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初中形容词及副词用法总结及练习(整理版)

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2021-02-13 15:39
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2021年2月13日发(作者:yates)


形容词和副词用法总结及练习



一、形容词的用法:



(一)概念:形 容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,通常可将形容


词分成性质形容词和叙述形容 词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。



【重点】



1.


直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。



【难点】



2.

叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词,这类形容词大多数以


a

< p>
开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:


afraid




asleep,



awake



alone


等 。




(二)形容词的种类



1.


品质形容词:英语中大量形容词属于这一类,他们表示人或物的品质,如:



The play was boring.


那出戏很枯燥乏味。




You have an honest face.


你有一张诚实的脸。



2.


颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词,如:



She had on a blue coat.


她穿了一件蓝色的外套。



3. -ing


形容词:有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词,如:



4.



ed


形容词:它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的,一般有被动意义,多数


为品质形容词,如 :








She looked tired.



5.


合成形容词:



warm- hearted


热心的,



heart-breaking


令人心碎的



(三)形容词的用法和在句中的位置



1


、形容词在句中主要可用作:





1


)定语:


What a fine day!




2


)表语:


She looks happy.




3


)宾语的补语(构成合成宾语)






Do you think it necessary?


你认为这有必要吗?





4


)状语:






He arrived home, hungry and tired.


他又饿又累的回到家里。



2


、形容词在句中的位置:有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置形容


词;少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置形容词。





1


)当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时 ,形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一


般规则为:





(限定词)



一般描绘性形容词



表示大小、长 短、高低的形容词



表示


年龄、新旧的 形容词



表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词



表示物质、材料的



< p>
形容词



(名词)


。如:






There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village.






村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。


2


)当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时,或形容词用来修饰


somebody,


something, anything, nothing



等的时候,便会出现后置形容词。如:



The boy interested in music is my brother.




对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。





Do you have anything interesting to tell us?




你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗?



二、副词的用法:



(一)概念:用以 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如:



not< /p>


(不)



here


(这里)



now


(现在)


。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。


如:



Have you read this book before? (


副词,作时间状语


)


你以前读过这本书吗?



He will arrive before ten o’clock.


(介词,


before ten o’clock

< p>
是介词短语,作时


间状语)他将在


10

< p>
点钟前到达。



(二)副词的种类



1


、时间副词有三类:


always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly


等一


般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词






1


)表示发生时间的副词:







It’s beginning to rain now!



现在开始下雨了!





2


)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度 副词


always,


often,


usually,


sometimes,


never, ever, hardly


等一般位于系动词、


情态动词和助动词之后,


实之前义动词


:







She often changes her mind.


她常改变主意。



3


)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:









He has just had an operation.


他刚动过手术。



2


、地点副词:






1


)有不少表示地点的副词:








She is studying abroad.


她在国外留学。





2


)还有一些部分与介词同形的副词 。它们与介词同形,跟宾语的是介词,


否则是副词:









用作介词:











Stand up!


起立!








用作副词:











A cat climbed up the tree.


猫爬上了树。



3


)以


where


构成的副词也是地点副词:



It’s the same everywhere.



到处都一样。



【重点】



3


、方式副词



1


)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答


how


的问题)







How beautifully your wife dances.


你夫人舞跳的真美。



2


)还有相当多的副词,表示某些情绪:






She smiled gratefully.


她感激的笑了笑。



3


)还有一些以


-ly


结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况 :





He left the town secretly.


他悄然离开了这座城市。



【重点】



4


、程度副词和强调副词




1


)程度副词可修饰动词,表示



到某种程度








Is she badly hurt?


她伤得重吗?





[


说明


]


这类副词除修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词(


a

< br>)或另一副词


(b):








a. fairly simple


相当简单








quite correct


完全正确









b. wonderfully well


好极了






do it very quickly


干得很快



【重点】



2



much


是一个特殊的程度副词,它可以:



a.


修饰形容词等:





I’m


not much good at singing.


我唱歌不太好。




b.


修饰比较级:






You sing much better than me.


你比我唱的好多了。






Their house is much nicer than ours.


他们的房子比我们的好多了。



【重点】



5.


疑问副词和连接副词



1


)疑问副词:



疑问副词用来引导特殊问句:





how: How is your grandmother?


你奶奶身体好吗?





where: Where does she come from?


她是哪儿人?





when: When can you come?


你什么时候能来?





why: Why was he so late?


他为什么来得这么晚?



2


)连接副词:


连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样,但都引导从句或与


不定式连用:

< p>




how: Do you know how to start this machine?


你知道这台机器怎样启动吗?



where: I don’t know where he lives.


我不知道他住在哪儿。


(引导宾语从句)




when: Tell me when


you’ll be ready.


告诉我你什么时候准备好 。


(引导宾语从


句)






why: That’s why I came round.


这就是我来的原因。


(引导表语从句)



6.


一些其它类型的副词,如表示方向的副词:














Let’s go inside.


咱们到里面去。














Take two steps forward.


向前走两步。



(三)副词的位置



1.


副词修饰动词时,通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如:




Usually I do my homework in the evening. (


句首


)


通常我晚上做家庭作业。




I often get up at six. (


句中


)


我常在

6


点起床。




Please speak slowly. (


句末


)


请慢慢说。



2.


副词修饰形容词或副词时,通常放在形容词或副词的前面如:




These flowers are quite beautiful.


(在形容词前)



这些花相当漂亮。




He works very hard.


(在副词前)他工作很努力。





但也有例外,如:


She is old enough to go to school.


(在形容词后)她已


到了上学的年龄。



3.


按一般规则


,


既有地点状语又有时间状语时,地点状语应放在时间状语之


前。如:

< p>



We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon.


我们昨天下午在教室


开了一个会。




He watched TV at home last night.


他昨晚在家看电视。



[


说明


]



形容词一般修饰名词,副词一般修饰动词、形容词或副词。②


一 些形


容词后加上


-ly


可以变成副词, 如


slow-slowly,


quick-quickly,


careful- carefully


等。



【基础练习】



(一)用所给词的正确形式填空



1.


The


Greens


are


_____ (happy)


to


live


in


this


_____(noise)


street.


They


have decided to move to another place.


2. The panda has been


______ (die) for about two months.



3. I like her dress. It looks very


______ (beauty).


4.


Don’t


feel


______ (worry)


about


your


child.


The


whole


class


would


be


______ (friend) to the new classmate.


5. The


______ (finally) exams usually take place at the end of June.


6. It’s


____ (possible) for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.


7. It’s a


_____ (please) trip for all of us.


8. The children in China are living a


_____ (color) life.


9. It was an


_____ (amaze) match. It amazed us.


felt very


_____ (sleep) and fell


____ (sleep) soon when he lay in bed.







all had a very


_____ (enjoy) time at the party.



(二)选择最佳答案






(




)1. These oranges taste_______.


A. good


B. well


C. to be good


D. to be well


(




)2. I can’t pay ________ as he asked for.



A. a as high price



a high price



high price



high a price


(




)3.



We are going to see a film this evening . Why not go with us ?










I have to do many things this evening . I’m _______ , y


ou see .








A. free






B. glad






C. sorry





D. busy



(




)4.



Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening.


—OK. Let’s give him


___ to eat.



A. something different








B. different anything




C. anything different










D. different something



(




)


____ person is talking with the doctor.



A. ill





B. sick





C. illness





D. sickness



(




) 6. The day is bright and _______ . Let’s go for a walk .









A. sunny



B. dark



C. cloudy



D. windy





(




) 7. Look ! _______ beautiful that lake is !








A. What




B. How




C. How a




D. What a


(




) 8. ---I won't go to the Great Wall tomorrow.










--- I won't, ______.










A. neither




B. either




C. too




D. also






(




) 9. He likes to do some reading in the morning, I like it, _____.










A. too





B. either





C. neither





D. also






(




)



maths


problem


is


______


difficult


______ nobody


can


work


it


out.




A. too; to






B. very; that






C. so; that






D. very; but






(




) 11.


—What’s on the desk?—It’s


____ .





A. a new green bag



B. new green bag









C. a green mew bag



D. a bag new green


(




) 12. The night was very ___, so he had to take off his shoes ___.










A. quiet; quietly




B. quite; quickly




C. late; quick




D. quite; quietly









(




) 13. He____ to school to clean his classroom.








A. always comes early








B. comes always early











C. always early comes








D. come always earlier




(




) 14. I got up____today.








A. later






B. more lately






C. lately






D. late




(




) 15. Alice___goes to school at seven.








A. usual







B. usually






C. hard






D. a little








1-5 ADDAB 6-10ABBAC11-15 AAADB


三、形容词的比较等级:



(一)形容词的比较级和最高级的构成







1


.单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成



2



< br>多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加


more




most


。如:



情况



构成方式



原级



比较级



最高级



一般情况




-er



-est


new


newer


newest


long


longer


longest



e


结尾的词




-r



-st


fine


finer


finest


late


later


latest




辅音


+y‖


结尾



y



i


再加


-er



early


earlier


earliest


的词



-est


happy


happier


happiest






节< /p>




先双写辅音字母,

< br>hot


hotter


hottest





< br>一




再加

-er



-est


thin


thinner


thinnest


音字母



fat


fatter


fattest





原级











比较级



最高级







useful





more useful


most useful





difficult




more difficult





most difficult






delicious




more delicious


most delicious


【重点】



3


.有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。









原级





比较级



最高级











good/well




better


best










bad/ill







worse


worst










many/much



more


most










little








less


least










far








farther


farthest










old







older


oldest



(二)



形容词比较级的用法








1


.形容词的比较级可以单独使用:












Be more careful next time.


下次小心点。











Which book is better?


哪本书更好?



2


.也可以和


than


连用,表示 两者相比,


than


后可以跟:



a.


名词或代词:





He is older than me / I .


他年龄比我大。



b.


动名词:






Skiing is more exciting than skating.


滑雪比滑冰更刺激。



c.


从句:






I was a better singer than he was.


我唱歌比他好。



(三)



形容词比较级的修饰语



1

< p>


形容词比较级前可加


much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly


之类表示程度的状语:





He’s feeling much better toda


y.


他感到今天好多了。



2


.也可在比较级前


any, no, some, even, still


这类词:



Do you feel any better today?


你今天感觉好一点了吗?



3


.比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词:



My sister is ten years younger than me.


我妹妹比我小十岁。



【难点】



(四)形容词比较级的特殊用法



1< /p>


.和


more


有关的词组





1)



the more…the more…




……

< br>就越


……


。例如:







The harder you work



the greater progress you'll make.



越努力,进步越大。



2)



no more than




一样。例如:







The officials could see no more than the Emperor.



官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。



3




more than



超过,不只是。例如:








There are more than two thousand people in the hall.








2


.和


less


有关的词组

< br>











1) less than


不到



不太:














It was ready in less than a week.












2) no less than


多达



不少于














No less than 2 million people came.


至少来了


2< /p>


百万人。












3) more or less


基本上



大体上



大约











The work is more or less finished.


这项工作基本上完成了。







3


.还有


as +


形容词或副词原级



+ as











1)



not …so/as…as


。例如:













He cannot run so/as fast as you.


他没你跑得快。












2)



as… as


中间有名词时采用以下格式:




as +


形容词


+ a +


单数名词


/





as + many much +


名词。例如:









This is as good an example as the other is.



这个例子和另外一个一样好。









I can carry as much paper as you can.


你能搬多少纸,我也能。











3)


表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在


as


的前面。



例如:














This room is twice as big as that one.


这房间的面积是那间的两倍。















Your room is the same size as mine.



你的房间和我的一样大。



(五)



形容词最高级用法



1



the +


最高级



+


比较范围







1


)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词



the


,例如:



The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.


撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。




[


说明


]


形容词


most


前面没有


the


,不表示最高级的含义,只表示



非常



。例


如:



It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.


这是个很重


要的问题。










注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。









(错)



Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.








(对)



Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.






2




下列词可修饰最高级,


by far, far, much, mostly, almost


。例如:






This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.


这帽子差不多是最大的了。













注意:序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如:











Africa is the second largest continent.


非洲是第二大洲。



3




最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如:














Mike is the most intelligent in his class.


或者:














Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.


(六)形容词最高级的特殊用法







1.


形容词最高级可用作表语,这时定冠词


the


可以省略。









例句:


I think her plan is best.


我认为她的计划最好。



2.


形容词最高级还可和


at


构成许多短语作状语,




at best, at least, at most


等。



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