-
名词
:
人或事物的名称
名词的数：单数和复数
规则可数名词的复数：
1
，
词尾加
s
Book---
books;
lake---lakes;
month---months
German---
Germans
American---Americans
2,
以
s, x, sh,
ch
结尾的名词，直接加
es
Class----classes, box---boxes, dish---
dishes, watch---watches
3,
以
辅音字母
+y
结尾的名词，
变
y
为
i
再加
es
City---cities
baby---babies
4
，以元音字母
+y
结尾的名词，直接加
s
Boy---boys
day
---days
5,
以
f
或
fe
结尾的名词，多数是变
< br>f
或
fe
为
v
，再加
es
Leaf---
leaves
shelf
----shelves
knife----knives
6
，以
o
结尾的名词，加
es
Potato---potatoes
tomato---tomatoes
hero---heroes <
/p>
例
外
：
phot
o---photos
radio---radios
piano---pianos
zoo---zoos
不规则动词的复数：
1
，
改变名词中的元音字母
Foot
---feet
tooth
---teeth
goose
---geese
man---
men
woman---women
policeman---policemen
2
，
加后缀
Child---
children
ox-oxen
3
，
单复同形
Fish---fish
sheep---sheep
Chinese---
Chinese
Japanese---Japanese
mouse-mice
4,
“名词
+
名词”构成的复合名词，将第二个名词变为复数
Shoe shop---shoe shops
girl student---
girl students
例外：
man/woman+<
/p>
名词的复合名词，两个名词都变为复数
Man nurse---men nurses
woman driver---women
drivers
修饰名词的量词短语：
修饰可数名词的量词短语：
few,
a
few,
quite
a
few,
several,
(too) many, a large number of
修饰不可数名词的量词短语：
little
，
a little, quite a little,
(too)
much, a huge amount of, huge amounts of, a great
deal
of
修饰可数名词和
不可数名词的量词短语：
a
lot
of,
lots
of,
plenty of, some, any, enough
名词所有格
1
，
表示有生命的名词所有格
(1)
单数名词加（
‘
s
）
Tom
’
s present
the hero
’
s name
(2)
以
-
s
结尾的复数名词，在名词后加
(
‘<
/p>
)
the
teachers
’
office
以
-s
结尾的单数名词所有格加
(
‘
s )
my boss
’
s office
(3)
不以
-s
结尾的复数名词，要加
’
s
Children
’
s day
(4)
两个人共同所有一样东西，只在最后一个名词后加
’
s
Kitty and
Mary
’
s Uncle
各自拥有时，两个名词都要加
(
’
s)
Tom
’
s and
Linda
’
s bedroom
(5)
有
些
指时间，
地理名称等无生命的东西的名词，
也可以加
‘
s
构成所有格
An hour
’
s walk
Shanghai
’
s
weather
2,
无生命所有格
“
Of+
名词”放在被修饰名词的后面
The gate of the school
the name of the
film
3,
双重所有格
“
Of+
名词性物主代词”
A
friend of my friend
’
s
“
of+
所有格”
A friend of mine
代词
：代替名词的词
人称代词
指示代词：
1
，
this
和
these
一般用来指时间或空间上较近的事物或人，
tha
t
和
those
指时间和空间较远的事
物或人
This is a pen and that
is a pencil
2,
代替前面提到的名词
The
weather
in
shanghai
is
warmer
than
that
in
Beijing
in
winter.
The
computers
made
in
china
are
as
good
as
those
made
in
America.
不定代词
1, Some
与
any
2,
Few
，
a few, little, a little
3, Other
，
the
other, others, the others, another
Other
做形容词，
后面接单数或
复数名词，
意思是
“其他的，
别的”<
/p>
Some students like Chinese,
and other students like English
I have
one book in my right hand and a pen in my other
hand.
The
other
表示两个人或物中的“另一个”搭配
“
one
…
,
the
other
…”
I am holding a book in one
hand and a pen in the other (hand)
Others
泛指“另外的人或物”
搭配“
some
…
,
others
…”
意
为“有的
…
有的
…”
Many boys are in
the
playground,
some
are
playing
football,
others are playing
basketball.
The
others
表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”相当于
the rest
In our class only Tom is English, but
the others are Chinese.
Another
可以做形容词，意为“另一个”
I
don
’
t like the blue shirt,
show me another one please.
Both
与
neither
两者肯定与否定
All
与
none
三者肯定或否定
数词：
基数词和序数词
基数词构成
：
1---12
13---19
的
基
数
词
以
-teen
结
尾
，
特
殊
thirteen,
fifteen,
eighteen
20---90
的
整十的倍数都以
-ty
结尾，
特殊
twenty
< br>，
thirty
，
forty<
/p>
，
fifty
，
eighty
基数词的用法
：
1,
当表示具体数量时，
hundred, thousand,
million, billion
前
面有具体的基数词或<
/p>
several
，
many
等词修饰，只用单数形
式；
表示模糊数量时，
hundred,
thousand, million, billion
要用复
数形式，并且与
of
连用；
表示“在
…
中占（多少）
Two
hundred
of
the
students
in
our
school
took
part
in
the
reading contest last
week.
2,
“基数词
-
单数名词
”
和“基数词
-
单数名词
-
形容词”
Ten-
minute, six-year-old
3,
表示“在某人几十多岁时”和“在几世纪几十年代”
In one
’
s eighties
in
the nineteen eighties
序数词构成
1
，
1
---12
顺口溜
2
，
以
-ty
结尾的基数词，变
y
为
ie
，再加
th
3
，
其他两位数和多位数，只将个位变为序数词
Twenty-one
twenty-first
Three hundred and eighty-seven
Three hundred and eighty-
seventh
分数表达法
分子等
于
1
时，分子为基数词，分母为序数词
分子大于
1
时，分子为基数词，分母为
序数词，再加
s
冠词：定冠词
the
，不定冠词
a
，
an
不定冠词的用法
a/an
：泛指
An+
元音音标开头的单词
An hour/honest boy/uncle/M/S
A +
辅音音标开头的单词
A university/European country/one-way
ticket
定冠词的用法
the
：
特指
特指
序数词或形容词最高级：
Sunday is the first day of the week
Shanghai is one of the most modern
cities in the world
江河，海洋，或山脉的名称
The
Yangtze River is the longest river in china.
方位名词前
The sun
rises in the east and sets in the west
乐器前
(
球类除外
)
They often play basketball after school
every day.
He is good at playing the
piano.
The+ adj
表示一类人或物
The poor
表示一家人
The Browns
零冠词的用法：
学科名称前
He is good
at physics and chemistry.
季节，月份，星期，或节日前
(
传统节日除外
)
Winter is
a good season for sports.
December
25
th
is Christmas day.
Teachers
’
day
children
’
s day
一日三餐前：
I had
noodles for lunch this morning.
名词前有形容词和不定代词，限定词时
They are going to discuss the problem
this morning.
形容词
:
修饰名词
作定语
1,
单个形容词作定语放在被修饰词之前
Don
’
t eat
unhealthy food, for it
’
s bad
for your health.
2,
被修饰词为
something, anything,
nothing
时，
形容词作定
语放
在其后
I have something
important to tell you.
3,
表示长，宽，高，深及年龄的形容词，放在名词之后
The bridge is five meters wide.
4,
副词作定语发在被修饰词之后
The car downstairs is mine.
5,
短语或句子作定语，放在被修饰词之后
The
girl in the classroom is Mary.
作表语：
be
动词或感官动词之后
Benny looks so happy today because he
passed the exam.
有些词只能作表语：
af
raid
，
alone
，
asleep
，
awak
e
，
alive
，
作宾语补足语：
常与
make
，
leav
e
，
keep
，
find
等词连用，结构“动词
+
宾
语
+
形容词”
Keep the classroom clean
1,
倍数表示法
倍数
+
形容词比较级
A is three times bigger than B
倍数
+as adj as
A is three times as big as
B
倍数
+
名词
A is three
times the size of B
原级表示法：
2, As +
adj/adv + as
Tom is as old
as Kate.
This room is as big as that
one.
This room
isn
’
t as/so big as that one.
3,
形容词比较级
+than+
…
This
room is bigger than that one.
4, Far,
much, even, still, a little, a bit
修饰比较级
After
taking some medicine, he felt much better.
5,
“
the+
比较级，
the+
比较级
”
表示“越
…
.,<
/p>
越
…
.
”
The sooner, the better
6,
“比较级
+ than + any other +
单数名词”表示比
同一范围
其他的任何一个人
/
物都
The Yangtze River is longer
than any other river in china.
=The
Yangtze River is the longest river in china.
=The Yangtze River is longer than any
of the rivers in china.
=The Yangtze
River is longer than the other rivers in china.
7,
“
never
< br>…
+
比较级”表示最高级
I’
ve never seen a more
interesting film.
=This is the most
interesting film
I’
ve ever
seen.
副词
作状语
1,
修饰动词
Tom does his
homework
carefully
every
day.
2
，
修饰形容词
Our
classroom is always
spotlessly
clean.
3
，
修饰副词
The snail
moves quite
slowly
.
副词原级的用法
As + adv + as
Tom runs as
fast as his brother.
Tom
doesn
’
t run as/so fast as
his brother.
倍数表示法
Tom runs three times as fast as his
brother.
Tom runs three times faster
than his brother.
副词比较级用法
1,
I got up earlier than my
brother this morning.
2,
“副词比较级
+ than +
any other +
单数名词”表示
…
< br>比同
一范围内的其他任何一个人或物都
…
Tom works harder than any other
student in his class.
Tom works harder
than the other students in his class.
Tom works hardest among all the
students in his class.
3,
“
the +
比较级，
the +
比较级”表示“越
…
.,
越
…”
The faster you
walk, the sooner you will get there.
连词：连接词与词，句与句的词
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