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浙江师范大学



外国语学院



课程大纲及教案





专业名称:








英语专业













课程名称:






《翻



译》



1











主导教材:


毛荣贵《新世纪大学英汉翻译教程》




所属课程组:






















课程负责人:

























适用年级:




英语专业本科


2003








0




学年第



二学期



翻译(


1




2


) 课程大纲




一、课程概况



课程名称:翻译



课程类别:专业基础课



















课程编号:






分:


4













时:


68











开课学期:五、六




二、课程教学目标和要求



1



[


教学目标


]


通过本课程的教学,帮助学生有效提高翻译实践能力和理论认识,达到高等学校英

< p>
语专业英语教学大纲对其翻译能力的基本要求,即:能运用翻译理论与技巧,将英美报


刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语,或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成


英语,译文忠实、流畅,译速每小时个英文单词汉字,使之可以胜任未来的中学英语教

< br>学以及其他涉及翻译能力的工作。



< br>2



[


课程要求


]


本课程为系列专业基础课,由英译汉和汉译英组成,要求学生按顺序修读。 为达到


课程教学的目的,采用讲练结合的方式,布置相当数量的课后作业要求学生按时按 量完


成,并积极参与课堂讨论。




三、教学内容与教学安排




1



[


教学内容要点< /p>


]


本课程教学以实践为主,理论为辅,重点是翻译技巧的介绍与 练笔,翻译内容涉及各类


文体、各个领域。课程安排按照讲练结合的原则展开,帮助学生 有步骤有针对性地训练


翻译的基本技能。通过大量的练习和讲评,强化学生对不同文本语 体特点和翻译原则的


认识,为其将来从事翻译工作或运用英语作为工作语言打下坚实的双 语转换实践基础。



2



[


教学安排


]


本课程教学 依据教学大纲,安排在本科三年级上、下两学期进行,共计


68


学时,


其中


36


学时为英译汉,


32


学时为汉译英,每周


2

< br>学时。教学计划允许授课教师在具体


操作中有一定的灵活度,但至少应包含以下< /p>


3


部分的主题内容:



1)



翻译概述


(含翻译的标准、


原则、


过程、


中外 翻译简史及翻译名家的主要观点等)




2)



翻译技巧讲练(介绍主要的英汉 互译技巧,结合学生的练笔进行讲评)




3)



多视角的翻译实践与研究(不同 领域的翻译实践及其操作原则与技巧,如外来词


翻译、报刊标题及新闻翻译、旅游翻译、 科技翻译、广告翻译、文化与翻译等;


在实践的基础上开始涉猎翻译的前沿理论,提高学 生对翻译的理性认识,目的在


于训练其解决问题的探索能力,为其将来从事翻译实践或理 论研究开辟一个窗


口)




四、教材及主要参考资料



教材:



毛荣贵:

《新世纪大学英汉翻译教程》


,上海交通大学出版社


200 2


年版



毛荣贵:

《新世纪大学汉英翻译教程》


,上海交通大学出版社


200 2


年版



主要参考资料:



Newmark, P.


A Textbook of Translation


. Shanghai: SFLEP, 2001.


Nida, E. A.


Language, Culture, and Translating


. Shanghai: SFLEP, 1993.



Nida, E. A.


Language and Culture: Contexts in Translating


. Shanghai: SFLEP, 2001.


陈宏薇:


《新实用汉译英教程》


,湖北教育出 版社


2000


年版


< br>冯庆华:


《实用翻译教程》


(


英 汉互译


)


,上海外语教育出版社


20 02


年版



杨平:

《名作精译



〈中国翻译〉英译汉选萃》

< br>,青岛出版社


1998


年版


< /p>


张培基:


《英汉翻译教程》


,上海外语教 育出版社


1980


年版



中国日报网站:


《汉英最新特色词汇》


,上海社会科 学院出版社


2002


年版



《中国翻译》杂志。



五、作业与考核方式



作业:


相关翻译练习



考核方式:


课程考核以平时作业和期末闭卷考试相结合的方式,


考核成绩由平时作业成


绩(


30%

)和期末考试卷面成绩(


70%


)组成。

< br>



Teaching Plan for Translation (1)



Title of Lesson: A Brief Introduction to Translation

















Week





1





Time Needed



Two periods



40 minutes per period





Teaching Objectives




1




Help


the


students


achieve


a


basic


understanding


of


translation:


its


nature,


classification,


evaluation criteria, the role of translator, etc.


2




Briefly introduce to the students the development of translation in China.



Key Teaching Points




1




The nature and evaluation criteria of translation.


2




The difficulties involved in translating process.



Difficult Teaching Points:


1




The nature of translation.



2




The evaluation criteria of translation.


3




The influence of language



cultural barriers on translation.



Teaching Contents:


I.



Discussion:


?



What is translation?


?



What is a successful translation?


?



What difficulties might occur in translating process?


A.



What is translation?


1.



Key words:


source


language(SL)



receptor


language



target


language(TL);


reproduce;


message



information; equivalence



correspondence



2.



Nature of translation (Eugene A. Nida):








Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural


equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly


in terms of style.


3.



Classification of translation:


a.



Oral interpretation



written translation


b.



Human translation



machine translation



c.



Literary



scientific



political



commercial translation


d.



Domestication (naturalization)



foreignization (estrangement, alienation)


e.



Literal translation



free translation


B.



What is a successful translation?


1.



严复:信、达、雅



(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)


2.



傅雷:以 效果而论,翻译应当象临画一样,所求的不在形似而在神似



3.



钱钟书:诱、讹、化



4.



Eugene A. Nida: natural



close; dynamicfunctional equivalence


C.



What difficulties might occur in translating process?


1.



Language



Cultural Barriers


Translatability is lower when (1) the work to be translated is quite distant both in


time and space; (2) its form is very much unique; (3) the content is not shared in the


two cultures.














Betrayal: Loss



Distortion


2.



Example analysis:


a.



东边日出 西边雨,道是无晴


却有晴






b.



纵一苇


之所如,凌万顷之茫然



..


The whole sky spangled gay twinkling stars, and the Milky Way is as distinct as


though it



washed and rubbed with snow for -widowed.




Romeo and Juliet



译文


1


:他要借你做牵引相思的桥梁














可是我却要做一个独守空闺的怨女而死去。


< br>译文


2


:他本要借你做捷径,登上我的床;














可怜我这处女,活守寡,到死是处女。



3.



In


the


long


run


there


is


a


tendency:


translation


itself


can


convert


intranslatability


into translatability.


e.g. crocodile



s tears; science



democracy


II.



The Role of Translator:


The craft of translator is



deeply ambivalent; it is exercised in a radical tension between


impulses to facsimile and impulses to appropriate recreation.




George Steiner


译者的技艺是一个深刻的矛盾体。


这种技艺是在两种冲动的极度张力之间形成的:


一方面是依样画葫芦的冲动,另一方面又有适当再创作的冲动。




A.



Metaphors for translator:


1.



A courier of the



spirits


(普希金)



2.



A sculptor who tries to recreate a work of painting


3.



A straitjacketed dancer


4.



A musician



an actor


5.



Traduttori-traditori (Translators are traitors.)


B.



Responsibility of translator:


1.



Competent linguistic ability & bicultural knowledge


2.



Being as transparent as possible


3.



Being a good negotiator


III.



The Development of Translation in China:


翻译史上的三个高峰期:



1.



汉至唐宋佛经的转译:支谦;鸠摩罗什;道安;玄奘




2.



明清 以后西欧科技文化的引进:徐光启;严复;林纾;


(译才并世数严林-康


有为)



3.



五四之后的现代阶段:郭沫若;鲁迅;瞿秋白;傅雷;钱钟书



IV.



Homework:






《新世纪大学英汉翻译教程》




P. 46






Title of Lesson: Contrast between English and Chinese (1)













Week





2





Time Needed



Two periods



40 minutes per period





Teaching Objectives




1




Introduce to the students some basic differences between English and Chinese.


2




Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating.



Key Teaching Points




The difference of language embodies the difference in thinking styles.



Difficult Teaching Points:


The embodiment of different syntactic features in translating process



Teaching Contents:


I.



Thinking Style and Diction


A.



In substantial


(虚)


vs. Substantial


(实)



1.



Embodiment


e.g.


In


this


new


year,


we


face


momentous


uncertainties:


war


(or


wars),


a


weak


economy.


译:< /p>


这新的一年里,


我们面临着战争


(乃至连 续的


战争)



经济低迷等一系列


重大


...


...


的 不确定因素




..


2.



Visualization


e.g. utterly quiet


鸦雀无声



e.g. In 1966 the North Korean team made it to the quarter finals.


译:


1966


年,北 朝鲜队成功地踢进


了四分之一决赛。



..


B.



Static


(静)


vs. Dynamic


(动)



Examples:


1) Compare the following two sentences and decide which one is better:





a) The pop star appeared on the stage, which caused the audience to stand up and


applaud.





b)


The


pop


star’s


presence


on


the


stage


brought


the


audience


to


their


feet


in


applause.


2) Translate the following sentence:


They are the employers of managers as much as they are the employs of workpeople.





译:他 们不仅雇佣


工人也雇佣


经理。



..


..


II.



Thinking Style and Syntax


A.



Hypotaxis

< p>
(从属结构)


vs. Parataxis


(并列结构)



1.



e.g. It is a pity,



that



any technology are always preceded by a radical change in



(


无灵名词


) as subject


e.g.


Doubts


began


to


creep


into


people’s


minds


about


the


likely


success


of


the


project.


译:人们


渐渐对这 项计划成功的可能性产生了怀疑。



..


2.



Preparatory word: it


3.



e.g. It



agentdoer)


e.g. It is generally believed that Hong Kong will continue to keep its prosperity and


stability after its return to China.


译:人们


普遍认为香港回归后会继续保持繁荣和稳定。



..


B.



Subject- Prominent


(主语句)


vs. Topic- Prominent


(主题句)



Examples:


1) We could only build one




for it, you must carry on.


Cigarettes were the death of me.


If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening


does not wish to get into trouble,



the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street.


If you confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one, remember it always.


Her sighs made it clear that she was unhappy.


They



serious disease if certain important elements are missing.


By


the


end


of


the


war,


800


people



saved


by


the


organization,


but


at


a


cost


of


200


Belgian and French lives.


1.



2.



3.



4.



5.



6.



7.



It


should


be


noted


that


:


Contrast


between


English


and


Chinese


(2)









Week





3





Time Needed



Two periods



40 minutes per period





Teaching Objectives




1




Introduce to the students some basic differences between English and Chinese.


2




Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating.



Key Teaching Points




1




Lexical differences;



2




Syntactic differences.



Difficult Teaching Points:


The embodiment of different syntactic features in translating process



Teaching Contents:


Comment on the palace



(**compare with dragon)



1.



No equivalent



e.g. mascon, cosplay




a tendency of translatability (e.g. bar, disco)


2.



Partial equivalent



a.



Polysemy


(一词多义)



e.g. aunt, bird, drink,






to ; lead; bill; reed



read


b.



Fixed expressions



e.g. ready money



pocket money



easy money




of the other.


B.



Word order



1.



Attributive modifiers



Examples:


1) something important


重要


的事




..


2) the ancient Chinese poet


中国古代


诗人



....


3) a little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar


一个身材瘦小


的叫化子,


面黄肌


....

...


瘦,衣衫褴褛,胡子拉渣的,还瘸着腿



.................


4) a candidate with little chance of success


一个当选希望极微


的候选人



......


2.



Adverbial modifiers



Examples:


1) to develop rapidly


迅速发展;


extremely fast


快极了



极快



2) With a bag of books we walked across the garden in the gray light of the dawn.


我们提着一袋书


,在 晨曦中


穿过了花园。



.....


....


3) He was quick to use self-deprecating



in Rome on May 27, 1980.



他是


1980




日在罗马


出生的。


< br>他于


1980





出生于罗马









5



< br>27




....





< br>.


5




27





..


II.



Syntactic Differences



A.



Transformation of sentence structure



1.



Simple Sentence



Complex Sentence



e.g. His superior grades at -free College of the City of New York.


由于在中学成绩优异,他进入了免费的纽约市立大学。



2.



Complex Sentence



Simple Sentence


e.g. That



is certain.


他肯定会来参加讨论的。



e.g. He doesn



t know what life means to




know the meaning of war and what it


was in reality.





当时我确实还不太懂得战争的意义以及战争实际上是怎么回事。



3.



Passive V


oice



Active Voice


e.g. He is respected by everybody.


人人都尊敬他。



e.g. I was told not to trust what I read in the newspaper.


有人告诉我不要相信报


纸上读到的消息。



B.



Sentence order



1.



Time order



e.g. He



in just the day before from Georgia where



basking in the Caucasian sun


after the completion of the construction job



engaged in in the South.


译:< /p>


他本来在南部从事一项建筑工程;


任务完成之后,


他就上格鲁吉亚去度假,


享受高加索的阳光,昨天才坐飞机回来。



2.



Logic order



a.



Cause-result order



b.



e.g. He




result order



e.g. She will play the piano


only if she is paid


.


只有付给她报酬,她才愿意演


奏钢琴。



III.



Homework



A.



Presentation task:



PK






Please find the full word of PK and its original meaning. Any related information would


also be appreciated.




Make a PPT document to present what you



5 minutes.




At


the end of


the PPT,


put in


the


source


of


your


knowledge


and


the


names


of


all


your


group members also.


B.



Translate the following paragraph:



It seemed a point scored for



Joanne, panicked that


-law would bungle the turnoff for the


Pulaski Skyway, shattered the tip of



the baby



s belly. It went unnoticed for a second until


Corinne screamed; then they all saw it, a little flea of fire glowing beside the perfect navel.


Joanne jumped, and squealed with guilt, and flapped



dot of char on the globe of immaculate


skin. Corinne continued



urgent. Mother




a department store; Joanne dabbed some of this


on,


and


in


time


Corinne,


shaken


by


more


and


more


widely


spaced


spasms


of


sobbing,


mercifully dragged :






琼恩正以为自己领先了一分呢,


忽然间她的公公在拐弯驶向普拉 斯基公路时差一点


要出车祸;她一惊之下,手里的烟头碰上车座靠背,发烫的烟灰(燃着 的烟灰)落在了


婴儿的肚子上。


起初的一瞬间谁也没有注意,< /p>


等到科琳大声哭了起来,


大家这才看见有


跳蚤那么大的一颗火星儿在那十全十美的肚脐边上闪着亮。琼恩弹(蹦)了起来,满怀


罪 恶感地尖叫着,


又是拍手又是跺脚,


把孩子紧紧搂在怀里。


然而罪证是无法销毁的了,


在白璧无瑕的滚圆的肚皮上,

< p>
烫出了一粒棕色的圆点。


科琳哭得死去活来,


不时 凄厉地


倒抽一口气。这时大家翻钱包,摸衣兜,找凡士林,黄油,牙膏——总之,能当药 膏用


的就行。


母亲拿出一小瓶花露水,


是一家百货公司的赠品;


琼恩把它轻轻地抹在孩子的


伤处上。渐 渐地,科琳抽噎的间歇拉长了,又过了一阵,她总算饶了他们,带着伤进入


了梦乡。





Title of Lesson: Transfer of Word Meaning













Week





4





Time Needed



Two periods



40 minutes per period





Teaching Objectives




1




Acquaint the students with a general idea about



of word meaning



Difficult Teaching Points:


1




Commendatory sense and derogatory sense


2




Amplification of word meaning



Teaching Contents:


I.



Representation


Comment on the



only be decided in certain context. For example:


1.



cover:


a.



They laid



a stretcher and


covered




blood.


b.



We


covered


400km in three



election for BBC television.


c.



I’


m going to the doctor



s tomorrow so do you think you could


cover


my shift


for me?


d.



Will ?


50


cover


your expense?


e.



Does your travel insurance


cover


you against the loss or theft of cash?


f.



I think more singers



any other song.


g.



We



ve got all the exits


covered


, so they



ve got no chance of escape.


Reference Version:


a.



他们把他放上担架,给他盖上


毯子。



..


b.



绷带上浸透


了血。



..


c.



三 个小时我们赶



400


公里路






d.


< /p>


这些停车限制对本地住户和外来人员同样适用


吗?



..


e.



f.



新的办事处业务遍及


全苏格兰。




....


她在为英国广播公司的电视 台报道


美国大选。



..


g.



明天我要去看医生,你能替我代班


吗?



..


h.



5 0


英镑够


你花了吗?





i.



j.



你的旅行保险金能补偿


你的现金丢失或失窃吗?



..


我想和其他他歌相比,



Yesterday


”被更多的歌手翻唱


过。



..


k.



我 们封锁


了所有的出口,使他们插翅难逃。




..


2.



back:


a.



She put the saddle on the



is


backed


by the U.N.


Our cat



one of



you :


a.



她把马鞍放在马背


上。




b.



她把车子倒


出窄路。




c.



你会支持


我反对其他人吗?



..


d.



该组织由联合国资助




..


e.



f.



我们的猫断了一条后


腿。


< p>


你读完杂志后记得放回原处


< br>


...


B.



Collocation:


Sometimes


different


Chinese


Words


should


be


employed


to


transfer


the


same


English word in order to form proper collocation.









e.g. exercise:












exercise


options


( 行使


选择权)





..












exercise


judgment


(作出


判断)





..












exercise


responsibility

< p>
(履行


责任)




..


exercise


monopo ly


(实施


垄断)


< br>


..


exercise


de mocracy


(实行


民主)




..


exercise


influence


(施加


影响)



..


C.



Word Form:


In many cases, different word forms (such as tense, plural form, etc.) lead to great


difference in word meaning. For example:









1) The roofs of this pagoda are constructed of colored glazed tiles of


yellows and greens


.

< br>这座宝塔的塔顶是用深浅不同的黄色和绿色


的琉璃瓦盖成的。



..........


1.










2) She rejected



of .


他是位有名望


的人。



..


D.



His


notoriety


as a rake did not come until



certain context.


For example:


1.



Those who do not remember the past are condemned to


relive it


.






凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙




....



2.



He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately



reputation


. I believe the


reputation



was not deserved.



他是个诚实正直的人,


但却不幸有某种坏名声



我相信他不该有这个 坏名声




...

...


1.



The word itself



aggressive


salesman.


他是个很有进取心干劲


的销售员。



......


II.



Aggressive



photographers


followed


the


princess


everywhere


and


flooded


the


media


with


photos of



aggressive


policy after



of Word Meaning


(词义的引申)



A.



虚实引申



1.



具体化引申














英语中也用代表抽象概念或属性的 词表示具体事物,译成汉语时一般作具


体化引申(


concre tion)




e.g.


During


the


meeting,


the


Chinese


Premier



met


respectively


with


,


British


and


Japanese


counterparts


.













会议期间,中国总理


分别会晤了德国总理


、英国首相


和日本国内阁总理大


..


..


..


.....






2.



抽象化引申














英语中,


特别是现代英语中,


常用一个表示具体形象的词来表示一种属性、


一个事物或一种概念。


翻译这类词时,


一般将词义加以抽象化 引申



abstraction)


,< /p>


使译文流畅、自然。



e.g. There is a mixture of the


tiger


and the


ape



in .”



尤利西斯格兰特将军曾对自己的军事成就作了如下评价:



事实上,我认为自


己是个动词


(独立而富于行动



;而不是个人称代词


(从属而被动






..


.......

< p>
....


.....









e.g. U.S. influence and prestige


nosedived


in Africa












美国在非洲的影响和声望急剧下降





....


B.



逻辑引申



e.g. Really, though, the books were about money



who



keep the butcher waiting


.












实际上,


这些书与金钱息息相关


——


谁得到了它,


把它藏到哪儿,


一身衣服要多


......

< br>


少钱,你能在肉贩那儿赊多久的帐




...............


III.


Homework


Find the different meaning of the single form and plural form of the following words:


art



arts



chain


chains




美术,艺术;技术





人文科学,文科





链条;连锁店





枷锁,镣铐



charity




救济金;施舍物;宽大



charities




慈善机构



cord



cords



(细)绳





灯心绒裤



damage




损害



damages




损害赔偿费



expectation


期待,预期



expectations


前程,成功的前景







地平线




批准,认可



国际制裁



sanctions




Title of Lesson: Converting






















Week





5





Time Needed



Two periods



40 minutes per period





Teaching Objectives




Introduce to the students one of the translating methods: converting.



Key Teaching Points




1




Converting into verbs


2




Converting into nouns


3




Converting into adjectives


4




Converting into adverbs



Difficult Teaching Points:


1




Converting into verbs


2




Converting into nouns



Teaching Contents:


Owing


to


the


different


thinking


styles


and


language



the


Israeli


withdrawal



from


West Bank and Gaza Strip.












1967


年联合国文件要求以色列从 约旦河西岸和加沙地带撤军


以解决


中东冲


..


..


突。



1.



Nouns containing verbal sense


(含有动作意思的名词)



e.g. A


look


at sometimes they embody a verbal sense instead. These nouns are often


converted


into


verbs


during


translating,


especially


when


they


do


not



your


class


are


good


singers


.



你们班上有些人歌唱


得很好。




Nouns as the principle part of a fixed expression


(作为习语主体的名词)


e.g. Shall


we



of .


他没提到他辞职


的事。



..


A.



Prepositions Converted into Verbs


e.g. Did you see the boy


in


blue?


你看到那个穿


蓝衣服的男孩了吗?





e.g. Drug taking is


against


the law.


吸毒是违


法的。




B.



Adjectives Converted into V


erbs


英语中表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词 ,在联系动词后做表语时,


往往转译成动词。


例如:

< p>
able, afraid, angry , anxious, ashamed, aware, careful, cautious,


certain,


concerned,


confident,


delighted,


doubtful


,


ignorant,


glad,


grateful,


sorry,


sure ,thankful, etc.


e.g.


The


doctors


said


that


they


are


not


sure



whether


they


can


save



a


week,


working


people


barely



aims


at


automatic


operation,


easy


regulation,


simple


maintenance and



of another independent country must be


stopped


.













侵犯另一个独立国家的行为必须予 以制止




....


C.



Adjectives Converted into Nouns


e.g. Crying is considered to be


characteristic


of woman.


人们认为爱哭是女人的特点




..


e.g. In this fission fragments are very


radioactive


.



在裂变过程中,裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性




...


**


此外,

the + adj.


往往表示一类人,通常也汉译为名词。



e.g. Do not look down upon


the poor


.


不要看不起穷人




..


D.



Adverbs Converted into Nouns


e.g. Nowadays many people in the society are


materially


rich but


spiritually


poor.


当今


社会中,有许多人物质


富有却精神


空虚。



..


..


E.



Pronouns Converted into Nouns


e.g. Radio waves are similar to light waves except that


their


wavelength is much greater.


无线电波与光波相似,但 无线电波


的波长要长得多。



....


II.



Converting into Adjectives


A.



Nouns Converted into Adjectives (aan + n.)


e.g. Independent thinking is an absolute


necessity


in study.









独立思考对学习是绝对必需



必不可少的




..


.....


B.



Adverbs Converted into Adjectives


e.g.


This


film


impressed



we


study


their


properties


can


we


make


better



use


of


these


materials.


只有研究这些材料的特点才能更好地< /p>


利用它们。



...


1.



e.g. A



ill, Crane continued to write.



The language of the poem is colloquial, yet it's deep in its understanding of



emotions.


Independent observers



the achievements you



this direction.


Traditionally, there



good relations between them.


No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the


old generation back 36 years ago.


6.



It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.


7.



The


lecture


was


called


Thieves,


and


was


a


demonstration


that


the


proprietor


of


an


unearned income inflicted on the community exactly the same injury as a burglar does.


8.



The young scholar worked long



meager food, in cold , up the path, up the steps, across


the veranda and into the porch.


9.



Most


U.S.


spy


satellites


are


designed


to


burn


u


p


in


the


earth’s


atmosphere


after


completing their missions.


Reference Version:


1.



在此期间,克兰处于半饥饿状态 ,而且常常生病,但他仍坚持写作。



a.


n.; a.



v.




2.



诗的语言虽很通俗,但对人的感 情的揭示理解却有深度。



a.



n.




3.



有独立见解的观察家们对你们在 这方面取得的成就给予了积极的评价。


(v.+adv.




v.+a.+n.)


4.



他们之间一直保持着传统的友好 关系。



adv.


< br>a.




5.



难怪老一辈的人见了这个就会想 起


36


年前的往事。



n.



v.




6.



生于社会,就不可能 脱离社会。



a.


< br>v.




7.



演讲的题目是“贼”

< p>


表明了一个攥取不义之财的人对公众造成的危害和盗贼是完全一


样的。



n.



v.




8.



年轻的学者吃着简单的饭食,< /p>


住在寒冷的茅屋,


靠着昏暗的灯光,长时间地工作着。

< p>
(prep.



v.)


9.



她轻盈地越过草地,跑上小道, 跨上台阶,穿过凉台,走进了门廊。


(prep.


< p>
v.)


10.



大多数 美国卫星完成使命后,按其设计在大气层中焚毁。



v.



n.




III.



Homework


Versatile Man


It is, perhaps, no accident that many of the outstanding figures of the past were exceptionally


versatile men. Right up until comparatively recent times, it was possible for an intelligent person


to acquaint



of genius like Leonardo da Vinci or Sir Philip Sidney engaged in many careers at


once as a matter of course. Da Vinci was so busy with



battle when



came very near to fulfilling


2.



3.



4.



5.




the Renaissance ideal of the “universal man”, the man who was proficient at everything.



Today, we rarely, if ever,



, far from being admired, is more often regarded with suspicion.


The modern world is a world of



order to compete with their fellows.



With this , the frontiers of knowledge are steadily being pushed back more rapidly than ever


before.


But


this



achieved


without


considerable


cost.


The


scientist,


who


outside



particular


subject is little more than a moron, is a modern phenomenon, as is the man of letters who is barely


aware of the tremendous strides that



made in technology. Similarly, specialization



every walk


of life. Many activities which were once pursued for their own sakes, are often given up in despair:


they require techniques, the experts tell us, which take a life-time to master. Why learn to play the


piano, when you can listen to the world’s greatest pianists in your own drawing


-room?


Little by little, we are becoming more and more isolated from each other. It is almost impossible to


talk to your neighbor about



if



roughly the same work as you are. The Royal Society in Britain


includes


among


its


members


only


the


most


eminent


scientists


in


the


country.


Yet


it


is




understand 50% of what is being said!


Reference version:


多才多艺的人



过 去有许多杰出人物都异乎寻常地多才多艺,


这也许并不是偶然的。


就在距今不远的时


代,一个聪明人仍有可能熟悉几乎每一个门类的知识。因此,对于列 奥纳多·达·芬奇和菲利


普·西德尼爵士这样的天才来说,同时致力于好几种事业也是顺 理成章的事。达·芬奇忙于众


多的发明,


几乎抽不出时间来完成 他的画作;


三十二岁就战死在沙场的西德尼不仅是一名勇


敢的战 士,


也是才华横溢的学者和诗人。


他们很接近文艺复兴时期对理 想人物的要求——“全


才”



即精通一 切的人。



今天,


我们很难得会听说哪 位音乐家刚刚发明了一种新型的潜水艇。


知识领域被一分再


分,


分成无数个范围狭窄而且互不通气的部门。


人们敬仰的是专家;


多面手非但不受人钦佩,


反而常常遭到怀疑。当今的世界是精通 专业的“专家”的世界,这些专家不得不用自己一生的


大部分时间研究一个十分狭小的领 域,这样才能与同行竞争。



随着专业化程度的提高,


知识的疆界正以前所未有的速度不断拓展。


然而我们也为此付

< p>
出了相当大的代价。


现在一个科学家离开了他自己的专业就不会比一个傻子 强多少,


正象一


个文学家对科技方面的重大进展几乎一无所知一 样,


这都是现代才有的现象。


同样的,


专业


化也间接影响到了各行各业的普通人。


以前仅仅是由于对它 们本身感到兴趣而去从事的许多



活动,


后来却往往被无可奈何地放弃了,


因为专家们说,


从事这些活 动所需要的技巧得付出


毕生的精力才能掌握。


当你能在自家客厅 里欣赏到世界上最杰出的钢琴家的演奏时,


你干吗


还要学钢琴呢 ?



渐渐地,


人们相互间的隔阂变得越 来越深了。


你简直不可能跟你的邻居交谈工作上的事,


哪怕他的 工作跟你的相差不多。


英国皇家学会的会员都是全国最优秀的科学家。

< br>然而,


令人


深感不安的是,


正如 它的一位会员所指出的那样,


即便是在这里举办一次讲座,


也只 有


10



的会员能够听懂其中


50


%的内容!





Title of Lesson: Adding































Week





6





Time Needed



Two periods



40 minutes per period





Teaching Objectives




Introduce to the students one of the translating methods: adding words.



Key Teaching Points




1




Adding verbs


2




Adding nouns


3




Adding words which indicate the plural form or tense


4




Adding words which are syntactically omitted in the source text



5




Adding words which suggest the textual



social context



Difficult Teaching Points:


1




Adding nouns


2




Adding words which indicate the tense


3




Adding words which suggest the textual



social context



Teaching Contents:


I.



Comment on the



of adding


英汉两种语言 ,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能将词类转换,有时候也可能


将词量增减。



增词法就是在翻译时按意义上或修辞上或句法上的需要增加一些词来 更忠实、


通顺


地表达原文思想内容。这当然不是无中生有地随意 乱加,而是增加原文中虽无其词却有


其义的一些词。



II.



Adding verbs


e.g. There


were


no


speeches,


no


foreign diplomats,


no



ordinary


Chinese




with


paper


flags


and flowers.




没有发表


讲话,


没有各国外交官到场



也没有“中国群众”挥舞


纸旗和花束的场面 。



..


..


..


e.g. After the banquets, the concerts, and the table tennis exhibitions,



the drafting of the final


communiqu


é


.




参加


完宴 会,出席


过音乐会,观看


了乒乓球表演赛之后,他还得起草最后 公报。



..


..


..






e.g. I



m really busy this morning: 2 classes, a meeting, and an interview.




我今天上 午的确很忙,要上


两节课,开


一个会,还要接受


一个采访。




< p>
..


III.



Adding adjectives


e.g. With what enthusiasm the Beijingers are studying foreign languages!




北京的人们正以多么高


的热情学习外语啊!




e.g. What a daylife!





多么(



热冷难熬幸福悲惨



)的一天生活啊!



........


IV.



Adding adverbs


e.g. How the little girl looked after



talking, words poured out.




他一开讲,就滔滔不绝地


讲个没完。



.....


V.



Adding nouns


A.



After the intransitive verb


e.g. Be sure to wash before meal.






饭前一定要洗手





e.g. Doesn



t she wash after getting up?







起床后她难道不洗漱(洗脸


刷牙


)吗?





e.g. He sometimes forgets to wash before going to bed.







他有时忘记洗脚


就上床睡觉。




e.g. Day after day she does the same: washing, sweeping, and cooking.







她日复一日地做着同样的家务:洗 衣服


,拖地板


,做饭




..


..



B.



Before the adjective


e.g. The radio is indeed cheap and fine.







这台收音机真是物


美价


廉。





e.g. She is a complicated girl



moody, sensitive and skeptical.







她是个 性格


复杂的人:喜怒无常,多愁善感,疑神疑鬼。



..


C.



After the abstract noun


e.g. After all preparations were made, the sports meet began.







一切准备工作


就绪后,运动会开始了。



..


e.g. In the summer of 1969, the government publicly urged an easing of tensions with


China.







一九六九年夏天,政府公开主张缓和与中国的紧张关系


< p>


..


D.



After the concrete noun


e.g. He felt the patriot rise within



son guilty.







法官的 职责


战胜了父子之情


,他最终判决自己的儿子有罪。

< p>



..



VI.



Adding words which indicate the plural form


汉语中名词的复数没有词型变化,很多情况下不必表达出来,但要表达



指多数人


的名词时,可用“们”

< p>


如“老师们,同学们”



或在名词前加“各位诸位”



或独立使用“大家”

< p>


表达事物的复数时可用“若干”等。此外,英语名词复数汉译时还可根据 情况,增加重叠


词、数词或其他一些词来表达,以提高修辞效果。



A.



增加重叠词表示复数



e.g. Flowers bloom in the fields.






朵朵


鲜花开满原野。



..


e.g. Every summer, tourists go to the coastal cities.







一到夏季,旅游者纷纷


涌到海滨城市。



..



e.g. Rows of new



set up.






一排排


的新房建成了。



...


B.



增加数词或其它词表示复数



汉语中有 些数字词汇在文中并不表示具体的数字,


只是表示“多,


众多” 的意思,


如百(百花齐放,百家争鸣,百鸟朝凤,百感交集)


、 千(千篇一律,千人一面,


千方百计)


、万(万众一心,万紫千 红,万水千山,千难万险)等;还有些词,如、



群、众、历、丛等也表示数量的多:











e.g. The lion is the king of animals.






狮子是百


兽之王。












e.g. The mountains were covered with snow.







山白雪皑皑。












e.g. The crowd made a way for



rose slowly from the calm sea.








一轮


红日在平静的海面上冉冉升起。




C.



英语 中有些动词或动作名词,译成汉语时常需增加一些表示行为、动作的动量词。



e.g. Shall we . He used to be as poor as we are.







听人说,从前

他爸爸是个打鱼的。他过去也跟我们现在


一样穷。



..


..


VII.



Adding auxiliary words which indicate the tone


汉语中有许多语气助词,如:的、吧、呢、啊、呀、吗、嘛、啦、了 、罢了、而


已等。


在英译汉时,


要细心 体味原文,


使用汉语语气助词,


更好地表达原文的修辞色彩。< /p>






e.g. Don



t take it so seriously. I just make fun of you.




不要当真嘛


!我不过是跟你开玩笑罢了




.< /p>


..


VIII.





e.g. As for me, I



the source text


A.



问答句



e.g.




Is this your book?




Yes, it is.




这是你的书吗?





是我的




..


e.g.




what? Don



t you love conference a ready man; and writing an exact man







“读书使人充实,讨论使人


机智,笔记使人


准确。



培根


:


《论读书》王佐


..


..


良译)



B.



比较句



e.g. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.












从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败


中吸取教训


更好。



..


....


e.g. The villagers are as ready to look after



daughter.












村民们愿意照顾她,正如他们愿意照顾


他们自己的女儿一样。



....


C.



隐含条件句



e.g. At the time of Kennedy



s assassination, people thought that a second term would




a Third Reich.












然而如 果


没有希特勒,那就几乎可以肯定没有第三帝国。



..


IX.



Adding words which indicate the textual



social context


e.g. In April, there was the



ping





July, the ping



ponged



.

< br>如只照原文译出“四月份,全世界听到乒的一声;七月里,这乒声乓了一下。


”< /p>


读者肯定不知所云。根据中美建交的背景知识,把这段外交史话译为:




四月里,全世界听到中国< /p>


乒的一声把球打了出去


;到了七月,美国


乓的一声把


..


......


..



球打了回来




.....


e.g. Mao and Zhou learned that Nixon



ministers of China, Russia, Japan and the U.S. met in Tokyo.










中、俄、日、美四国


外长在东京会晤。



..





e.g.


China


is


willing


to


exchange


views


with


any


countries,


politically,


culturally


and


economically.








—中国愿意同任何国家在政治、文化、经济等各个方面


进行交流。< /p>



.....


X.



Adding linking words


e.g. Yes, , maybe.






—不错,他喜欢足球。现今很多人喜欢足球。这


似乎是种时髦。




A.



e.g. You



Task: translate the following sentences.


1.



Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.


2.



Air pressure decreases with altitude.


3.



Avoid using the computer in extreme cold,



inch of topsoil.


4.



Emperors unexceptionally regarded the common people as weed.



5.



Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.



6.



He


becomes


extremely


excited


whenever





mountains,


waters,


flowers,


plants,


fishes and birds.


B.



Translate the following passages:










I will tell you what literature is! No



I only wish I could. But I can



t. No one can.


Gleams can be thrown on the secret, inklings given, but no more. I will try to give you


an inkling. And, to do so, I will take you back into your own



you went for a walk with


your


faithful


friend,


the


friend


from


whom


you



truth,


somewhat


inclined


to



by


an


overpowering fascination. And as your faithful friend was sympathetic and discreet, and


flattered


you by a respectful curiosity,


you proceeded further and further into the said


matter,


growing


more


and


more


confidential,


until


at


last


you


cried


out,


in


a


terrific


whisper:



My boy, she is simply miraculous!



At that moment you were in the domain


of literature.


Reference version:


A.



句子翻译:




1.




物质可以转化为能,能也可以转化为物质。



2.



气压随海拔高度的增加而下降。



3.



不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过多、湿度过大的情况下使用此电脑。



4.



根据科学家们的看法,自然界要 用


500


年的时间才能形成一英寸的表层土壤。



5.



历代帝王都把老百姓视为草芥。



6.



过勇则蛮,过仁则懦,过俭则贪。



7.



他一说起家乡来就很兴奋,什么 山啦,水啦,花啦,草啦,鱼啦,鸟啦等等。




B.



段落翻译:



我来告诉你们什么是文学 !不——但愿我可以,可我说不上来。也没人能说明白。


关于文学的奥秘,我们只能窥见 一线微光,感受到一点模糊的印象(提示)


,仅此而已


(再多就 办不到了)


。我就试着给大家提供这么一个印象(提示)吧。要做到这一点,

< p>
我得带你重返你亲身经历过的一幕场景,也可能你将来才会有这样的经历:某天傍晚,


你和你的挚友一起散步,


对他你是无话不谈——或者几乎是无话不谈!


那晚有件不同寻


常的事一直占据着你的心思,


说实话,


你原本是想对他保守秘密的。


然而这事却有一股


无法抗拒的吸引力,


不知怎么你就有意无意地谈到了它


(不知怎的你还是拐弯抹角地谈


到了它)


。你的那位挚 友慎重而富有同情心(善解人意,说话又小心)


,再说他那副急于


洗耳恭听的模样也让你颇有点得意,


于是你对这个话题越谈越深,

越谈越推心置腹,



后你竟激动地低声喊了出来:


“兄弟,她真的是不可思议!


”那一刻你便已置身于文学的殿

< p>
堂(境界)了。





Title of Lesson: Cutting






























Week





7





Time Needed



Two periods



40 minutes per period





Teaching Objectives




Introduce to the students one of the translating methods: cutting words.



Key Teaching Points




1




Cutting pronouns


2




Cutting conjunctions


3




Cutting articles


4




Cutting prepositions



5




Cutting repeated phrases



Difficult Teaching Points:


1




Cutting pronouns


2




Cutting conjunctions


3




Cutting repeated phrases



Teaching Contents:


?



Presentation & Comment on the Homework


?



Cutting words


From the Grammatical Aspect


I.



Cutting pronouns


A.



Cutting the pronoun as subject


1.



根据汉语习惯,后句主语若与前句相同,不必重复出现。



e.g. But it



s the way I am, and try as


I


might,


I



t been able to change it.


就是这个脾气,虽然竭力想改,终究还是改不了。


< p>
2.


泛指人称代词作主语时,即便是第一个主语,也往往省略掉。



e.g.


You


can never tell.





很难说。



e.g.


We


eat to live, but not live to eat.





不过我






吃饭是为了活着,可活着不是为了吃饭。












e.g.


Anyone


who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist.
















不承认这个事实,就不是唯物主义者。



B.



Cutting the pronoun as object


e.g. This formula makes


it


easy to determine the wavelength of sounds.







这一公式使得测定声音的波长十分简单。



e.g. Before



your translation, you



and see if there is anything in


it


to be corrected or


improved.







交出翻译之前必须多读几遍,看看里面有没有要修改的地方。



C.



Cutting the possessive pronoun


e.g. For two weeks,



studying the .







连着两星期他都在观察房子的情况,检查各个房间,查看线路、通道和花

园的布局。



e.g. The train came. He pinched



was away.







火车来了。他疼爱地捏了捏小妹妹 ,粗壮的胳膊搂了一下母亲的脖子,然


后就走了。



D.



Cutting the pronoun in comparative sentence


e.g. The climate in Switzerland is absolutely different from


that


in Somalia.







瑞士的气候与索马里截然不同。



E.



Cutting



it




A




Cutting



it



as impersonal pronoun


e.g. Outside


it


was raining cats and dogs as she shut the door.







她关门时外面正下着滂沱大雨。



B




Cutting



it



as emphatic pronoun


1.1



e.g.


It


was only then that I began to



e.g.


He


considered


the


National


Security


Council


too


large


and



bulky


and



thus


too


leaky, too many people who talked too much.







他认为 国家安全委员会机构过于庞大臃肿,人多嘴杂,容易泄密。



1.2



e.g. Your parents


or


your wife


or


your son


or


your best friends might be expecting you


back



A)



省略表示原因的连接词




e.g. We knew that summer was coming,


as


we could see a swallow.







我们看见一只燕子,知道夏天就要来临了。



e.g.


Because


the departure was not easy, we



d better make it brief.







离别不 是件容易的事(离别真叫人难受)


,我们还是简短些吧。



B)



省略表示条件的连接词



e.g.


If


winter comes, can spring be far behind?







冬天来了,春天还会远吗?(雪莱 《西风颂》




e.g. I would not



it.







早知如此我就不说了。



C)



省略表示时间的连接词



e.g.


When


at last



the bluff,




June 6, 1944,


after


the European war was basically


decided and Hitler licked, the allies launched their long-delayed western front.







1944



6



6


日, 欧洲战局基本已见分晓,希特勒败局已定,盟军终于


在这一天开辟了延迟了很久的西线战 场。



II.



Cutting articles


e.g. Any substance is made of atoms whether it is


a


solid,


a


liquid, or


a


gas.







任何物质,不论是固体、液体或气体,都由原子构成。


(类别)



e.g.


The


moon was slowly rising above


the


sea.







月亮从海上冉冉升起。


(独一无二的事物)



e.g. When I got to


the


cinema,


the


film .







我到电 影院时,电影已经开始了。


(特指)



但在下列情况中冠词不能省略:



A)



不定冠词




a(n)




强调数目“一”或“每一”



“同一” 时:



e.g. twice


a


week; birds of


a


feather


同一种类的鸟



e.g. He left without saying


a


word.





他一句话不说就走了。



B)



定冠词




the




强调“这”



“那”时:



e.g. This is


the


boy who broke our window five minutes ago, sir!


III.



Cutting prepositions



e.g. The difference


between


the two machines consists in power.







这两台机器的差别在于功率不同。



e.g. Hydrogen is the lightest element


with


an atomic weight of 1.0008.







氢是最轻的元素,原子量为


1.0008




* *


一般说来,表示时间和地点的介词短语放在译文句首时大都可省。


e.g. The battle began


at


11:00 p.m.







夜晚


11


点,战役打响了。


(比较:战役在夜晚


11


点打响。



e.g. An ancient castle stood


on


the edge of the cliff.







悬崖边矗立着一座古堡。


(比较:一座古堡矗立在悬崖边。




IV.



Cutting verbs


e.g. When the pressure


gets


low, the boiling point


becomes


low.







气压低,沸点就低。



e.g. Solids expand and contract as liquids and gases


do


.







如同液体和气体一样,固体也会膨胀和收缩。



From the Rhetorical Aspect


1



Cutting the repeated phrase


e.g.


Instead


of


one


old


woman


knocking


me


about


and


starving


me,


everybody


of


all


ages


knocked me about and starved me


.




那时打我、让我挨饿的不只是一个老太婆,而是老老少少各式各样的人。



2



Cutting words which are not necessary


e.g. His younger sister is an


actress


.






他妹妹是个(女)演员。



e.g.


As


scheduled,


Chinese


and


American


diplomats


met


on


January


20,


at


the


Chinese


Embassy in Poland. It was their first


get- together


in more than two years.




中美两国外交官按照预定计划于一 月二十日在波兰的中国大使馆会晤。


这是两


年多来的第一次。< /p>



I.



e.g. University applicants who



1.



But Humboldt never took to them. He disliked their affluent way of life, with plenty of


food and drink and all the work done for them by the Indians. As far as Humboldt was


concerned, they only did



Europe.


2.



They went in to dinner. It was excellent, and the wine was good. Its influence presently



them. They talked not only without acrimony, but even with friendliness.


3.



Despite the privation, and the mounting toll of dead and wounded, morale remained intact,


and people still smile in the street.



4.



She curtseyed again, and would



she



the new continent, the immigrants from Europe



and abound in natural resources.


II.



The minister wished now that



given the white elephant, for :


Whoever



must remember the kaatskill Mountains. They are a dismembered branch of the


Appalachian


family,


and


are


seen


away


to


the


west


of


the


river,


swelling


up


to


a


noble


,


every


change of weather, indeed, every



the magical



the weather is fair and settled, they are clothed in


blue and purple, and print their bold outlines on the clear evening sky; but sometimes when the


rest of the landscape is cloudless, they will gather a



the last rays of the setting sun, will glow and


light up like a crown of glory.


At the foot of these fairy mountains, the voyager may



of the nearer landscape. It is a little village


of great antiquity,



founded by some of the Dutch colonists in the early times of the province, just


about


the


beginning


of


the


government


of


the


good


Peter


Stuyvesant


(may



peace!),


and


there


were some of the



a few years, built of small yellow bricks brought from Holland, :


I.



句子翻译



1.



然而洪保德决不喜欢他们——他 们生活奢华,大吃大喝,而且事无巨细全都扔给印


第安人做。就洪保德而言,他们只给他 办过一件好事,就是收下了他的信,并让人


稳妥地送到他在欧洲的朋友手中。

< p>


2.



他们进屋用餐。 美酒佳肴不久就发生了作用,他们的交谈不仅没有恶言恶语,甚至


还颇为友好。



3.



尽管物资匮乏 ,伤亡增加,但士气并未受到影响,街上的人照常会面带笑容。



4.



她又行了一个屈膝礼,要不是她 的脸一直都红得那么厉害,这会儿说不定还会涨得


更红些呢。



5.



在新大陆生活了十年之后,欧洲 移民已经适应了这里的水土、气候和季节变化。



6.



这些发展中国家地大物博,人口众多。



7.



此时这位大臣宁愿那头白象没赐 给自己,养又养不起,又不敢送人。



II.






段落翻译:



曾经沿哈得逊河溯流而上 的人,


必定不会忘记卡茨基尔山脉。


那是阿巴拉契亚山系的一< /p>


条旁支,从河的西岸远远望去,群山拔地而起,高耸入云,君临一方。季节的每一次更替,


天气的每一次变化,乃至一天中每个时辰的流逝,都会使它们奇妙的色泽和形状有所变幻 ,



故而被远近的主妇们视为最佳晴雨表。

天气持续晴朗时,


千山万壑身披蓝紫相间的衣衫,



峻的轮廓映衬着傍晚澄澈的天空,


显得格外清晰;

有时周围地区万里无云,


山顶却笼着一层


灰蒙蒙的薄雾,在 落日的余晖中,似一顶灿烂的皇冠熠熠生辉。



在这缥缈如仙境 的群山脚下,


船上的旅客也许会看到,


就在淡蓝的山色与较近处 那片青


翠葱茏的景致交融的地方,


袅袅炊烟正从一座村落的上空 升起,


几簇屋顶在绿树掩映中若隐


若现。这是个非常古老的小村 庄,是荷兰殖民者在该州(该郡)成立初期所建,当时仁慈的


彼得·斯图佛逊

< p>
1


(愿他在地下安息!


)刚开始执政不久。前两年 这里还遗留着几所最早的移


民的房屋,都是用荷兰运来的小黄砖造的,格子窗,人字门墙 (正面是山形墙)


,屋顶装着


风向标(风信鸡)




凡是在哈得孙河上游航行过的人,


必定记得卡兹吉尔从山,


那是阿帕拉契亚山脉的一支


断 脉,


在河的西岸,


巍巍然高耸云端,


威 凌四周的乡村。


四季的每一转换,


气候的每一变化,

< p>
乃至一天中每一小时,


都能使这些山峦的奇幻的色彩和形状变换。


远近的好主妇会把它们看


作精确的晴雨表。


天气 晴朗平稳的时候,


它们披上蓝紫相间的衣衫,


把它们雄浑的轮廓 印在


傍晚清澄的天空上,但有时,虽然四处万里无云,山顶上却聚着一团灰雾,在落日的 余晖照


耀下,象一顶灿烂的皇冠似的放射着异彩。


< p>
在这些神奇的从山脚下,


航行的旅客有时会看见轻烟从一座村落里袅袅而上 ,


树丛中隐


约地闪露出农家的木屋顶,


那正好是山上的青葱转变为近处一片新绿的地方。


这是一座非常


古老的小村庄,是荷兰殖民者在这个州成立初期建造起来的,正当好心的彼得·斯太弗山特


2


(愿他在地下安眠!



开始执政的 时候;


不久以前,


这里还有几所最初来此定居的人的房屋,


它们都是用荷兰运来的小黄砖造的,格子窗,人字门墙,屋顶上装着风信鸡。


(万紫、雨宁



1



彼得·斯图佛逊(


1592?-1672



,荷兰殖民统治者,他是新尼 德兰的最后一任荷兰总督


(1646-1664


年)

< p>


彼得·斯太弗山特(


1062

< br>-


1682



,荷兰人,曾任荷 兰统治下的新尼德兰(纽约旧名)最后一任总督。



因其苛政而 不受人们欢迎,终于


1664


年被迫将该殖民地拱手让给英国。



2




译,


《欧文短篇小说选:瑞普·凡·温克尔》






Title of Lesson: Repeating
































Week





9





Time Needed



Two periods



40 minutes per period





Teaching Objectives




Introduce to the students one of the translating methods: repeating.



Key Teaching Points






Repeating for the sake of explicitness



Difficult Teaching Points:




The translation of



n. + substitute






Teaching Contents:


?



Comment on the Homework


?



Repeating


重复在汉语语篇中十分常见,是语篇衔接的一种主要手段。


< /p>


英语语篇的衔接主要依赖代词、


助动词或同义词替换,

< p>
一般情况下避免重复的出现,



是英语表示衔接的 特点;


重复原词,


不用代词替代原词则是汉语表示衔接的特点。


这是说的


“用”和“不用”都是相对的,不应该理解成英语不用 原词复现和汉语不用代词。



重复法实际上也是一种增词法,< /p>


只不过增加的是上文刚刚出现过的词。


翻译与写作一样,


本应精练;但为明确、强调和生动,往往需要将一些关键词加以重复。



I.



For the sake of explicitness


有些词在英语中无需重复,


可是译成汉语就必须重复,


否则会造成文理不通或逻辑混乱。



A.



e.g. Gas, oil and electric


furnaces


are most commonly used for



of Noun


1.



n.+substitute


英语第二次提到讲过的事物时习 惯用代替词表示替代,


汉语则重复原词。


这里

< br>的代替词包括物主代词,不定代词,指示代词,同义词,


the same, so, do(as), etc.


e.g. Jack kicked the ball to Henry and Henry kicked it back to Jack.












杰克把球踢给亨利,亨利又(把球)踢回给杰克。



e.g. Striking through the thought of



Building Four and theirs is in the Main Building.












我们的实验室在四号楼,他们的实验室在主楼。



e.g. My room is lighter than the one next door.












我的屋子比隔壁的屋子亮。








e.g. If you need any more money, you must get some out of the bank; there is



the



Switzerland.





最好的表是瑞士表。



e.g. Happy families also



troubles.







幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。



e.g. Respect for the views of others is easy when these vi


ews are like one’s own.








当别人的观点和自己的观点一样时,尊重别人的观点是容易的。



e.g. Discount



one week.








他们要求得到承诺,而这些承诺要在一周内兑现。



2.



n. (+n.)



英语第二次提到讲过的事物时也可能直接省略,


这在口语中尤为常见,


汉语有


时则需重复该名词。这 在增译法中已有述及。




e.g. Doctors will get more practice out of me than out of 100 ordinary patients.










医生们从我一个人身上得到的临床 经验会比从一百个普通病人身上得到


的临床经验还多。



3.



v.+v.+n.

< p>
英语中两个并列的谓语动词后跟同一个宾语时,


往往只保留最后一个宾语,



语有时习惯重复该名词。



4.



e.g. Students must be cultivated to .+adj.



adj.+n.+n.


当两个并列的形容词修饰同一个名词时 ,


英语常把第二个名词省略,


汉语则重


复该名词;


当同一个形容词形容两个或更多的并列的名词时,


英 语只用一个形容词,


汉语则重复形容词。












e.g. W


hat’s the difference between a direct question and an indirect?













直接疑问句和间接疑问句有什么不同?








e.g. New records and inventions are being made continually.












新记录和新发明不断产生。



B.



Repetition of Verb







英语中一个动词常跟几个宾语或表 语,汉译时往往重复这个动词。








e.g. Is



enemy?





他是朋友还是敌人呢?



C.








e.g. They talked about about



of Pronoun


e.g. Whoever breaks the law should be punished.




谁犯法,谁就该受到惩罚。



e.g. Whenever you are free, please come and



Sundays, some review their lessons and others go


window-shopping.

















星期天,有的复习功课,有的去逛 街。


(星期天,复习功课的复习功课,


逛街的逛街。

< p>















e.g.


In


1974,


we


graduated


from


the


middle


school.


Some


entered


college,


others


joined the army and I became a teacher in my village.

















1974


年,我们高中毕业。有的上大学去了,有的参军了,我则回村做了


教师。



II.



For the sake of emphasis


为了强调,英语中往往重复关键词,以使读者加深 印象。汉译时可以采用同样手段。



A.



英文中有重复的词,译文也重复同样的词



e.g. Gentlemen may cry peace, peace,



but there is no peace.







先生们尽管高喊和平,和平,但是依然没有和平。



e.g.



Day by day we are moving closer to Bagdad. Day byday we are moving closer to


victory.









“我们一天天逼近巴格达,我们一 天天接近胜利。



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