高级英语(一)paraphrase

Unit 1

III. Paraphrase

1.

The

distinguishing

mark

of

anthropology

among

the

social

sciences

is

that

it

includes

for

serious study other societies than our own. (Para. 2)

----The

distinguishing

feature

of

anthropology

among

the

social

sciences

is

that

it

includes

the

study of societies that are different from our own.

2. Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. (Para. 3)

----Now customs has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance.

3. No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. (Para. 4)

----No one observes the world from a genuinely objective standpoint.

4. The life history of the individual is first and

foremost an accommodation to the patterns and

standards traditionally handed down in his community. (Para. 4)

----A

person

’

s

life

is,

above

all

else,

shaped

by

conformity

to

the

customs

passed

down

in

his

society.

5. There is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this if the role of

custom. (Para. 4)

----It

is

more

important

for

us

to

understand

this

social

problem

of

the

role

of

custom

than

to

understand any other social problems.

6. Until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties, the main complicating facts of human life

must remain unintelligible. (Para. 4)

----We cannot understand the complexities of human life unless we know the role of custom in all

its manifestations.

7. It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study of

one local variation, that of Western civilization. (Para. 5)

----In the study of mankind, the major social sciences have to be studied instead of studying only

Western civilization.

8. Anthropology was by definition impossible as long as these distinctions between ourselves and

the

primitive,

ourselves

and

the

barbarian,

ourselves

and

the

primitive,

ourselves

and

the

pagan, held sway over people

’

s minds. (Para. 6)

----While

people

were

convinced

that

differences

between

themselves

on

the

one

hand

and

aboriginal and backward people on the other hand were irreconcilable, the scientific study of the

human race as such was not possible.

Language Work

I. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words.

1.

physical characteristics

: physical features of human beings, e.g., color of hair, color of eyes,

height, etc.

industrial techniques

: man

’

s skill in making things

2.

in so far as he remains an anthropologist

: as long as he remains an anthropologist

3.

the great gamut of custom

: the complete range of custom, including the smallest details of the

most general ideas

4.

it is the other way around

: it is just the opposite

5.

will still have reference to

: will be related to

6.

preferential weighting

: tendency that shows preference for

7.

arrive

at

that

degree

of

sophistication

:

have

a

good

understanding

of

the

way

people

behave/have a good knowledge of culture

8.

are based on the same premises

: having the same reasoning as their bases

Unit 2

III. Paraphrasing

1)

We began to discuss everything and anything about our health care reform weeks ago.

2)

About 60,000 old people have ended their relationship with the AARP since July 1 because

they are dissatisfied with the approaching health care reform.

3)

There was a significant drop in the support from old people who are qualified for Medicare

…

4)

Despite these numbers, some people with strong political influences are still optimistic about

the future of a pubic option.

5)

Republicans have further strengthened their opposition against the reform in recent days.

6)

The efforts we value very much go hand in hand with our most important principles.

7)

…

whether or not the bill will be passed is determined by the ability of the administration and

Democratic leaders to make liberals satisfied

…

8)

Meanwhile, House leaders want to protect their general representatives who are in the middle

ground

…

I. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words.

1. has not changed its goals

2. became less connected with

3. pay much attention to

…

out of fear

4. noticeable and unusual

5. people who have a lot of influences

6. in an attack

7. the demands from the GOP as a way of negotiation

8. has become recognized as

9. sth. that keeps developing or happening more quickly

10. have increased their criticism

11. criticizing the drug makers in the country

12. going hand in hand with the principals we value most

Unit 4

III. Paraphrase

1.

While

he

was

a

good

client

they

knew

that

if

he

became

too

drunk

he

would

leave

without

paying, so they kept watch on him. (para.1)

-------Although

he

was

a

good

customer

they

knew

that

if

he

drank

too

much

he

would

leave

without paying, so they watched him closely.

2. What does it matter if he gets what he's after? (para.11)

---------What does it matter if he gets what he is pursuing?

3. The old man sitting in the shadow rapped on his saucer with his glass. (para.13)

------- The old man sitting in the shade knocked on the saucer with his glass.

4. The waiter poured on into the glass so that the brandy slopped over and ran down the stem into