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动名词的用法
动
名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。
动名词有时态和语态的变化。
一、动名词的作用
动名词具有名
词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
1
、做主语
动名词作主语，它往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。
Reading is an art.
读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun.
爬山是真有趣。
动名词做主语
，有时先用
it
作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习
惯句型中常用。
如：
It/there is no
use/good/point/fun doing sth
做某事没用、没好处、没意义、没意思
It is no use/no good crying over spilt
milk.
洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。
It is a waste of time persuading such a
person to join us.
劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。
It is fun playing with children.
和孩子们一起玩真好。
有些动
词如
think
，
find
，
consider
可用
it
作形式宾语，动名词做真正的宾语。
think / find / consider it fun / use /
good / point doing sth
如：
I
think it use less talking to such a man.
我想对这样的人谈话是无用的。
We found it great fun collecting stamps.
我们发现集邮很有趣。
2
、作宾语
动名词可跟在某些动词或介词后做宾语。
（
1
）作动词的宾语
She hasn
’
t
finished reading the novel.
I enjoy
working with you.
（
2
< br>）作介词的宾语
We are thinking
of making a new plan for the next term.
我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our
work?
我们休息呢还是开始干活？
On doing ( arriving / hearing/ seeing
....)
一到达、一听到、一看到
On arriving at the
airport
，
I saw my mother
standing in the crowd
，
.
一到机场，我就看见我母亲
站在人群中。
（
3
）作形容词的宾语
The music
is well
worth listening
to more than once.
这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
We
are busy
preparing for the
coming
sports meet.
我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
★★★常用必备
只接动名词做宾语的常用动词：
advise, allow, permit, avoid, escape
,risk,consider, enjoy, finish, give up, imagine,
include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put
off, delay, practise, resist, suggest,
只接动名词做宾语的常用动词词组：
cannot help, depend on, think about,
set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out,
insist on,
can
’
t
stand, be used to, get used to, devote
?
to
?
, look forward
to, pay attention to, get down
to
，
be worth doing,
have trouble (in) doing , prevent sb
(from) doing ,give up
，
go
on
，
put
off
，
can't
help
，
can't
stand
，
be
worth
，
be devoted
to
，
be accustomed
to
，
be used
to
，
object to ,insist
on
，
look forward
to
，
be sure
of
，
be keen
on
，
be fond
of
，
be good
at
，
be tired
of
，
be interested
in
，
be afraid
of
等。如：
They
went on walking and never stopped talking.
他们继续走，说个不停。
I'm
looking forward to having the summer holiday in
Kun-ming.
我盼望去昆明度暑假。
He gave up smoking several months ago.
几个月前，他戒烟了。
某些词组后接
动名词作宾语时，可省略词组中的介词。常见的词组如下：
He spends hours
（
in
）
reading newspapers
everyday.
他每天花数小时阅读报纸。
3
、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或
what
< br>引导的名词性从句。
表语动名
词与主语通常是对等的关系
，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。
Your
task is cleaning the windows.= (Cleaning the
windows is your task.)
你的任务就是擦窗户。
My
family were watching TV at this time last night .
4
、作定语
▲动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。
▲现在分词做定语，说明所修饰名词进行的动作。如：
a walking stick /a washing machine/a
reading room/a measuring tape/sleeping
pills
（动名词）
A
sleeping baby (
现分）
二、动名词的时态和语态
,
动名词的时态和语态如下图所示：
语态
主动
一般式
writing
完成式
having
written
否定式
其否定形
式是在
doing
前加上
not
被动
being written
having been
written
其否定形式是在
doing
< br>前加上
not
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