中国人民大学考博英语真题

中国人民大学博士研究生入学考试试题

?

?

Ⅰ

LISTENING

TEST (20 points)?

(

略）

?

客观题部分

?

请用铅笔将此部分的答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！

?

Ⅱ

Vocabulary (10 points)?

Part A (5 points)

?

Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C

and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a

single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET

Ⅰ

. ?

Example:

?

She prefers foreign wine to that produced ________.

?

A. previously

B. virtually

C. primarily

D. domestically

?

T

he sentence should read, “She prefers foreign wine to that produced domestically.”?

Therefore, you should choose D.

?

Sample Answer

?

< /p>

［

A

］

［

B

］

［

C

［

D

］

?

1.

International

sport

should

create

goodwill

between

the

nations,

but

in

the

present

organization of the Olympics somehow encourages ________patriotism.

?

A. obsolete

B. aggressive

C. harmonious

D. amiable

?

2. One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of

their eyes and ________ to expressed thoughts.

?

A. dilemmas

B. countenances

C. concessions

D. junctions

?

3. People innately ________ for superiority over their peers although

it sometimes takes the

form of an exaggerated lust for power.

?

A. strive

B. ascertain

C. justify

D. adhere

?

4.

Some

scientists

have

suggested

that

Earth

is

a

kind

of

zoo

or

wildlife

________

for

intelligent

space

beings,

like

the

wilderness

areas we

have

set

up

on

earth

to

allow

animals

to

develop naturally while we observe them.

?

A. conservation

B. maintenance

C. storage

D. reserve

?

5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence ________ a breathtaking 15 points last

month, to its lowest level in 9 years.

?

A. soared

B. mutated

C. plummeted

D. fluctuated

?

6.

Melissa

is

a

computer

________

that

destroyed

files

in

computers

and

frustrated

thousands of users around the world.

?

A. genius

B. virus

C. disease

D. bacteria

?

7. The ________ emphasis on examinations is by far the worst form of competition in schools.

?

A. negligent

B. edible

C. fabulous

D.

disproportionate

?

8. The boy seemed more ________ to their poverty after seeing how his grandparents lived.

?

A. reconciled

B. consolidated

C. deteriorated

D. attributed

?

9. During his two-month stay in China, Tom never ________ a chance to practice his Chinese.

?

A. passed on

A. paradoxes

B. passed up

B. legacies

Part B (5 points )

?

Directions:

In

each

of

the

following

sentences

there

is

one

word

or

phrase

underlined.

Below

the

sentence

are four choices

marked

A,

B,

C,

and

D.

Choose

the

one

that

is closest

in

meaning to the underlined part. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square

bracket on ANSWER SHEET

Ⅰ

. ?

Example:

?

The secretary is very competent; she can finish all these letters within one hour.

?

A. careful

B. industrious

C. clever

D. capable

?

In this sentence, “competent” is closest in meaning to “capable”. Therefore you should choose

D.

?

Sample Answer

?

< /p>

［

A

］

［

B

］

［

C

［

D

］

?

11.

He

claims

that

advertising

today

tends

to

portray

women

in

traditional

roles

such

as

cooking or taking care of the baby.

?

A. depict

B. advocate

C. criticize

D. analyze

?

12. They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that

no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.

?

A. confirm

B. achieve

C. match

D. exaggerate

?

13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes.

?

A. imminent

B. recyclable

C. smelly

D. poisonous

?

14.

British

Prime

Minister

Tony

Blair

promised

the

electorate

that

guns would

not

be fired

C. passed by

C. platitudes

D. passed out

?

D. analogies

?

10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ________ can be distributed.

?

without an attempt to win a further U.N. sanction.

?

A. allies

B. delegates

C. voters

D. juries

?

15.

The

analysis

suggests

that

the

tradeoff

between

our

children's

college

and

our

own

retirement security is chilling.

?

A. frightening

B. promising

C. freezing

D. revealing

?

16. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy

against the British Crown.

?

A. secret plan

B. bold attack

C. clever design

D. joint effort

?

17. Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a

scrupulous researcher who

does considerable justice to a full range of different theoretical and political positions.

?

A. trustworthy

B. intelligent

C. diligent

D. meticulous

?

18.

Despite

their

spartan,

isolated

lifestyle,

there

are

no

stories

of

women

being

raped

or

wanton violence against civilians in the region.

?

A. intriguing

B. exasperating

C. demonstrative

D. unprovoked

?

19.

The

gang

derived

their

nickname

from

their

dark

clothing

and

blacked

up

faces

for

nocturnal raids in the forest.

?

A. illegal

B. night-time

C. brutal

D. abusive

?

20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more

avidfondness

for the limelight.

?

A. mercurial

B. gallant

C. ardent

D. frugal

?

Ⅲ

Cloze (10 points )?

Directions: Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and

mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on Answer Sheet I.

?

Like many other aspects of the computer age, Y

ahoo began as an idea, __21__ into a hobby

and lately has __22__ into a full-time passion. The two developers of Y

ahoo, David Filo and Jerry

Y

ang, Ph. D candidates __23__ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started their guide in

April

1994

as

a way to

keep

__24__

of

their

personal

interest

on

the

Internet.

Before

long

they

__25__ that their homebrewed lists were becoming too long and __26__. Gradually they began to

spend more and more time on Y

ahoo.

?

During 1994, they __27__ yahoo into a customized database designed to __28__ the needs of

the

thousands

of

users

__29__

began

to

use

the

service

through

the

closely

__30__

Internet

community.

They

developed

customized

software

to

help

them

__31__

locate,

identify

and

edit

material __32__ on the Internet. The name Y

ahoo is __33__ to stand for “Y

et Another Hierarchical

Officious

Ora

le”,

but

Filo

and

Y

ang

insist

they

selected

the

__34__

because

they

considered

themselves yahoos. Y

ahoo itself first __35__ on Y

ang's workstation, “akebono”, while the search

engine was __36__ on Filo's computer, “Konishiki”. ?

In

early

1995

Marc

Andersen,

co-founder

of

Netscape

Communication

in

Mountain

View,

California,

invited

Filo

and

Y

ang

to

move

their

files

__37__

to

larger

computers

__38__

at

Netscape. As a result Stanford's computer network returned to __39__, and both parties benefited.

Today, Y

ahoo __40__ organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.

?

21. A. became

22. A. made

23. A. in

24. A. touch

25. A. founded

26. A. unwieldy

B. grew

B. saw

B. on

B. contact

B. found

B. tough

B. shank

B. serve

B. that

C. turn

C. looked

C. about

C. track

C. argued

C. tamable

C. sold

C. discover

C. actually

C. bound

D. intend

?

D. turned

?

D. for

?

D. record

?

D. reported

?

D. invaluable

?

D. converted

?

D. evaluate

?

D. eagerly

?

D. contacted

?

27. A. exchanged

28. A. explain

29. A. which

30. A. relative

B. interactive

31. A. fluently

B. efficiently

B. purchased

B. bound

B. model

B. resided

B. lodged

B. away

B. caught

B. normal

B. detains

C. exactly

C. sold

C. going

C. name

C. lived

C. inside

C. hosed

C. ordinary

D. actually

?

D. stored

?

D. supposed

?

D. brand

?

D. launched

?

D. linked

?

D. beneath

?

D. hidden

?

D. equal

?

D. contains

?

32. A. transmitted

33. A. about

34. A. fable

35. A. supported

36. A. connected

37. A. over

38. A. housed

39. A. average

40. A. attains

C. introduced

C. maintains

Ⅳ

Reading Comprehension (20 points)?

Directions: Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B,

C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a

single baracross the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET I.

?

Passage 1

?

Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break habits.

?

One application of the

threshold

method involves the time young children spend on academic

activities. Y

oung children have short attention spans, so the

length of time they can sustain work

on

one

activity

is

limited.

Most

activities

are scheduled

to

last

no

longer

than

30

to

40

minutes.

However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often

result. To apply Guthrie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20

minutes.

Over

the

next few weeks

the

teacher could

gradually

increase

the

time

students spend

working on a single activity.

?

The

threshold

method also can be applied to teaching printing and handwriting. When children

first learn to form letters, their movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The

distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If

paper

with

narrow

lines

is

initially

introduced,

students'

etters

would

spill

over

the

borders

and

students

might

become

frustrated.

Once students can

form

letters within

the

larger

bordens,

they

can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills.

?

The

fatigue

method

can

be

applied

when

disciplining

disruptive

students

who

build

paper

airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from the classroom,

give

them

a

large

stack

of

paper,

and

tell

him

to

start making

paper

airplanes.

After

the

students

have made several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for

not building airplanes.

?

Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education

class. To employ the fatigue method, the teacher might decide to have these students continue to

run a few more laps after the class has begun.

?

The

incompatible response

method can be used with students who talk and misbehave in the

media

center.

Reading

is

incompatible

with

talking.

The

media

center

teacher

might

ask

the

students to find interesting books and read them while in the center. Assuming that the students find

the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books

rather than for talking with other students.

?

In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized that using the

board

and

overhead

projector

while

lecturing

was

very

boring.

Soon

the

teacher

began

to

incorporate

other

elements

into

each

lesson, such

as

experiments,

and

debates,

in

an

attempt

to

involve students and raise their interest in the course.

?

41. The purpose of this passage is to ________.

?

A. inform

B. persuade

C. debate

D. narrate

?

42. Guthrie identified three methods for ________.

?

A. educating students

B. altering bad habits

?

C. avoiding undesired action

D. forming good hobbies

?

43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method?

?

A.

Parents

introduce

spinach

in

small

bites

or

mixed

with

a

food

that

the

child

enjoys

over

time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.

?

B.

Teachers

introduce

academic

content

in

short

blocks

of

time

for

young

children

and

gradually increase session length but not to where students become frustrated or bored.

?

C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is introduced step by

step to help children learn printing and handwriting.

?

D.

A

child

might

be

made

to

throw

toys

until

it

is

no

longer

fun

by

his

parents

in

order

to

change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.

?

44.

To

stop

snacking

while

watching

television,

people

should

keep

their

hands

busy

by

sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over time, watching TV becomes a cue

for engaging in an activity other than snacking. What method is used in this example?

?

A. The threshold method.

B. The fatigue method.

?

C. The incompatible response method.

D. The punishment method.

?

45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that ________.

?

A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted response repeatedly

in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes exhausted

?

B.

The

threshold

method

refers

to

introducing

undesired

behavior

with

a

response

incompatible with the undesired response so they cannot be performed simultaneously

?

C. The fatigue method means

that engaging in the behavior is transformed into avoiding it by

introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes a cue for not performing it

?

D.

The

fatigue

method

is

that

in

presence

of

stimulus

teachers

have

child

make

response

incompatible with unwanted response

??

Passage 2

?

The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly

advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.

?

Understanding

the

language

and

culture

of

target

markets

in

foreign

countries

is

one

of

the

keys

to

successful

international

marketing.

Too

many

companies,

however,

have

jumped

into