-
形容词和副词用法总结及练习
一、形容词的用法:
(一)概念:形
容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,通常可将形容
词分成性质形容词和叙述形容
词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
【重点】
1.
直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。
【难点】
2.
叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词,这类形容词大多数以
a
开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:
afraid
,
asleep,
awake
,
alone
等
。
(二)形容词的种类
1.
品质形容词:英语中大量形容词属于这一类,他们表示人或物的品质,如:
The play was boring.
那出戏很枯燥乏味。
You have an honest face.
你有一张诚实的脸。
2.
颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词,如:
She had on a blue coat.
她穿了一件蓝色的外套。
3.
-ing
形容词:有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词,如:
4.
–
ed
形容词:它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的,一般有被动意义,多数
为品质形容词,如
:
She
looked tired.
5.
合成形容词:
warm-
hearted
热心的,
heart-breaking
令人心碎的
(三)形容词的用法和在句中的位置
1
、形容词在句中主要可用作:
1
)定语:
What a fine
day!
2
)表语:
She looks
happy.
3
)宾语的补语(构成合成宾语)
:
Do you
think it necessary?
你认为这有必要吗?
4
)状语:
He arrived home, hungry and tired.
他又饿又累的回到家里。
2
、形容词在句中的位置:有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置形容
词;少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置形容词。
1
)当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时
,形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一
般规则为:
(限定词)
→
一般描绘性形容词
→
表示大小、长
短、高低的形容词
→
表示
年龄、新旧的
形容词
→
表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词
→
表示物质、材料的
形容词
→
(名词)
。如:
There is a famous fine old stone bridge
near the village.
村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。
2
)当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时,或形容词用来修饰
somebody,
something, anything, nothing
等的时候,便会出现后置形容词。如:
The boy interested in music is my
brother.
对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。
Do you have anything
interesting to tell us?
你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗?
二、副词的用法:
(一)概念:用以
修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如:
not<
/p>
(不)
,
here
(这里)
,
now
(现在)
。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。
如:
Have you read this book before?
(
副词,作时间状语
)
你以前读过这本书吗?
He
will arrive before ten o’clock.
(介词,
before ten o’clock
是介词短语,作时
间状语)他将在
10
点钟前到达。
(二)副词的种类
1
、时间副词有三类:
always,
often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly
等一
般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词
1
)表示发生时间的副词:
It’s beginning to rain now!
现在开始下雨了!
2
)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度
副词
always,
often,
usually,
sometimes,
never, ever, hardly
等一般位于系动词、
情态动词和助动词之后,
实之前义动词
:
She often
changes her mind.
她常改变主意。
3
)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:
He has just had
an operation.
他刚动过手术。
2
、地点副词:
1
)有不少表示地点的副词:
She is studying abroad.
她在国外留学。
2
)还有一些部分与介词同形的副词
。它们与介词同形,跟宾语的是介词,
否则是副词:
①
用作介词:
Stand up!
起立!
②
用作副词:
A cat climbed up the tree.
猫爬上了树。
3
)以
where
构成的副词也是地点副词:
It’s the same everywhere.
到处都一样。
【重点】
3
、方式副词
1
)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答
how
p>
的问题)
:
How beautifully
your wife dances.
你夫人舞跳的真美。
2
)还有相当多的副词,表示某些情绪:
She smiled gratefully.
她感激的笑了笑。
3
)还有一些以
-ly
结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况
:
He
left the town secretly.
他悄然离开了这座城市。
【重点】
4
、程度副词和强调副词
1
)程度副词可修饰动词,表示
p>
―
到某种程度
‖
:
Is she badly hurt?
她伤得重吗?
[
说明
]
这类副词除修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词(
a
< br>)或另一副词
(b):
a. fairly simple
相当简单
quite correct
完全正确
b. wonderfully well
好极了
do it very quickly
干得很快
【重点】
2
)
much
是一个特殊的程度副词,它可以:
a.
修饰形容词等:
I’m
not much good at singing.
我唱歌不太好。
b.
修饰比较级:
You
sing much better than me.
你比我唱的好多了。
Their house is
much nicer than ours.
他们的房子比我们的好多了。
【重点】
5.
疑问副词和连接副词
1
)疑问副词:
疑问副词用来引导特殊问句:
how: How is your
grandmother?
你奶奶身体好吗?
where: Where
does she come from?
她是哪儿人?
when: When can
you come?
你什么时候能来?
why: Why was he
so late?
他为什么来得这么晚?
2
)连接副词:
连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样,但都引导从句或与
不定式连用:
how: Do
you know how to start this machine?
你知道这台机器怎样启动吗?
where: I don’t know where he lives.
我不知道他住在哪儿。
(引导宾语从句)
when: Tell me when
you’ll be ready.
告诉我你什么时候准备好
。
(引导宾语从
句)
why: That’s why I came round.
这就是我来的原因。
(引导表语从句)
6.
一些其它类型的副词,如表示方向的副词:
Let’s go inside.
咱们到里面去。
Take two steps
forward.
向前走两步。
(三)副词的位置
1.
副词修饰动词时,通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如:
Usually I do my homework
in the evening. (
句首
)
通常我晚上做家庭作业。
I often get up at six.
(
句中
)
我常在
6
点起床。
Please speak slowly.
(
句末
)
请慢慢说。
2.
副词修饰形容词或副词时,通常放在形容词或副词的前面如:
These flowers are quite
beautiful.
(在形容词前)
这些花相当漂亮。
He works very hard.
(在副词前)他工作很努力。
▲
但也有例外,如:
She is
old enough to go to school.
(在形容词后)她已
到了上学的年龄。
3.
按一般规则
,
既有地点状语又有时间状语时,地点状语应放在时间状语之
前。如:
We had a meeting
in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
我们昨天下午在教室
开了一个会。
He watched TV at home
last night.
他昨晚在家看电视。
[
说明
]
①
形容词一般修饰名词,副词一般修饰动词、形容词或副词。②
一
些形
容词后加上
-ly
可以变成副词,
如
slow-slowly,
quick-quickly,
careful-
carefully
等。
【基础练习】
(一)用所给词的正确形式填空
1.
The
Greens
are
_____ (happy)
to
live
in
this
_____(noise)
street.
They
have decided to move to
another place.
2. The panda has been
______ (die) for about two months.
3. I like her dress. It
looks very
______ (beauty).
4.
Don’t
feel
______ (worry)
about
your
child.
The
whole
class
would
be
______ (friend) to
the new classmate.
5. The
______ (finally) exams usually take place at the
end of June.
6. It’s
____ (possible) for an ordinary plane to fly to
the moon.
7. It’s a
_____ (please) trip for all of us.
8.
The children in China are living a
_____ (color) life.
9. It was an
_____ (amaze) match. It amazed
us.
felt very
_____
(sleep) and fell
____ (sleep) soon
when he lay in bed.
all had a very
_____ (enjoy)
time at the party.
(二)选择最佳答案
(
)1. These oranges
taste_______.
A. good
B. well
C. to be
good
D. to be well
(
)2. I can’t pay
________ as he asked for.
A. a as high price
a high price
high price
high a price
(
)3.
—
We are
going to see a film this evening . Why not go with
us ?
—
I have to do
many things this evening . I’m _______ ,
y
ou see .
A. free
B. glad
C. sorry
D. busy
(
)4.
—
Mum, Bill is
coming to dinner this evening.
—OK.
Let’s give him
___ to eat.
A. something different
B. different
anything
C.
anything different
D. different
something
(
)
____
person is talking with the doctor.
A. ill
B. sick
C. illness
D.
sickness
(
) 6. The day is bright and
_______ . Let’s go for a walk .
A. sunny
B. dark
C. cloudy
D.
windy
(
)
7. Look ! _______ beautiful that lake is !
A. What
B. How
C. How a
D. What a
(
)
8. ---I won't go to the Great Wall tomorrow.
--- I won't, ______.
A.
neither
B.
either
C. too
D. also
(
)
9. He likes to do some reading in the morning, I
like it, _____.
A. too
B.
either
C. neither
D. also
(
)
maths
problem
is
______
difficult
______ nobody
can
work
it
out.
A. too; to
B. very; that
C. so; that
D. very; but
(
) 11.
—What’s on
the desk?—It’s
____ .
A. a new green
bag
B. new green bag
C.
a green mew bag
D. a bag
new green
(
) 12. The night was very ___, so he had
to take off his shoes ___.
A. quiet;
quietly
B.
quite; quickly
C. late; quick
D. quite; quietly
(
) 13. He____ to
school to clean his classroom.
A. always comes early
B. comes always
early
C. always early
comes
D.
come always earlier
(
)
14. I got up____today.
A. later
B. more lately
C. lately
D. late
(
) 15. Alice___goes to
school at seven.
A. usual
B.
usually
C. hard
D.
a little
1-5
ADDAB 6-10ABBAC11-15 AAADB
三、形容词的比较等级:
(一)形容词的比较级和最高级的构成
p>
1
.单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成
2
.
< br>多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加
more
或
most
。如:
情况
构成方式
原级
比较级
最高级
一般情况
加
-er
或
-est
new
newer
newest
long
longer
longest
以
e
结尾的词
加
-r
或
-st
fine
finer
finest
late
later
latest
以
―
辅音
+y‖
结尾
变
y
为
i
p>
再加
-er
或
early
earlier
earliest
的词
-est
happy
happier
happiest
重
读
闭
音
节<
/p>
的
词
先双写辅音字母,
< br>hot
hotter
hottest
末
尾
只
有
< br>一
个
辅
再加
-er
或
-est
thin
thinner
thinnest
音字母
fat
fatter
fattest
原级
比较级
最高级
useful
more useful
most useful
difficult
more difficult
most difficult
delicious
more delicious
most delicious
【重点】
3
.有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/ill
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther
farthest
old
older
oldest
(二)
形容词比较级的用法
1
.形容词的比较级可以单独使用:
Be more careful next time.
下次小心点。
Which book is better?
哪本书更好?
2
.也可以和
than
连用,表示
两者相比,
than
后可以跟:
a.
名词或代词:
He is older
than me / I .
他年龄比我大。
b.
动名词:
Skiing is more exciting than skating.
滑雪比滑冰更刺激。
c.
从句:
I was a better singer than
he was.
我唱歌比他好。
(三)
形容词比较级的修饰语
1
.
形容词比较级前可加
much, a lot,
a bit, a little,
slightly
之类表示程度的状语:
He’s feeling
much better toda
y.
他感到今天好多了。
2
.也可在比较级前
any, no,
some, even, still
这类词:
Do you feel any better today?
你今天感觉好一点了吗?
3
.比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词:
My
sister is ten years younger than me.
我妹妹比我小十岁。
【难点】
(四)形容词比较级的特殊用法
1<
/p>
.和
more
有关的词组
:
1)
the more…the
more…
越
……
< br>就越
……
。例如:
The harder you
work
,
the greater progress
you'll make.
越努力,进步越大。
2)
no more than
与
p>
…
一样。例如:
The officials could see no more than
the Emperor.
官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。
3
)
more than
超过,不只是。例如:
There are more than two thousand people
in the hall.
2
p>
.和
less
有关的词组
< br>
1) less than
不到
…
不太:
It was ready in
less than a week.
2) no less than
多达
不少于
No less than 2
million people came.
至少来了
2<
/p>
百万人。
3)
more or less
基本上
大体上
大约
The work is
more or less finished.
这项工作基本上完成了。
3
.还有
as +
形容词或副词原级
+ as
1)
not …so/as…as
。例如:
He cannot run
so/as fast as you.
他没你跑得快。
2)
当
as… as
中间有名词时采用以下格式:
①
as
+
形容词
+ a +
单数名词
/
;
②
as + many much
+
名词。例如:
This is as good an example
as the other is.
这个例子和另外一个一样好。
I can carry as much paper
as you can.
你能搬多少纸,我也能。
3)
表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在
as
的前面。
例如:
This room is twice as big
as that one.
这房间的面积是那间的两倍。
Your room is the same size as
mine.
你的房间和我的一样大。
(五)
形容词最高级用法
1
.
the +
最高级
+
比较范围
1
)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词
the
,例如:
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the
world.
撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。
[
说明
]
形容词
most
前面没有
the
,不表示最高级的含义,只表示
非常
。例
如:
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
这是个很重
要的问题。
◎
注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错)
Tom is the tallest of his three
brothers.
(对)
Tom is the
tallest of the three brothers.
2
)
下列词可修饰最高级,
by far, far, much,
mostly, almost
。例如:
This hat is nearly / almost the
biggest.
这帽子差不多是最大的了。
◎
注意:序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如:
Africa is the second largest
continent.
非洲是第二大洲。
3
)
最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如:
Mike is the most intelligent in his
class.
或者:
Mike is more
intelligent than any other students in his class.
(六)形容词最高级的特殊用法
1.
形容词最高级可用作表语,这时定冠词
the
可以省略。
例句:
I think her
plan is best.
我认为她的计划最好。
2.
形容词最高级还可和
at
构成许多短语作状语,
如
at best, at least, at
most
等。