
D. reserve
5.
According
to
the
latest
report,
consumer
confidence___
a
breathtaking
15
points .last
month, to its lowest level in 9 years.
A.
soared
B. mutated
C.
plummeted
D.
fluctuated
6. Melissa is a
computer___ that destroyed files in computers and
frustrated thousands of
users around the world.
A. genius
B. virus
C. disease
D. bacteria
7. The emphasis on
examinations is by far the worst form of
competition in schools.
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A. negligent
B. edible
C. fabulous D. disproportionate
8. The boy seemed more
_____ to their poverty, after seeing how his
grandparents lived.
A. reconciled
B. consolidated
C. deteriorated
D.
attributed
9. During his
two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance
to
practice his Chinese.
A. passed on
B. passed up
C. passed by
D. passed out
10. When a person dies, his
debts must be paid before his ____ can be
distributed.
A. paradoxes
B. legacies
C.
platitudes
D.
analog in
Part B (5 points)
11.
He
claims
that
advertising
today
tends
to
portray
women
in
traditional
roles
such
as
cooking or taking care of the baby.
A.
depict
B. advocate
D;
criticize
D.
analyze
12,. They achieved
more than they had eye dreamed, lending a magic to
their
family story that
no tale or ordinary life could possibly
rival.
A. confirm
B. achieve
D exaggerate
13. The most urgent thing
is to find a dump. for those toxic____ industrial
wastes.
A. imminent
B. recyclable C. smelly
D. poisonous
14.
British
Prime
Minister
Tony
Blair
promised
the
electorate
that
guns
would
nor
be
fired
without an attempt to win a further U.N. sanction.
A.
allies
B. delegates
C. voters
D.
juries
15. The
analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our
:children's college and
our own retirement security
is ,chilling.
A. frightening B. promising
C.
freezing D. revealing
16.
Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a
conspiracy against the British
Crown.
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A. secret plan
B. bold attack
C.
clever design D. joint effort
17. Evidence, reference, and foments by
the thousand testify to a scrupulous
researcher who
does
considerable justice to a full range of different
beneficial and political positions.
A. trustworthy
B. intelligent
C. diligent
D. meticulous
18.
Despite
their
Spartan,
isolated
lifestyle,
them
are
no
stories
of
women
being
raped
or
wanton violence against
civilians in the region.
A. intriguing
B. exasperating:
C.
demonstrative D. unprovoked
19.
The
gang
derived
their
nickname
from
their
dark
clothing
and
blacked
up
faces
for
.nocturnal raids in the forest.
A. illegal
B. night-time
C, brutal D.
abusive
20.
Though
sometimes
too
lazy
to
work
as
hard
as
her
sisters,
Linda
has
a
more
avid
fondness for the
limelight,
A. mercurial
B, gallant
C. ardent
D. frugal
III.
Cloze (10 points).
Like
many other
aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an
idea, ___ 21 ___ into a
hobby
and
Lately
has
____22
____
into
a
full-
time
passion.
The
two
developers
of
Yahoo,
David
Filo
and
Jerry
Yang,
Ph.
D
candidates
___
23
_
Electrical
Engineering
at
Stanford
University, started theirguide in April
1994 as a way to keep 24
of their personal interest on
the Internet. Before long they ___25
___ that their home, brewed lists were becoming
too long
and ____26____ Gradually they
began to spend more and more time on Yahoo.
During
1994, they ____
27____ yahoo into a customized database de
signed to____28_____ the needs of the
thousands of users____29____ began to use the
service
through the closely ___ 30____
Internet community. They developed customized
software to
help
them___
31
___
locate,
identify
and
edit
material
___32___
on
the
Internet.
The
name
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Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for
Another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
Yang insist they
selected the ___34 ___
because they considered themselves
yahoos. Yahoo?
itself first ___ 35 ___
on Yang's
workstation,
___
on
Filo's
computer,
In
early
1995
Marc
Andreessen,
co-founder
of
Netscape Communication in
Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang
to move their
files ___ 37___ to larger
computers ___38____ at Netscape. As a result
Stanford's computer
network returned to
___ 39___ , and both parties benefits.
Today,Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized
information on tens of thousands of
computers linked to the web.
1. A. became
B. grew
C. mm
D. intend
2. A. made
B. saw
C. looked
D.
turned
3. A. in
B.
on
C. about
D. for
4. A.
touch
B.
contact
C. back
D. record
5. A. founded
E.
found
C.
argued
D. reported
6. A. unwieldy
B. tough
C. tamable
D invaluable
7. A. exchanged
B. shank
C. sold
D. converted
8.
A. explain
B. serve
C. discover
D.
evaluate
9. A. which
B. that
C. actually
D. eagerly
10.
A. relative
B. interactive
D. contacted
11.
A. fluently
B. efficiently
y
D. actually
12. A.
transmitted
B.
purchased
C.
sold
D.
13. A. about
B. bound
C.
going
D.
supposed
I4. A. fable
B. model
C. name
D. brand
15. A. supported
B. resided
C. lived
D. launched
16. A. connected
B. lodged
C. introduced
D. linked
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17. A. over
B, away
C. inside
D. beneath
18.
A. housed
B.
caught
C. hosed
D. bidden
19. A. average
B. normal
C. ordinary
D. equal
20. A. attains
s
C. maintains
D. contains
IV
. Reading Comprehension
(20 points)
Passage 1
Guthrie's contiguity
principle offers practical suggestions for how to
break babies.
One
application
of
the
threshold
method
involves
the
time
young
children
spend
on
academic activities.
Young children have short attention spans, so the
length of time they can
sustain work on
one activity is limited. Most activities are
scheduled to last no longer than 30 to
40 minutes. However, at the start of
the school year, attention spans quickly wane and
behavior
problems often
result. To apply Gutiarie's theory, a
teacher might, at the start of the year, limit
acti-vities to 15 to 20 the next few
weeks the teacher could gradually increase the
time students spend working on a single
activity.
The
threshold
method
also
can
be
applied
to
teaching
printing
and
handwriting.
When
children
first
learn
to
form
letters,
their
movements
awkward
and
they
lack
free
motor
coordination. The distances between
lines on a page are purposely wide so children can
fit the
letters into the space. If
paper with narrow lines is initially introduced,
students' letters would
spill
over
the
borders
and
students
might
become
frustrated.
Once
students
can
form
letters
within
the
larger
borders,
they
can
use
paper
with
smaller
borders
to
help
them
refine
their
skills.
The fatigue method
can be applied when disciplining disruptive
students who build paper
airplanes
and
sail
them
across
the
room.
The
teacher
can
remove
the
students
from
the
classroom, We them a large stack of
paper, and tell them to start making paper
airplanes. After
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the students
have made several airplanes, the activity should
lose its attraction and paper will
become a cue for not building
airplanes.
Some
students
continually
race
around
the
gym
when
they
first
enter
their
physical
education class. To
employ the fatigue method, the teacher might
decide to have these students
continue
to run a few more laps after the class has begun.
The incompatible response
method can be used with students who talk and
misbehave in
the media center. Reading
is incompatible with talking. The media center
teacher might ask the
students to find
interesting books and read them while in the
center. Assuming that the students
find
the
books
enjoyable,
the
media
center
will,
over
time,
become
a
cue
for
selecting
and
reading books rather than for talking
with other students.
In a social
studies class some students regularly fall asleep.
The teacher realized that using
the
board and overhead projector while lecturing was
very boring. Soon the teacher began to
incorporate other elements into each
lesson,such as experiments, videotapes, and
debates, in an
attempt to involves
students and raise their interest in the course.
41. The purpose of this
passage is to___
A.
inform
B.
persuade
C.
debate
D.
narrate
42.
Guthrie
identified
three
methods for__
A. educating students
B. altering bad habits
C. avoiding undesired action
D. forming good
hobbies
43. Which of the
following is not the example of applying the
threshold method?
A.
Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed
with a food than the
child
enjoys over
time so that the child will
not refuse to eat it.
B.
Teachers
introduce
academic
content
in
short
blocks
of
time
for
young
children
and
gradually increase
session length but not to where students
become
frustrated or bored.
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C. Paper with wider lines is first used
and then paper with narrow lines is
introduced step by
step to
help children learn printing and handwriting.
D. A child might be made to
throw toys until it is no longer fan by
his
parents in order to
change
his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.
44.
To
stop
snacking
while
watching
television,
people should
keep
their
hands
busy
by
sewing,
painting,
working
crossword
puzzles,
and
so
forth.
Over
time.
watching
TV
becomes a cue for engaging in an
activity other than
snack'king. What method is used in this
example?
A. The
threshold method.
B. The fatigue
method.
C. The incompatible
response method.
D. The
punishment method.
45. We
can draw the conclusion from the passage that
A.
The
incompatible
response
method
is
to
force
child
to
make
unwanted
response
repeatedly in presence of stimulus
until he or she becomes
exhausted
B.
The
threshold
method
refers
to
introducing
undesired
behavior
with
a
response
incompatible with the undesired
response so they can not be
performed simultaneously
C. The fatigue method means
that engaging in the behavior is transformed into
avoiding it by
introducing the stimulus
at full strength so it becomes
a cue for not performing it
D.
The
fatigue
method
is
that
in
presence
of
stimulus
teachers
have
child
make
response
incompatible with unwanted response
Passage 2
The increase in
global trade means that international companies
cannot afford to make
costly
advertising mistakes if they want to be
competitive.
Understanding the language
and culture of target markets in foreign countries
is one of the
keys to successful
international marketing. Too many companies,
however, have jumped into
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