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英语名词单数变复数规则
一、名词
可数名词和不可数名词:
1.
定义
:一般来说,
个体
名词和
集体
名词多为
可数
名词,
物质
名词和
p>
抽象
名词多为
不可数
名词。
2.
可数名词的数
:
可数名词有单数、
复数之分,
表示
“
一个
”
时用单数,
a
bird
,
a
teacher
,
an apple
,
表示
“
多个
”
时用复数。
two
birds
,
five
teachers
,
eight apples.
3.
可数名词复数的变化规则
.
A
、
一般情
况下,
在单数名词的后面加
-s
构成。
如:
game-
games
,
boy-
boys
等。
B
、
以
s
、
x
、
sh
、
ch
结尾的单数名词变复数,
在词尾加
-es
构成。
如:
box-boxes
,
bus-
buses
,
peach-
peaches
,
dish-
dishes
。
< br>C
、
以
o
结尾,
表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加
-es
;
表示没有生命的事物
的单数名词变复数加
p>
-s
。
如:
pot
ato-potatoes
,
tomato-
tomatoes
,
photo-
photos
,
piano-
pianos
等。
D
、以辅音字母加
y
结尾的单
数名词变复数,将
y
改成
i
后再加
-es
。如:
fa
ctory-factories
,
story-
stories
,
family-
families
。
以元音字母
+
y
结尾的名词
变复数时,
直接加
s
变复数,
如
monkey→
monkeys
,
holiday→holidays
.
E
、
以
f
或
fe
结尾的单数名词变复数,
将
f
或
fe
改成
v
,
然后再加
-es
。
如:
leaf-
leaves
,
life-
lives
,
knife-
knives
等。
F
、名词单数变复数,除了有规则可循的变化之外,还有一部分的变化是不规则
的,我们将这部分名词的变化叫做不规则变化。
这些词有:
foot-
feet
,
tooth-
teeth
,
man-
men
,
woman-
women
,
mouse-
mice
,
sheep-
sheep
,
deer-deer,
fish-fish,
child-children,
Chinese- Chinese,
Japanese-
Japanese
,
goose-geese, ox-
oxen
4.
不可数名词量的表示
不可数名词没有单数、复数之分,
但我们在生活中有时候又必需给这些词
计量,我们于是采用这种方法:
< br>
a+
表示这些东西的单位
+o
f+
不可数名词,
如:
a cup of
tea
,
a box of
milk
,
a piece of
paper
等。
如果为了表示多个的
概念,我们就将表示这些东西的单位变成复数即可。
如:
a cup of tea---3 cups of
tea
,
a box of milk---12 boxes
of milk
,
A piece of
paper---100 pieces of paper
英语动词变化规则
二、动词变第三人称单数
①
一般情况
加
–
s
如:
make- makes stop- stops
; help- helps
②
以
s,sh,ch,x
等结尾的词
加
–
es
如:
dress-
dresses;
pass- passes
wash- washes teach- teaches watch-
watches fix- fixes
③
以辅音字母
+y
变
y
为
i
结尾的词
再加
es
如:
study-
studies; fly- flies try- tries carry- carries
④
以元音字母加
y
结尾的词,直接加
-es
如:
play- playes
;
stay- stayes enjoy- enjoyes
⑤
以
“o”
结尾的动词,加
“es”
,
如:
go- goes do- does
三、动词变现在分词(即
-ing<
/p>
形式)
1.
一般情况,
加
-ing
如:
go- going ask- asking
look- looking watch- watching
2.
以不发音的
< br>e
结尾的动词,
去
e
,再加
-ing
如:
write-writing
; make-making
;
take-taking;
practice-practicing
3.
以
重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再
加
-ing
如:
get-
getting
;
sit-
sitting
;
run-
running
;
put-
putting
;
begin-
beginning
;
swim-
swimming stop- stopping plan- planning shop-
shopping
四.动词变过去式
1.
一般情况,加
-ed
如:
look- looked play-
played
; start-started
; listen- listened
2.
以
e
结尾的动词,加
-d
如:
hope- hoped
; use- used live- lived
decide- decided
3.
< br>以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再
加
p>
-ed
如:
stop- stopped plan-
planned; shop- shopped
4. <
/p>
以辅音字母加
y
结尾的动词,变
y
为
i
,再加
-ed
如:
study-studied
;
carry-carried
worry-worried
try-tried
五、动词变过去式过去分词不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可主要分为几种情况。
【
AAA
型】
:
p>
put
—
put
—
put
cut
—
cut
—
c
ut
shut
—
shut
—
shut
set
—
set
—
s
et
hit
—
hit
—
h
it
hurt
—
hurt
—
hurt
cost
—
cost
—
cost
★
rea
d/ri:d/
—
read/red/
—
read/red/
let
—
l
et
—
l
et
burst
—
burst
—
burst
(
n. / v.
爆发,突发;爆炸)
cast
—
cast
—
cas
t (v.
1.
投
,
掷
,
抛
,
< br>扔
,
撒
2.
投射
(
光、
影、
视线等
)[(+at/on)
] 3.
脱落
;
蜕
< br>(
皮
);
丢
)
rid
—
rid
—
rid
(
vt.
使摆脱;使去掉)
spread
—
spread
—
spread
【
p>
ABB
型】
:
(
原形
→aught /
ought→aught / ought)
catch
—
caught
—
caught
teach
—
taught
—
taught
bring
—
brought
—
brought
buy
—
bought
—
bought
think
—
thought
—
thought
【原形→元音变化→元音变化】
sit
—
sat
—
sat
p>
meet
—
met
—
met
find
—
found
—
found
get
—
got
—
got
stand
—
stood
—
stood
understand
—
understood
—
understood
win
—
w
on
—
won
hold
—
held
—
held
shine
—
shone
—
shone
dig
—
dug
—
dug
hang
—
hung/hanged
—
hung/hanged
【原形
→ “…t” →
“…t”
】
lose
—
lost
—
lost
build
—
built
—
built
spill
—
spilt
—
spilt
spoil
—
spoilt
—
spoilt
send
—
sent
—
sent
spend
—
spent
—
spent
p>
smell
–
smelt
< br>—
smelt
feel
—
felt
—
felt
mean
—
meant
—
meant
learn
—
learnt/learned
—
learnt/learned
lend
—
lent
—
lent
【原形
→ “…d” →
“…d”
】
hear
—
heard
—
heard
make
—
made
—
made
have(has)
—
had
—
had
pay
—
paid
—
paid
say
—
said
—
said
lay
—
laid
—
laid
sell
—
sold
—
sold
tell
—
told
—
told
【
“ee/ea” → “e..t” →
“e..t”
】
sleep
—
slept
—
slept
sweep
—
swept
—
swept
keep
—
kept
—
kept
leave
—
left
—
left
【
ABC
型】
:
【原形
→
变形
→
原形
+en/ne
】
be(am,is)
—
was
—
been
be(are)
—
were
—
been
see
—
saw
—
seen
do
—
did
—
done
go
—
went
—
gone
beat
—
beat
—
beaten
eat
—
ate
—
eaten
give
—
gave
—
given
hide
—
hid
—
hidden
fall
—
fell
—
fallen
mistake
—
mistook
—
mistaken
take
—
took
—
taken
drive
—
drove
—
driven
rise
—
rose
—
risen
ride
—
rode
—
ridden
write
—
wrote
—
written
【原形
→
“
-o-
” → “
过去式
-
n”
】
break
—
broke
—
broken
speak
—
spoke
—
spoken
choose
—
chose
—
chosen
forget
—
forgot
—
forgotten
freeze
—
froze
—
frozen
wake
—
woke/waked
—
woken/waked
(
原形
→ “ew” → “
原形
-
n”)
draw
—
drew
—
drawn
blow
—
blew
—
blown
show
—
showed
—
shown
*fly
—
flew
—
flown
grow
—
grew
—
grown
throw
—
threw
—
thrown
know
—
knew
—
known
【原形
→
“
-a-
” →
“
-u-
”
】
begin
—
began
—
begun
ring
—
rang
—
rung
drink
—
drank
—
drunk
sing
—
sang
—
sung
sink
—
sank/sunk
—
sunk/sunken
swim
—
swam
—
swum
【原形
-
ear →
“
-
ore” → “
-
orn”
】
wear
—
wore
—
worn
tear
—
tore
—
torn
bear
—
bore
—
born
【原形
-
ake →
“
-
ook” → “
-
aken”
】
take
—
took
—
taken
shake
—
shook
—
shaken
miatake
—
mistook
—
mistaken
【原形
-i
辅
e→
“
-o
辅
e” → “
-i
辅
(
辅
< br>)e”
】
drive
—
drove
—
driven
ride
—
rode
—
riden
rise
—
rose
—
risen
write
—
wrote
—
written
strive(v.
努力
)
—
strove
—
striven
【
ABA
型】
become
—
became
—
become
come
—
came
—
come
run
—
ran
—
run
overcome
—
overcame
—
overcome
【
AB
型】
(
无过去分词
)
may
—
might
mus
—
t must
can
—
could
shall
—
should
will
—
would
-
-
-
-
-
-
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