-
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句法
..................................................
......................
2
简单句
simple sentence
................................................ ...
2
英语六种基本句型：
.
.............................................
......
2
1
：
S+V
.
......................................
........................
2
2
：
S+V+P
.
....................................
........................
2
3
：
S+V+DO
< br>.
...................................
........................
2
4
：
S+V+IO+DO
.
................................
........................
2
5
：
S+V+DO+OC
.
................................
........................
2
6: There be
.
...
..................................................
...
2
复杂句
complex
sentence
..............................
....................
3
并列复杂句
.
.................................................
......
3
从属复杂句
.
.................................................
......
3
名词性从句
.
.............................
.................................
4
主语从句
.
..................................................
..........
4
宾语从句
.
...........................
.................................
4
表语从句
.
..................................................
..........
5
同位语从句
.
.................................................
.........
5
形容词性从句
.
................................................ ............
6
定语从句
.
..................................................
..........
6
限定性定语从句
.
< br>............................................... ....
6
非限定性定语从句
.
..............................................
...
7
副词性从句
.
................................
..............................
8
状语从句
.
..................................................
..........
8
时间状
语从句
(
时间状语）
.
..................................
........
8
条件状语从
句（用
if/unless
引导的状语从句）
< br>
........................
8
地点状语从句
(where)
.
.........................................
.....
9
原因状语从句
(because,since,as)
.
..............................
.....
9
让步状语从句（
though,although,even
though,no matter what
）
........
9
比较状语从句（
than,as...as
）
.
.................
....................
9
目的状语从句（
that,so that,in order
that,lest,for fear that,in case
）
..............................................
.......................
9
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句法
句型分类
简单句
simple sentence
-
只有一个主语和一个谓语（
I
left.
）
?
英语六种基本句型：
1
：
S+V
（主语
subject+
谓语
predicate
）
2
：
S+V+P
(
主语
su
bject+
系动词
link
verb+
表语
predicative)
3
：
S+V+DO
(
主语
su
bject+
谓语
predicate+
宾语
object)
4
：
S+V+IO+DO
(
主语
su
bject+
谓语
predicate+
间接宾语
indirect
o+
直接宾语
direct
o
）
5
：
S+V+DO+OC
(
主语
su
bject+
谓语
predicate+
宾语
+
宾补
object
complement)
6: There be
There be
“有”
，
There
是引导词，
无意义，
There
be
后面的名词是句子的主语，
属于倒装结构，
表示某处有某人
/
某物。
There+be+
主语
There is a cup of water on the table.
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与
have
的区别
There be
表示客观存在，
ha
ve
表示单纯的拥有。
There
are three cars in the parking lot.
He
has three cars in his own parking lot.
There be
的就近一致原则
There is a gay and three girls in the
classroom.
There are three girls and a
boy in the classroom.
There
are somewhere between 45,000 to 100,000 of them
living in the countries
like Zambia and
Zimbabwe.
For the century before
Johnson
’
s Dictionary was
published in 1775, there had
been
concern
about the state of
the English language.
?
2
：
S+V+P
(
主
语
subject+
系动词
link
verb+
表语
predicative)
You are cute.
?
3
：
S+V+DO
(
主语
+
谓语
+
宾语
object)
I love you.
复杂句
complex
sentence
-
不止一个主语和一个谓语
并列复杂句
有并列连词：
and/or/but
从属复杂句
由一个主句（
principal
c
lause
）和一个或一个以上的从句（
subordinat
e
clause
）构
成。
什么是从句（
subordinate
clause
）？
从句是复杂句不能
独立成句，由
that/who/whom/when/why/where/how/
which
等引导词
（
connect
ive
）引导的非主句部分。
从句的类型
名词性从句：
?
主语从句
?
宾语从句<
/p>
?
表语从句
?
同
位语从句
形容词性从句：定语从句
副词性从句：状语从句
?
从句三要素
：
?
必须有连接词
?
必须是陈述句
?
不能单独使用
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名词性从句
主语从句
-
在复杂句中充当主语成分的句子叫主语从句
?
不受主句时态影响
?
系动词是单数
is
?
谓语动词是第三人称单数
?
陈述语序
Eg. That I have had so many friends is
amazing.
陈述句用
that
That he
married a girl in such a short time surprises us
all.
特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词
When he will come out of the closet
hasn
’
t been decided.
Why he isn
’
t here
is not clear to everyone.
主
语从句
&
形式主语
That I have had so many friends is
amazing.
It is amazing that I have so
many friends.
?
It had been estimated that up to 50% of
people in the developed world are
overweight and 20% of these are obese.
宾语从句
-
在复合句中充当宾语成分的句子叫做宾语从句
He knows where the bar is.
I don
’
t know when
he will come.
As Peter Derk
says:
‘
If
we
can
figure out
how the mind processes humour, the
we
’
ll have a
pretty good
handle on
how it
works in general
’
.
名词：
Milgram
谓语动词：
told
宾语：
A
TELL
B TO DO
STH
Milgram
told
each
volunteer
‘
teacher-
subject
’
that
the
experiment
was
in
the
noble cause of
education,
and
experiment
was designed
to
test
whether or not
punishing
pupils
for
their
mistakes
would
have
a
positive
effect
on
the
pupils
’
ability to learn.
The growing international
importance
of athletics
means
that gifted
athletes
can be
recognised
at younger age.
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It
is
also
accepted
that
this
right
generates
an
obligation
or
duty
for
the
state
to
ensure
that adequate health-
care
resources
are provided
out of the
public
purse.
形式宾语
it
宾语从句
&
形式宾语
如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语，要用形式宾语
it,
而将从句放到补足语后面。
It is lucky to date with you.
I know it lucky to date with you.
S+V+it+adj./n./done + that
clause
I thought
it
strange that he married her.
1.S+V+it+adj./of(for)sb.+to
do sth.
I found it impossible for me to
find a girlfriend.
2.S+V+it+adj./n./done+that clause
I considered it amazing that he left
his girlfriend.
3.S+V+it+no
use/good/worth + doing sth
Think/find/consider/make
I
don
’
t think it worthwhile
taking so much trouble to do this.
4.S+V+it+when/if
Love,like,enjoy,hate,appreciate
表语从句
-
表语从句是一个句子作为表语成分，说明主语。
Eg. The problem is when he can
finish it.
One
interesting
correlation
Manton
uncovered
is
that
better-educated
people
are
likely to live longer.
The conventional
picture
is
that tens of thousands of
slaves dragged stones on
sledges.
同位语从句
同位语
-
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