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一、名词单数变复数
1.
规则变化
①一般在名词后加
s,
变成复数
.
girl
→
girls,
pen
→
pens
< br>②以
s,x,sh,ch
结尾的
,
在后面加
es.
class
→
classes,
fox
→
foxes,
brush
→
brushes,
<
/p>
watch
→
watches.(
注意
stomach
的复数为
stomachs.)
③“以辅音字母
+y
”结尾的
,y
变为
p>
i,
然后再加
es.
baby
→
babies.
④以
f
或
fe
结尾的名词英语中共有
100
多个
,
其中直接加
s
的有
92
个
,
但这些绝<
/p>
大多数不常用
,
如
safe,
roof,
belief
等;把
f
或
fe
< br>改为
v,
再加
es
的只有
13
个
,
但
13
个都是常用的名词
,
如
thief, life, wife, shelf,
self, knife, half, leaf,
wolf
等
.
⑤以
o
结尾的名词
,
除有生命的“两人两物”
Negro, hero, tomato, pot
ato
等少数在
后面加
es
外
,
一般是在后面直接加
s.
如
kilo
→
kilos, photo
→
photos,
zoo
→
zoos,
radio
→
radios,
piano
→
pianos,
video
→
videos.
2.
不规则变化
man
→
men
woman
→
women
policeman<
/p>
→
policemen
foot
→
feet
goose
→
geese
tooth
→
teeth
child
→
children
mouse
→
mice
二、动词变三单(一般现在时)
注意
一般现在时表示经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。标志词:
always
,usually,often,sometimes,every
week(day,year,month?),once
a
week…
1.
一般的直接加
s
work
→
works
2.
以
< br>s,x,sh,ch
结尾的加
es
teach
→
teaches
go
→
go
es
3
以不发音的→
e
结尾动词
,
动词词尾加→<
/p>
d, live
→
lives
4.
以辅
音字母加
Y
结尾的把
y
变
i
加
es e.g.
:
study
→
st
udies
三、动词过去式(一般过去时)
注意
一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;
过去习惯性、
经常性的
动
作
、
行
为
;
标
志
词
:
ago,yesterday,
the
day
before
yesterday,last
week,last(year,night,month…),in
1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long
ago,once
upon a time...
1.
规则变化
①
一般情况下
,
动词词尾加
-ed,
work
→
worked
play
→
played
want
→
wanted
ask
→
asked
②
以不发音的→
e
结尾动词
,
动词词尾加
-d,
live
→
lived
move
→
moved
taste
→
tasted
③以“辅音字母
+y
”结尾的动词
,
把
y
改成
i,
加
-ed,
study
→
studies
try
→
tried
carry
→
carried
④重读闭音节动词
,
双写词尾辅音字母
,
再
加
-ed,
如:
stop
→
stopped
permit
p>
→
permitted
2.
不规则变化
①
A
---A---A
型(现在式、过去式、过去分词同形)
cost
cost
cost
花费
cut
cut
cut
割,切
hit
hit
hit
打
let
let
let
让
put
put
put
放下
read
read
read
读
hurt
hurt
hurt
伤
②
A---A---
B
型(现在式和过去式同形)
beat
beat
beaten
打
③
A---B---
A
型(现在式和过去分词同形)
come
came
come
来
become
became
become
变
run
ran
run
跑
④
A
---B
---B
型
i
在动词原形后加一个辅音字母
d
或
t
构成过去式或过去分词。
burn
burnt
burnt
燃烧
learn
learned/learnt
learned/learnt
学习
mean
meant
meant
意思
hear
heard
heard
听见
ii
把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“
d
”改为“
< br>t
”构成过去式或过去分词。
build
built
built
建筑
lend
lent
lent
借给
lose
lost
lost
失去
send
sent
sent
送
spend
spent
spent
花费
iii
其他
pay
paid
paid
付
lay
laid
laid
下蛋
say
said
said
说
bring
brought
brought
带来
buy
bought
bought
买
think
thought
thought
想
catch
caught
caught
抓住
teach
taught
taught
教
fight
fought
fought
战斗
sleep
slept
slept
睡
keep
kept
kept
保持
sweep
swept
swept
扫
stand
stood
stood
站
understand
understood
understood
明白
win
won
won
得胜
shine
shone/shined
shone/shined
发光
feel
felt
felt
觉得
find
found
found
发现
get
got
got
得到
hang
hanged/
hung
hanged/
hung
绞死,挂
have
had
had
有
hold
held
held
盛,握
leave
left
left
离开
make
made
made
制造
meet
met
met
遇见
sell
sold
sold
卖
shoot
shot
shot
射击
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