-
初三英语上册
第一单元语法
一、单元语法：动名词
1
、动名词的概说：动名词其实就是动词
ing<
/p>
形式，动名
词的否定形式是在前面加
no
t.
动名词具有名词的性质，可以在句中作主语、宾语和
表语
等。同时，它又具有动词的特
点，可以接宾语构成动名词短语，也可被副词修饰。
e.g
．
living
in the city(
动名词
living
后带宾语
ci
ty)
住在城
市
reading
aloud(
动名词
reading
被副词
aloud
修饰
)
大
声读
2
、
动名词的具体用法：
①
作主语：动名词作主语时一般也可用动词不定式。
e.g
．
Eating too
much is bad for your
health
．
= To eat too
much is bad for your
health
．
吃得太多对你的身体没有好处。
Swimming in the river is
dangerous
．
= To Swim in the
river is
dangerous
．
在江河游泳是危险的。
注：<
/p>
动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词要使用
单数第三人称形式
。
②
作表语：
动名词作表语一般句子的主语常常是无生命
的名词，而且表语和主语是对等
关系，说明主语的内容。
e.g
．
His
task
is finishing the
work
．
他的任务是完成工
作。
Her
hobby
is collecting
stamps
．
她的爱好是集邮。
注：<
/p>
动名词作表语时与进行时的形式相同，但进行时
中动词
ing
形式表示主语的动作。
e.g
．
His favorite
sport is playing football
．他喜欢的运动
是踢足球。
(
playing
作表语，说明
can’t
help
等动词或动词短语之后。
e.g
．
We will
finish reading the book in a week
．我们将在<
/p>
一周内读完这本书。
I enjoy living
in China
．我喜欢居住在中国。
注：
有些动词如
forget
，<
/p>
remember,stop
，
try,
like
，
love
等后面接动名词和
动词不定式作
宾语都可以，但意义不同。
e.g
．
forget doing
sth
忘记做过某事
forget to do
sth
：
忘记去做某事
remember doing
sth
记得做过某事
remember to
do sth
记得去做某事
stop doing sth<
/p>
停止做某事
(
不做
)
stop to do sth
停下来去做某事
(
要做
)
try doing
sth
试着／尝试做某事
try to do sth
努
力
/
尽力去做某
事
like
／
love doing s
th(
一贯性
)
喜欢做某事
like
／
love
doing sth(
偶然性
)
喜欢做某事
④
作定语：表示所修饰词的用途、性
质、特征等，位于
所修饰词的前面。
e.g
．
They went to
the swimming pool yesterday
．他们昨
< br>天去了游泳池。
He joined the skating club last
year
．
他去年加入
了溜冰俱乐部。
⑤
介词之后带动词，动词要使用动名词。
e.g
．
I'm afraid
of
seeing him
again
．
我害怕再见到他。
We’re interested
in
playing
football
．
我们对踢
足球感兴趣。
We can change
ice into water
by
heating
it
．通过加热
我们可以把冰变成水。
She passed me
without
saying a
word
．
她从我
身边过去，没有说一句话。
Thanks
for
helping
me
．
谢谢你帮助我。
主
语的内容
)
He is playing
football with friends
．他正在和朋友们
踢足球。
(
playing
为进行时
，表示
二、单元重难点
1
、
qui
ckly
，
fast
和
soon
三者都表示
“
快
”
，但其具体用法
有所区别：
①
主
qui
ckly
副词，表示动作速度迅速，敏捷，出手快，
语正在进行
的动作
)
③
作宾语：常用于
< br>allow,try,like
，
finish
，
enjoy,forget
，
stop
，
love
，
mind
，
practice
，
can’t stand
，
1
强调动作的突发性或短暂性；
e.g
．
Please answer
my questions
quickly
．
请迅速
地同答我的问题。
He threw the ball into the basket
quickly
．
他迅
速地把球投进球篮。
②
fast
可以作形容词和副词，与
quickly
相近，指运动
的物体速度快，强调物体运行过程
中的速度：
e.g
．
Jim runs very
fast
．
吉姆跑得很快。
Ann
walks too
fast
．
I
can’t follow
her
．安走得太
快，我跟不上她。
③
soon
副词，只指时间方面不久，快。
e.g
．
My father
will come back
soon
．
我爸爸很快就
回来。
It will rain
soon
．
很快就要下雨了。
2
、
特殊疑问词
when
，
what
，
ho
w, where
，
which
，
who
．
whom
等之后可以加动词不定式，
在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等句子成分。
e.g
．
How to
go
there is a
question
．
如何到那儿是个
问题。
(
作
主语
)
I know
where to
find
the boy
．
我知道在哪儿能找到
那个男孩。
(
作宾语
)
I
forgot
what to do
next
．
我忘记下一步要做什么。
(
作宾语
)
The
question is
how to use
it
．
问题是如何使用它。
(
作表语
)
3
、
aloud
，
loud
和
loudly
三者都表示
“
大声地
”
，但其具
体用法
有所区别：
①
aloud
作副词，强调
“
出声
”
能让人听见，无比较级和
最高级。
e.g
．
Please read
the text
aloud
．请大声朗读课文。
②
lo
ud
可作形容词或副词，主要指说话声、笑声很大，
常用于比较
级，也可指音量
“
吵闹
”
。
e.g
．
Speak
louder,
please
．
(
副词
)
请大声些讲。
He has a
loud
voice
．
(
形容词
)
他嗓门大。
The music is too
loud
．
(
形容词
)
音乐太大声了。
③
loudly
作副词，可指各种声
音大声，有时含有
“
喧闹
或
“
嘈杂
”
的意味。
e.g
．
Suddenly the
bell on the wall rang
loudly
．突然，
墙上的铃大声地响起来。
They are talking
loudly
with each
other
．他们在大
声地互相交谈。
4
、
remember
和
memorize
两者都表示
“
记住，
记得
”
，
但
2
其具体用法有所区别：
①
remember
用法比较广泛，可
以指任何对过去进行回
顾的思想活动，不论是有意的还是
无意的，而且常常暗含过去某事物的生动形象给某人
留下的深刻印象
。
e.g
．
I
remember
what he
said
．我记得他说了什么。
She
will
remember
the days that
she spent with
me
．她会记住和我一起度过的日子。
②
memorize
通常指有意识的、
努力的、费神的记忆活
动。
e.g
．
I try
to
memorize
each new word
．我尽力地记住
每一个新单词。
5
、
be afraid
of
／
be afraid
to
的区别。
①
be
afraid of sb
．／
sth
．
意为害怕某人
< br>(
或某物
)
e.g
．
The man is
afraid of
nothing
．
这个人什么都
不怕。
Jack is very
afraid of
his
teacher
．
杰克很怕
他老师。
②
be afraid of doing sth
．
害怕或担心发生某种
(
意外
)
情
况。
e.g
．
She
is afraid of
losing
her job
她害怕失去工
作。
He
is afraid of
being
late for
school
．
他担心上
学迟到。
③
be afraid to do sth
．害怕去干某事，没
有勇气去干某
事。
e.g
．
I'm afraid to
go
out at night
．
我害怕晚上出
去。
She
is afraid to
be
here alone
．
她怕独自一人
呆在这里。
④
be afraid + (that)
从句。意为
“
恐怕??
”
e.g
．
I'm afraid
(that)
I can’t help
you
．
我恐怕我
帮不了你。
I’m afraid
(that)
she is
ill
．
她恐怕生病了。
三、重要句型及短语
1
．
by doing sth
通过做某事
2
．
ask sb for help
向某人请求帮助
3
．
read aloud
大声朗读
4
．
learn a lot
学到很多
5
．
speaking skills
口头表达能力
6
．
get excited
激动
7
．
spoken English
英语口语
8
．
make mistakes
犯错误
9
．
how to do sth
如何做某事
10
．
later on
以后，随后
11
．
to begin with
开始时，首先
12
．
make sentences
造句
13
．
laugh at sb
嘲笑某人
26
．
make
／
write
vocabulary lists
列出词汇表
27
．
the way to do
sth
／
of doing sth
做某事的方式
28
．
help a
little
／
a lot
有点帮助／帮助很大
39
．
find+(
宾语<
/p>
)+
形容词
发现<
/p>
/
觉得
(
?
)
怎么样
30
．
have
conversations
／
talks with sb
和某人谈话
31
．
end up doing
sth
以做某事结束，结果为
…
32
．
do a survey
abou
t
?
做一个
关于
…
的调查
33
．
keep an
English notebook
记英语笔记
34
．
learn to do
sth
学会做某事
35
．
Loo
k
?
up in a dictionary
在字典中查找?
< br>36
．
Regar
d
?
a
s
?
把?当作／视为?
37
．
It doesn’t
matter
．
没关系。
38
．
be afraid to
do sth
害怕做某事
14
．
make
／
take
notes
做笔记
15
．
one's own
某人自己的
16
．
make up
编造，组成，拼凑成
17
．
worry about
担心，忧虑
18
．
behave with
与
…
相处
19
．
stay angry
生气
20
．
be lost
丢失，失去
21
．
last for long
持续久
22
．
solve a
problem
解决问题
23
．
complain about
抱怨
24
．
young adults
年轻人
25
．
break off
突然中止、中断
39
．
in a positive
way
用／通过积极的方式
40
．
try
／
do
one's best to do sth
尽某人的最大努力做某
事
41
．
as a second
language
作为第二语言
42
．
do one's duty
履行某人的职责
43
．
Compar
e
?
to
／
wit
h
?
把?和?作比较
3
44
．
Time goes
by
．
随着时光流逝。
< br>45
．
Chang
e
?
int
o
?
把?改变为?
46
．
It's one's
duty to do sth
．
做某事是某人的职责／责
任。
47
．
with the help
of sb = with one's help
在某人的帮助下
48
．
be
angry
／
annoyed with sb = be
mad at sb
生某人的气
／对某人发火
49
．
How
?
deal with sth? =
What
?
do with sth?
如何处理
某事
?
50
．
have trouble
／
difficulty
／
problems doing sth
做某事
有困难
magazine belongs to Carla.=The
magazine is Carla
’
s.
这本杂志是属于
Carla
的。
wei is her
favorite author.
海明威是她最喜欢的作家。
cal
music
古典音乐
might
know
the
way
to
the
hospital.=It
’
s
possible
that he knows the
way to the hospital.
他可能知道去医院的路。
must be selling cars.=
It
’
s certain that Jack is
selling cars.
杰克肯定在买小车。
house
can
’
t belong to that woman.
=
It is certain that the house
isn
’
t that
woman
’
s.
这座房子不可能是那个妇女的。
lock on the door
门上的锁
key to the door
这道门的钥匙
9.a set of
keys
一串钥匙
to the
concert
去听音乐会
a concert
take a
concert
听音乐会
listen
to a concert
a concert=hold a concert
举办音乐会
the
concert
在音乐
会期间
the symphony hall
在音乐大
厅
at one
’
s appointment
在和某人约
会
an appointment with sb
和某人有约
up 30% of
the final exam =count 30% to the final
exam
占期末考试的
30%
about
sb=be worried about sb=be anxious about
sb
担心某人
does
“
anxious
”
mean?=What
’
s the meaning of
“
anxious
”
< br>?=What
do
you
mean
by
“
< br>anxious
”
.
“
anxious
”
< br>
是什么意思？
e
of
因为?，由于?
a movie=be in a movie
拍电影
22.a strange
creature
奇怪
的生物
Bell Tower neighborhood
在钟塔一带
our
neighborhood
在我们四
邻
happened to the girl just now?
She
had a traffic accident.
这个女孩刚才发生了什么事？
fish.
她出了车祸。
There
must be something visiting our home.
fun
开玩笑
18. escape from
?从哪里逃跑出来
如：
local school
teacher
当地学校的老师
He escaped from the burning
building.
他从燃烧的大
the hallway
在走廊上
概中逃出来。
19. an ocean of +
名词
极多的，用不尽的
如：
an ocean
is a
shop selling school things in our school.
of energy.
我们学校有一家商店在卖学习用具。
20. unhappy
不高兴的
反义词
happy
高兴的
is a girl
crying over there.
21. final adj.
最后的
finally adv.
最后地
那边有个女孩在哭。
22.
dishonest
不诚实的
反义词
honest
诚实的。
in the
window
进窗里来
23. get on
上车
get off
下车
front of her house
在她的屋前
24. use up
用光、用完
director of the local zoo
如：
They have used up all the
money.
当地动物园的主管
他们已经用完了所有的钱。
from
?
从?逃跑
25. attempt
to do
试图
1.
情态动词
must, may ,
might, could, can
’
t
< br>表示推测含
如：
The
boys attempted to leave for Beijing.
义
与用法后面都接动词原形，
都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和
男孩子们试图想去北京。
推断但他们含义有所不同
26.
wake
动词
唤醒
must
一定
肯定
(100%
的可能性
)
常用的词组：
wake up
意为醒来
may,
might,
could
有可能，也许
(20
%
－
80%
的可能性
< br>)
如：
Please wake me up at 8
o
’
clock.
can
’
t
不可能，不会
(
可能性几乎为零
)
<
/p>
请在
8
点钟叫醒我。
The dictionary must be
mine. It has my name on it.
27. look
for
寻找
指过程
The
CD
might/could/may
belong
to
Tony
because
he
likes
find
找
指结果
listening to pop music.
如：
I am looking for a pen.
The
hair
band
can
’
t
be Bob
’
s.
After all, he is
boy!
我正在找一支笔。
（指找的过程）
2. whose
谁的
疑问词
作定语
后面接名词
I found my pen just now.
如：
Whose book is this? This
is Lily
’
s.
我刚刚找到了我的笔。
（指找的结果）
3.
belong
to
属于
如：
That
English
book
belongs
to
me.
28. hear
听
指听的结果
4.
当
play
指弹奏乐器时，常在乐器前用定冠词
如：
listen
听
指听的过程
play the guitar play the piano
play the violin
如：
Did you
hear ?
当
play
指进行球类运动时，则不用定冠词
如：
你听到了吗？（指听的结果，听或没听到）
play football play
basketball play baseball
I often listen to the music.
5.
if
引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，
我经常听音乐。
（指听的过程）
从句用一般现在时代替将来时
29. try one
’
s
best to do sth.
如：
If you
don
’
t hurry up,
you
’
ll be
late.
如果你不快
尽某人的最大努力去做某事
点，你将会迟到
如：
He tried his best to run.
6. if you have any idea== if you know
如果你知道
他尽他的最大努力去跑。
7. on
关于（学术，科目）
30.
名词所有格
名词所有格的构成有两种形式
8. try to do sth.
尝试做某事
①是在名词后面
加
’
s
或是以
s
结尾
的名词，只在名词的
如：
I try to climb the tree.
我尝试爬树。
后面
加
’
9. because of
, because
如：
Ann
’
s book
安的书
because of
+
名词
/
代词
/
名词性短语
our
teachers
’
office
我们老师们的办公室
because +
从句
注：双方共有的所有格，只在后面一个名词加’
s,
如：
如：
I do it because I like it.
Lily and
Lucy
’
s father
莉莉和露西的爸爸（她们的爸
我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
爸是同一个人）
I
had to move because of my job.
②有?
of
?介词短语表示无生命东西的所有格
如：
因为工作的原因我得搬家。
a picture of my family
我家人的相片
有时也
有’
s
表示无生命的东西的所有格
如：
10. own
v.
－
owner
n.
listen
v.
－
listener
n.
learn
v.
today
’
s
newspaper,
the
city
’
s name
－
learner
n.
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Listen! Some of the girls ______
(talk) about Harry
11. catch a bus
赶公车
Potter.
12. neighbor
邻居
指人
2.
—
Where is Mr. Green now? I
haven
’
t seen him for a
neighborhood
邻居
指地区也可指附近地区的人
few days.
13. local
当地的
如：
local teacher
当地的教师
—
He ______ (go) to Hong
Kong.
14. noise n.
噪音
是个可数名词
noises
3.
You
’
d
better
______
(not eat)
too much meat. You
are
15. call the police
报警
already overweight.
如：
Quick! Call the police!
快！叫警察！
4.
“
Titanic
”
is
a
very
nice
film.
I
______
(see)
it
twice.
16. anything strange
一些奇怪的东西
5. There
______ (be) an English Evening next Monday.
当形容词修饰
something,
anything,
nothing,
everything
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面
1. Listen! Some of the girls ______
(talk) about Harry
17.
there
be
sb./
sth.
doing
如：
There
is
a
cat
eating
Potter.
4
2.
—
Where is Mr.
Green now? I haven
’
t seen
him for a
few days.
—
He ______ (go) to Hong
Kong.
3.
You
’
d
better
______
(not eat)
too much meat. You
are
already overweight.
4.
“
Titanic
”
is
a
very
nice
film.
I
______
(see)
it
twice.
5. There ______ (be)
an English Evening next Monday.
6. I
spent half an hour ______ (finish)
doing my homework.
7. The
teacher told Xiao Ming ______ (not be) late for
school again.
8.
Please
write
to
me
as
soon
as
you
______
(reach)
Shanghai.
9.
Mr.
Le
is
out.
But
he
______
(be)
back
in
ten
minutes.
10.
When
the
headmaster
came
into
the
hall,
all
the
students
______ (stand) up.
单项选择
1. --- Can you swim in the river?
--- No, I _____.
A.
mustn
’
t B.
may
not C.
can
’
t D.
needn
’
t
2. ---
Ｍ
ay I go
swimming now?
---
No,
you
______.
You
must
finish
your
homework
first.
A.
mustn
’
t B.
may
not C.
couldn
’
t D.
needn
’
t
3. --- Excuse me. Where is the zoo?
---
Sorry,
I
don
’
t
know.
Ask
that
policeman.
He
_____
know.
A. shall B. may C. need
D. would
4. __________ I finish the
work today?
No, you
needn
’
t.
A. Must B. May C. Can
D. Need
5. --- Tom, where is your
father?
---
I
’
m not sure. He_______ in
his office.
A.
is B. may be C. maybe D. may
6. --- Where is Tom?
---
He
hasn't
come
to
school
today.
I
think
he________
be ill.
A.
has
to B.
should C.
might
D.
need
7.
This
book
_____
Lucy
’
s.
Look!
Her
name
is
on
the
book
cover.
A. must be B. might be
C. can
’
t be
D. mustn
’
t be
8.
There were three girls ________after them.
look g
一、词汇：用所给单词的适当形式填空。
_______( teenager )like to go out at
night.
2. He thinks this is his ______(
success) lifestyle.
thinks
young
people
today
show
that
they
are
cool
with
their______( personal
).
would
feel
more
____(
comfort
)
and
that
is
good
for
studying.
goes to help the old man _____( one ) a week.
are very ______( sleep ) in spring.
7.I’m sorry ______ (say) that there’s
nothing ______ (eat).
afternoon the biggest football match of this year
__ (be) on
TV
.
told us that Mr. Wu ___(see) the film before.
5
is ten years
since I ______
(leave) my hometown.
need
something ______ (drink), don’t you?
he or I ______ (be) right.
13 No ______ (smoke) in the hospital,
please.
would take out his money and
______ (pay) for the bill.
15.
It’s time for rest; let’s
stop ___ (have) our lesson.
color do you decide ______ (buy)?
moon_________(get) its light from the sun.
18.--Where is your
monitor?
”
--He_________(make)a
model plane in the
classroom.
”
new subjects ___you __(study) next
term?
students
of
Class
Four_______
(listen)
to
a
report
on
science this time
yesterday.
rain_________( not stop)
yet. You'd better not go out.
my
father got home, I ________(finish) my homework.
! Some of the girls ______ (talk) about
Harry Potter.
24.
—
Where
is
Mr.
Green
now?
I
haven’t
seen
him
for
a
few
days.
—
He
___________ (go) to Hong Kong.
’d
better _____
(not eat) too
much meat. You are already
overweight.
26.“Titanic” is a very nice film. I ___
(see) it twice.
__ (be) an
English Evening next Monday.
28.I spent
half an hour ___________ (finish) doing my
homework.
teacher
told
Xiao
Ming
___
___
(not
be)
late
for
school
again.
write to me as soon as you ______ (reach)
Shanghai.
. Le is out. But he __(be)
back in ten minutes.
the headmaster
came into the hall, all the
students ______ (stand) up.
33. I hear he likes
__
_____
(morning) very much.
34. I __
_____
_
(real) want to see him soon.
35. His
mother had a _
(quickly) breakfast, and
went to work
this morning.
the
teacher
often
help
you
with
your
___
____
(
homework)?
night
he
went
to
bed
later,
so
he
looks
___
__
(exhaust)
today.
you go to watch any _____
(video)
yesterday?
39.
___
____
_ (hundred) of people
took part in the party last night.
40.
They
were
waiting
for
the
_____
(school)
buses,
but
they
didn’t
come.
41.
He
told
us
a
quarter
of
the
world’s
population
____
(use)
English.
42. We think
English is the _____ (popular) language for
science.
43. I have two
(dictionary).One is
English-Chinese dictionary,
and the
other is Chinese-English dictionary.
44. A: What’s the result of the race,
Mary?
B: Jane is the
________ (one) in the race, Barbara is the ____
(two) and I am the _____ (three).
45.
The
Yellow
River
is
the
second
__________
(long)
river
in
China.
46. The boy is old
enough to _____ (dress) himself.
47.
The weather in Beijing is quite ___________
(difference) from
that in Guangzhou.
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