倒装句

(

如助动词、情态动词或添加的助动词

do

及其变体

)

置于

主 语前

?

否定词

no,

not

及表否定意义的副词、短语

never,

never

before,

seldom,

little,

hardly,

nowhere, by no means, in no way, under no circumstances, at no time, in no case

等词位于句首引

起句子的部分倒装，如

Little do I know about the plant.

?

only +

状语位于句首引起部分倒装，若

only +

主语位于句首则不倒装

Only in Shanghai can he have the chance to study further.

Only computers can process such a complicated problem quickly.

?

特殊结构

No sooner … than, Hardly / Scarcely / Barely / Rarely … when, Not until

等

中，否定词位于句首引起部分倒装，如

No sooner had I met him than I told him about it.

1

Notice: Until you told me, I had no idea of it.

?

not only … (but also …)

句型中

not only

位于句首引起部分倒装

(but also

?)

，

若

后接的为主语且

not only

位于句首则不 倒装

(

类似

only)

，如

Not only he but also I like music.

?

让步状语从句的倒装，如

as (

尽管

), no matter how, however, though

位于句首引起部

分倒装，

注意

as / though

倒装结构为

a. / adv. / n. /

分词

/ v. + as / though +

主语

+

谓语，

此

句型中要求名词为无冠词名词，且< /p>

though

可倒装也可不倒装，

alt hough

没有这一用法

Boy as / though he is, he knows a lot about computers.

No matter how difficult the problem was, he managed to work it out.

?

so,

neither,

nor

位于句首时 ，表示某一事另一人也符合时需部分倒装，若

so

位于句

首表达的确之意

(

即重复前面的内容

)

，此时则不倒装，总结为“主语一致不倒装，主语不一

致反而要倒装”

，如

I like English. So do I. / He is poor in English. So he is.

?

结构

so / such … that …

中的

so / such

位于句首引 起部分倒装，

特殊地，

即使无

such …

that

?的句型，

such

位于句首也会引起句子的倒装，如

Such was my father.

*

?

虚拟语气的倒装，如

Were it to rain, we shouldn‘t go for an outing.

?

句首为

often,

always,

thus

等方式或频度副词引起部分倒装，如

< br>Often

does

he

come

late.4.

其他倒装句型

:

?

表示祝愿，如

May God bless you!

?

直接引语通常倒装；疑问句的部分倒装

?

the more … the more …

结构可倒装也可不倒装

?

比较状语从句、方式状语从句中的倒装

5.

常见省略、替代

:

?

能通过上下文找出省略项，如

If

you

want

me

to

(go

to

your

house),

I‘ll

go

to

your

house.

?

能根据语境或语法推断出省略项，常见于某些常用口语句型，如

(It is) Nice to meet you.

It is (of) no use learning without practicing.

2

2

（十一）倒装句、省略、特殊结构

spend time (in) doing sth.

Be sure (that) you‘re all right.

?

动词不定式的省略

a.

指

m ake

等动词的固定结构

make

?

do

省略

to

，注意被动还原

b.

保 留

to

，省略动词，如

He didn

‘

t smoke now, but he used to.

有时可将

to

也省略，如

He tried to save the girl, but failed (to).

?

比较结构、并列结构

The weather is better than (it was) yesterday.

Now we do more practice than we did last semester.

The weather in London is more changeable than that in Paris.

The grammar of Chinese is more difficult than those of English.

She is as smart as I (am) / me.

We went to the north, others (went) to the south.

?

复合句

If (it is) convenient, can you buy me a stamp? (if possible)

Though (he is) young, he knows a lot about computers.

While (you a

re) cycling, don‘t forget the traffic lights.

?

其他

: How come they leave you alone?

What if it rains?

6.

it

的特殊用法及其相关

:

?

强调< /p>

1

——

强调结构

:

将助动词等置于动词之前，如

He did come last night.

Do be careful!

?

强调

2

——

强调句

:

结构是

It is / was +

强调成分

+ that / who +

其余部分，注意

:

3

①强调句去掉

It is / was

?

that / who

然

②强调句时态只能为一般现在时或一般过去时，

it

后只能是

was / is

，不能为

were / are

等

③强调 部分为人可用

who

代替

that

，且

who / that

不能省略

④注意主谓一致，如

It is I that am wrong.

⑤注意强调句的一般疑问句及特殊疑问句的句式

:

Is / Was + it +

强调成分

+ that / who +

其余部分

Wh-

疑问词

+ is / was + it + that / who +

其余部分

⑥强调 句可强调多种成分，也可为从句；同样地，强调句也可出现在从句中

⑦特殊的强调句

:

It + is / was + not until +

?

+ that +

?，

可表达相近意思的还有

Not until

?的倒装句及

普通的

(not)

?

until

结构

注意特殊的

it was until

?

that

(

无

not

，较少见

):

It was until you come back that I worked. (

延续性动词，此时将

until

放句首不倒装

)

It was until you told me that I had no idea / that I was unaware of it. (

否定句或否定含义

)

?

t

作形式主语

:

当不定式、

动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，

为避免头 重脚轻，

常用

it

作形式主语置于句首，将真正主语后置，

it

起引导作用，无词义

真正宾语

(

不定式

/

从 句

)

?

it

作形式宾语

:

①固定结构

:

主语

+ vt. (think, consider, believe, find, feel, make) + it + adj. / n. + to do /

that

②某些表示喜怒哀乐的动词不能直接后接宾语从句，如

I hate it when dad asks me to eat.

③

that

引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词 宾语，如

Would

you

see

to

it

that

he

gets

home

early?

4

④由介词、

及物动词组成的搭配，< /p>

如

I leave it to you your judgment whether you should do

it.

?

it

的句型

:

?

①

is

?

①现在完成时

It +

?

+ the +

序数词

+ time + that +

?

某人第几次做某事

?

②

was

?

②过去完成时

?

①

will be / is

?

①一般现在时

It +

?

+

无介词的一段时间

+ before +

?

多久以后就

?

②

was

?

②一般过去时

It is / has been +

无介词的一段时间

+ since +

一般过去时

自从?已经多久了

It takes sb. sometime to do sth.

某人花费多少时间做

It is + a. + for / of + sb. to do sth.

某人做某事很?

Itis no use / good doing sth.

做某事没有用、好处

It is no use crying over spilt milk.

牛奶已经泼翻，哭也没用

/

作无益的后悔无 济于事

/

覆水

难收。

< br>

(It is) no wonder (that...)

难怪

It is said / reported / believed / recorded / ... + that = ... be said /

reported / ... to do

据报

道

/

?

3

（十一）倒装句、省略、特殊结构

It + v. +

从句

(v. = seem, happen, appear, matter, turn out, strike to sb., occur to sb.)

It is up to sb. to do sth.

由某人决定做某事

see to it that

务必、确保

take it for granted that

想当然

5

owe it to sb. that

把?归功于

leave it to sb. that

把?留给某人做

keep / bear in mind that (

本句 型不能使用

it

作形式宾语，详见翻译

)

记住?

I would appreciate it very much if you could do

如果你?我将不胜感激

7.

there be

句型

(

或称存在句

):

?

there be

本是倒装的体现

?

注意

there be

句型后接名词时的主谓一致

?

there used / seems / happens / appears to be

?

there

be

句型中的

be

动词可用表示状 态或描写性质的动词

live,

stand,

exist,

remain,

co me,follow

等词替换，

若地点状语前移则可省略

there

，

如

Be hind the house (there) lies a river.

?

用

there being

用作状语或介词宾语，如

There being nothing else to do, we went home.

若作诸如

expect, mean, intend, want, like, prefer, hate

等动词的宾语，通常也

there to be

，

如

We like there to be plenty of choices.

there being

还可做主语，如

There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.

?

用

there to be

在介词

for

后当宾语，如

It was too late for there to be any buses.

若介词不是

for

，

则使用

there being

，

如

John was relying on there being another opportunity.

?

there

的相关句型

:

There is no doubt that

毫无疑问

There is no need for sb. to do = It is unnecessary for sb. to do

没必要

There is no point / sense (in) doing

做?无意义

There is no possibility that / of (sb. / sb.

‘

s) doing = It is impossible that / for sb. to do

不

可能

There is no evidence / proof that

无证据表明

There is no denying that = It goes without saying that

不可否认

6

There is no telling

不得而知

?

VI.

Choose the best answer.

1.

_____ can you expect to get a pay rise.

A. With hard work

B. Although work hard

C. Only with hard work

D. Now that he works hard

2.

_____, mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

A. However late is he

B. However he is late

C. However is he late

D. However late

he is3.

Not until all the fish died in the water _____ how serious the pollution was.

A. did the villagers realize

B. the villagers realized

C. the villagers did realize

D. didn‘t the villagers realize

4.

–

Do you know Jim quarrel with his brother?

–

I don‘t know, _____.

A. nor don‘t I care

B. nor do I care

C. I don‘t care neither

D. I don‘t care also5.

_____ got into the room _____ the telephone rang.

A. He hardly…then

B. Hardly had he…when

C. He had not…than

D. Not had he…when

6.

_____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a

picnic in the

forest.

A. Not only they brought

B. Not only did they bring

C. Not only brought they

D. Not only they did bring

7.

Jack is a student and studies at the No. 2 Middle School. _____.

A. It was the same with Mike

B. So it is with Mike

7