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同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试样题
I
Vocabulary
（
10%
）
For
each
of
the
following
sentences
there
are
four
choices.
Choose
the
best
one
to
complete
the
sentence.
1.
The
directions
were
so
____
that
it
was
impossible
to
complete
the
assignmen
t.
A)
ingenious
B)
ambitious
C)
notorious
D)
ambiguous
2.
Our
________
host
always
enjoys
having
friends
to
share
his
Lucullan
supper
s.
A)
cursive
B)martial
C)
fractious
D)
convivial
3.
Recently
a
number
of
cases
have
been
reported
of
young
children
____a
violent
act
previously
seen
on
television.
A)
modifying
B)
stimulating
C)
accelerating
D)
duplicating
4.
This
kind
of
material
can
_____heat
and
moisture.
A)
delete
B)
compel
C)
repel
D)
constrain
5.
The
damage
to
his
car
was
____;
therefore,
he
could
repair
it
himself.
A)
considerable
B)
appreciable
C)
negligible
D)
invisible
6.
The
____of
a
cultural
phenomenon
is
usually
a
logical
consequence
of
some
phy
sical
aspect
in
the
life
style
of
the
people.
A)
implementation
B)
expedition
C)
demonstration
D)
manifestation
7.
One
of
the
responsibilities
of
the
Coast
guard
is
to
make
sure
that
all
ships
____
___
follow
traffic
rules
in
busy
harbors.
A)
cautiously
B)
dutifully
C)
faithfully
D)
skillfully
8.
The
Eskimo
is
perhaps
one
of
the
most
trusting
and
considerate
of
all
Indians
bu
t
seems
to
be
_______
the
welfare
of
his
animals.
A)
critical
about
B)
indignant
at
C)
indifferent
to
D)
subject
to
9.
The
chairman
of
the
board
_______
on
me
the
unpleasant
job
of
dismissing
goo
d
workers
the
firm
can
no
longer
afford
to
employ.
A)
compelled
B)
posed
C)
pressed
D)
tempted
10.
Using
extremely
different
decorating
schemes
in
adjoining
rooms
may
result
in
_
______
and
lack
of
unity
in
style.
A)
conflict
B)
confrontation
C)
disturbance
D)
disharmony
11.
Corrupt
politicians
who
condone
the
activities
of
the
gamblers
are
equally
_____
__.
A)
cryptic
B)esoteric
C)culpable
D)occult
12.
I
don’t
know
the
details
for
I
just
gave
y
our
manuscript
only
a(n)
_______
glanc
e.
A)
cursory
B)cumbrous
C)onerous
D)obscure
Red
Cross
society
helped
_________
families
to
survive
the
war
in
the
Persi
an
Gulf.
A)
demure
B)destitute
C)assiduous
D)sedate
14.
the
man
felt
________
when
the
girl
turned
down
his
proposal
of
marriage.
A)
despondent
B)
fabulous
C)dilapidated
D)fortuitous
15.
the
boy
gave
a
______
look
at
his
classmate’s
test
paper
when
the
teacher
turn
ed.
A)
frivolous
B)furtive
C)frenetic
D)frigid
16.
Rubber
boots
are
___________
to
water.
A)
imperious
B)impetuous
C)impervious
D)impeccable
17.
Missiles
were
mounted
at
various
points
to
_______
the
enemy
aircrafts.
A)
integrate
B)jeopardize
C)intercept
D)interrogate
18.
Being
careless,
she
had
her
arm
_____
by
the
barbed
wire.
A)
lacerated
B)lamented
C)juggled
D)bemoaned
19.
The
wrestler’s
_______
maneuvers
made
it
difficult
for
his
opponent
to
obtain
a
hold.
A)
hermetic
B)protean
C)titanic
D)procrustean
20.
Psychoanalysis
can
help
a
patient
recall
long-forgotten
experiences
lost
in
the
__
____
recess
of
his
mind.
A)
labyrinthine
B)chimerical
C)iridescent
D)mercurial
II
Reading
Comprehension
(50%)
Passage
1
There
is
widespread
belief
that
the
emergence
of
giant
industries
has
been
accompli
shed
by
an
equivalent
surge
in
industrial
research.
A
recent
study
of
important
inven
tions
made
since
the
turn
of
the
century
reveals
that
more
than
half
were
the
produ
ct
of
individual
invent-ors
working
alone,
independent
of
organized
industrial
research.
While
industrial
laboratories
contributed
such
important
products
as
nylon
and
transi
stors,
independent
inventors
developed
air
conditioning,
the
automatic
transmission,
t
he
jet
engine,
the
helicopterminsulin,
and
streptomycin.
Still
other
inventions,
such
as
stainless
steel,
television,
silicons,
and
plexiglass
were
developed
through
the
combi
ned
efforts
of
individuals
and
laboratory
teams.
Despite
these
findings,
we
are
urged
to
support
monopoly
power
on
the
grounds
tha
t
such
power
creates
an
environment
supportive
of
innovation.
We
are
told
that
the
i
ndependent
inventor,
along
with
the
small
firm,
cannot
afford
to
undertake
the
import
ant
research
needed
to
improve
our
standard
of
living
while
protecting
our
diminishin
g
resources;
that
only
the
prodigious
assets
of
the
giant
corporation
or
conglomerate
can
afford
the
kind
of
expenditures
that
can
produce
the
technological
advances
vit
al
to
economic
progress.
But
when
we
examine
expenditures
for
research,
we
find
t
hat
of
the
more
than
$$
35
billion
spent
each
year
in
this
country,
almost
two-thirds
i
s
spent
by
the
federal
government.
More
than
half
of
this
government
expenditure
is
funneled
into
military
research
and
product
development,
accounting
for
the
enormo
us
increase
in
spending
in
such
industries
as
nuclear
energy,
aircraft,
missiles,
and
electronics.
There
are
those
who
consider
it
questionable
that
these
defense-linked
r
esearch
projects
will
account
for
an
improvement
in
the
standard
of
living
or,
alterna
tely,
do
much
to
protect
our
diminishing
resources.
Recent
history
has
demonstrated
that
we
may
have
to
alter
our
longstanding
concep
tion
of
the
process
actuated
by
competition.
The
price
variable,
once
perceived
as
t
he
dominant
aspect
of
the
competitive
process
is
now
subordinate
to
the
competition
of
the
new
product,
the
new
business
structure,
and
the
new
technology.
While
it
c
an
be
assumed
that
in
a
highly
competitive
industry
not
dominated
by
a
single
corp
oration,
investment
in
innovation--a
risky
and
expensive
budget
item--might
meet
resi
stance
from
management
and
stockholders
who
might
be
more
concerned
with
cost-
cutting,
efficient
organization,
and
large
advertising
budgets,
it
would
be
an
egregiou
s
error
to
assume
that
the
monopolistic
producer
should
be
equated
with
bountiful
e
xpenditures
for
research.
Large-scale
enterprises
tend
to
operate
more
comfortably
i
n
stable
and
secure
circumstances,
and
their
managerial
bureaucracies
tend
to
prom
ote
the
status
quo
and
resist
the
threat
implicit
in
change.
Furthermore,
the
firm
with
a
small
share
of
the
market
will
aggressively
pursue
new
techniques
and
different
products,
since
with
little
vested
interest
in
capital
equipment
or
plant
it
is
not
deterr
ed
from
in-vestment
in
innovation.
In
some
cases,
where
inter-industry
competition
is
reduced
or
even
entirely
eliminated,
the
industrial
giants
may
seek
to
avoid
capital
l
oss
resulting
from
obsolescence
by
deliberately
obstructing
technological
progress.
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