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专四词汇语法总结
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综观这近几年考题，可发现：?
?
1
．语法
考题的涉及面宽，近年考题曾经考到：几乎所有词类；三种动词的非谓语形式；各
种从句
及关系词的用法；动词时态、虚拟语气、情态动词的用法；独立主格，主谓一致，倒
装，
强调、并列结构等基本语法知识。?
?
2
．语法
考试的重点突出，语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出
现，如
：虚拟语气，状语从句，定语从句，独立主格，情态动词。
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?
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?
?
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3
．具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法，?
1
）
虚拟语气
的考点为：
would r
ather
＋
that
从句＋一般过去
时
It is
vital
／
necessary
／
important
／
urgent
／
imperative
／
desirable
／
advisable
／
natural
／
< br>essential
＋
that
＋动词原形
It is
time
／
about
time
／
high time
＋
that
＋一般过去时
< br>proposal
／
suggestion
＋
that
＋动词原形；
if only
＋
that
＋
would
＋动词原形。
?
2
）
状语从句
的考点为：
?
非
if
引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用
at times
，
provided
，
so long
as
，
in case
，
once
等
来替代
if
；
?
由
even if
／
< br>so
，
now
that
，
for
all
等引导的让步状语从句；
?
just
／
hardly...when
引导的时间状语从句；
?
more th
an
，
as...as
，
not so much as
，
the same
as
，
as much
as
等引导的比较状语从句。
?
3
）
独立主格结构
多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现。
?
4
）
情态动词
多与完成时形式连用。
?
5
）
定语从句
重点考查介词＋关系代词（
whi
ch
）和
as
作为关系代词。?
?
Vocabulary
常考到的词类型：
?
?
?
?
?
1
．
容易出错的词：
A
．
近形词：
(1)
Everyone
present considered his conduct
______________.
ptuous
ptible
porary
D. contemplative
?
?
?
?
(2) We are all
astonished to learn that the apparently
________professor was really a spy.
A.
respectful
B. respective
C.
respectable
D. respected
(3)
On the desert travelers often see _______ rivers
and lakes.
A. imagining
B. imaginative
C.
imaginable
D. imaginary
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.
近义的词：
(1)
The child
began to cry and tears slowly________ down her
face.
A. trickled
B. oozed
C. dribbled
D. leaked
(2)
I
couldn
’
t sleep because the
tap in the bathroom was ______.
A. draining
B. dropping
C.
spilling
D. dripping
(3) The service was held to
_________the sacrifice of those who died in the
war.
A. commemorate
B. memorize
C. remember
D. remind
(4) Shortly after the boat docked, the
passengers ________.
A.
dismounted
B. disembarked
C. dispersed
D.
discharged
(5) The house
that we used to live in is in a very ________
state.
A. neglectful
B. negligible
C. neglected
D. negligent
?
C.
异形同义词：
?
(1)
I
’
m afraid this
painting is not by Qi Bashi.
It
’
s only a copy and so
it
’
s _________.
?
A. worthless
B. invaluable
?
C. unworthy
D. priceless
?
(2)
Following the
elections, a completely new situation is likely to
__________.
?
A. arouse
B. arise
C. raise
D.
rise
?
2.
常见的基本搭配和固定用法
?
(1)
Because of the strong sun
the new sitting-room curtains have _______ from
dark blue
to grey.
?
A. fainted
B. paled
C.
bleached
D.
faded
?
(2)
Unfortunately
I must have moved the camera, because the picture
is rather _______.
?
A. vague
B. confused
C. scratched
D.
blurred
?
(3) Production has been delayed because
of a shortage of ______ material.
?
A. base
B.
prime
C. raw
D. rough
?
3.
动词词组：
?
Isn
’
t it time you
________ some serious work before the examination?
?
A. got down to
B. took up with
?
C. got off with
D. put down to
Important Structures
?
非谓语动词
?
虚拟语气
?
情态动词和倒装
?
定语从句
?
状语从句、名词性从句
?
(1)
几比几
与
to
有关的结构
More
examples:
?
他们以
2
比
0
赢了那场比
赛。
不定式短语
?
在某些动词后作宾语
?
He will advise
you
whether to do it
.
?
We’d better find out
where
to put it
.
?
Have you
decided
when to hold the
party
?
?
She will tell
you
which bus to take
.
?
Do
you know
how to express the ideas in
English
?
不定式短语
?
The
Clarks haven’t decided yet which hotel
___.
(98/49)
stay
to stay
stay
at
D. is for
staying
?
She remembered several occasions in the
past
Attributive Clause (2)
___ she had experienced a
similar feeling.
(98/42)
A. which
B. before
C.
that
D.
when
?
The physicist
has made a discovery, ____ of