江苏省镇江市2020届高三年级期末考试 英语(Word版 及详细解析)

B

、

C

、

D

四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题

将该项涂黑。

A closet

（储藏室）

is a years

—

long collection of exactly what makes you the person

you are. The 36 rose in my chest when my mom recently decided to move 37 it meant

we would have to 38 out Dad's closet, nearly a decade after his death.

In

the

years

after

his

death,

I

would

sometimes

walk

into

that

closet.

I

had

moved

many

miles

away,

starting

a

life

elsewhere

as

my

mom

took

pains

to

slowly

39

her

home

—

sweeping

away

the

dust

of

sadness,

and

making

it

once

again

a

place

for

40 and

gathering.

In the closet, I could 41 the dad I had before he had a brain cancer. I 42 that

would go away when my mom moved.

I rolled around 43 in bed. Could I stand to see this closet one last time before

Mom moved? Would I find the 44 to help clear that stuff out?

Then, a 45

:

“I had no idea,

The announcement knocked me sideways. What had she thrown out? Would seeing this 46

closet

to which I'd 47 attributed such meaning jolt

（震动）

my

heart and cause me to

have a meltdown?

I

flew

home

shortly

thereafter,

trying

to

keep

my

mind

48 it

with

fitful

naps

（打

盹）

on the plane. When I finally got through the front door, I knew where I was going: to

see this empty closet that I swore would 49 me.

I pulled the doors open. What happened next 50 me: There was no panic

—

just 51

Sure, Dad's stuff was mostly 52

?

but I realized then that I didn't need to see it to 53

what we had. The objects were just an outer layer above the warm 54 I held within.

55 . clothes don't make the man, and though objects may help us tell a story,

they are not stories themselves.

36. A. happiness

37. A. if

38. A. pick

39. A. evolve

40. A. depression

41.A. support

42. A. anticipated

43. A. excitedly

44. A. strength

45. A. reply

46. A. outdated

47. A. randomly

48. A. with

49. A. crush

B. relief

B. unless

B. clean

B. design

B. warmth

B. blame

B. confirmed

B. nervously

B. chance

B. shock

B. fashionable

B. openly

B. off

B. raise

C. tension

C. though

C. find

C. decorate

C. regret

C. remember

C. swore

C. mercifully

C. privilege

C. comfort

C. empty

C. secretly

C. in

C. heal

D. mercy

D. because

D. take

D. love

D. sleeping

D. protect

D. worried

D. hopelessly

D. excuse

D. blessing

D. familiar

D. purposely

D. to

D. astonish

50. A. surprised

51. A . excitement

52. A. worn

53. A. discover

54. A. services

B. pressed

B. reluctance

B. sold

B. understand

B. memories

C. frightened

C. peace

C. gone

C. abandon

C. relationships

D. puzzled

D. regret

D. left

D. remember

D. events

D. After all

55. A. Above all

B. In addition

C. By contrast

第三部分 ：阅读理解（共

15

小题；每小题

2< /p>

分，满分

30

分）

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的

A

、

B

、

C

< br>、

D

四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题

纸上

将该项涂黑。

A

EXPEDITION

（探险）

OVERVIEW

?

Go on an early morning photo shoot in

Lamar Valley, zooming in on wildlife

against the sparkling snow.

?

Capture

（拍摄）

unique

angles

on

famous

sites like Old Faithful geyser without

the

crowds

and

discover

some

of

the

park's

lesser known areas, exploring in

the comfort of heated snow coaches.

?

Learn

about

the

reintroduction

of

Yellowstone's

wolves

and

meet

a

cinematographer who has produced films

on the park and its wildlife for National Geographic.

ITINERARY

Yellowstone

in

winter

is

a

photographer's

delight:

mineral

pools

bum

through

the

snow,

revealing their gem-colored depths; waterfalls freeze mid-spill; and elk

This trip has an activity rating of light. Travelers should be in good health and

comfortable

walking

and

sitting

for

extended

periods.

we

travel

through

the

park

in

heated

snow coaches. Excursions include walking on boardwalks and om ice and snow at elevations

between 8,000 and 11,000 feet. Minor changes to the daily itinerary may occur depending

on location of wildlife.

ACCOMMODATIONS

We

stay

in

comfortable

|hotels,

classic

lodges

、

within

the

park,

and

a

traditional

ranch.

?

Transfers upon arrival and departure

?

Accommodations

?

All tips

WHAT'S NOT INCLUDED

?

Airfare to and from destination

?

Visas

?

Alcoholic beverages

56. A visitor to Yellowstone can

A. record the unique angles with the crowds around

B. live in the high- ranked hotels during all the trip

C. calculate the depth of gem-colored mineral pools

D. enjoy the transfer service to and from destination

57.

This article is mainly intended to

_

.

A. advertise an expedition in Yellowstone in winter

B. emphasize the importance of wildlife protection in Yellowstone

C. uncover the secret of the interplay of snow and stream in Yellowstone

D.

reveal the skills of photo shoot in Yellowstone in winter

B

Psycholinguistics

is

a

field

at

the

intersection

（交叉）

of

psychology

and

linguistics,

and

one

if

its

recent

discoveries

is

that

the

languages

we

speak

influence

our

eye

movements.

For example, English speakers who hear candle often look at a candy because the two words

share their first syllable. Research with speakers of different languages revealed that

bilingual speakers not only look at words that share sounds in one language but also at

words that share sounds across their two languages. When Russian-English bilinguals hear

the English word marker, they also look at a stamp, because the Russian word for stamp is

marka.

Even more surprising, speakers

of different languages differ in their patterns

of eye

movements when no language is used at all. In a simple visual search task in which people

had to find a previously seen object among other objects, their eyes moved differently

depending on what languages they knew. For example, when looking for a clock, English

speakers

also

looked

at

a

cloud.

Spanish

speakers,

on

the

other

hand,

when

looking

for

the

same clock, looked at a present, because the Spanish names for clock and present

—

reloj

and regalo-overlap at their onset

（开始）

.

The

story

doesn't

end

there.

Not

only

do

the

words

we

hear

activate

other,

similar-sounding words

—

and not only do we look at objects whose names share sounds or

letters even when no language is heard

—

but the translations of those names in other

languages

become

activated

as

well

in

speakers

of

more

than

one

language.

For

example

when

Spanish-English

bilinguals

hear

the

word

duck

in

English,

they

also

look

at

a

shovel,

because

the translations of duck and shovel

—

pato and pala, respectively

—

overlap in Spanish.

Because of the way our brain organizes and processes linguistic and nonlinguistic

information, a single word can set off a domino effect

（多米诺效应）

that cascades

（像

洪水般倾泻）

throughout the cognitive system. And this interactivity and co

—

activation

is not limited to spoken languages. Bilinguals of spoken and signed languages show co

—

activation as well. For example, bilinguals who know American Sign Language and English

look at cheese when they hear the English word paper because cheese and paper share three

of the four sign components in ASL (hand shape, location and orientation but not motion).

What

do

findings

like these

tell

us?

Not

only

is

the

language

system

thoroughly

interactive with a high degree of co

—

activation across words and concepts, but it also

impacts our processing in other areas such as vision, attention and cognitive control. As

we

go

about

our

everyday

lives,

how

our

eyes

move,

what

we

look

at

and

what

we

pay

attention

to are influenced in direct and measurable ways by the languages we speak.

The implications of these findings for applied settings range from consumer behavior

(what

we

look

at

in

a

store)

to

the

military

(visual

search

in

complex

scenes)

and

art

(what

our eyes are drawn to). In other words, it is safe to say that the language you speak

influences how you see the world not only figuratively (

比喻地

)but also quite literally,

down to the mechanics of your eye movements.

58. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A. Languages we know determine our eye movements.

B. The words we hear remind us of similar words.

C. We look at objects even if no language is heard.

D” Translations of words in other languages can be activated.

59.

According to Paragraph 4, the “domino effect” is caused by

.

A. American Sign Language

C. oral languages

'

B. brain processes

D. co

—

activation

60.

What can we learn from these findings?

A. Words are closely related to concepts in language system.

B. The combination of words and concepts activates language system.

C. The language we speak influences what we pay attention to.

D. What we speak in everyday lives controls how our eyes move.

C

Like most robots, social robots use artificial intelligence to decide how to act on

information

received

through

cameras

and

other

sensors.

The

ability

to

respond

in

ways

that

seem

lifelike

has

been

informed

by

research

into

such

issues

as

how

perceptions

(

知觉

)form,

what constitutes social and emotional intelligence, and how people can infer others'

thoughts

and

feelings.

Advances

in

Al

have

enabled

designers

to

translate

such

psychological

and

neuroscientific insights into algorithms that allow robots to

recognize voices, feces

and emotions; interpret speech and gestures; respond appropriately to complex verbal and

nonverbal cues; make eye contact; speak conversationally; and adapt to people's needs by

learning from feedback, rewards and criticisms.

A

47-inch

humanoid

(

类人物

)called

Pepper

(from

SoftBank

Robotics)

recognizes

faces

and

basic

human

emotions

and

engages

in

conversations

via

a

touch

screen

in

its

About

15,000

Peppers

worldwide

perform

such

services

as

hotel

check-ins,

airport

customer

service,

shopping

assistance

and

fast-food

checkout.

Temi

(from

Temi

USA)

and

Loomo

(Segway

Robotics)

are

the

next

generation

of

personal

assistants

—

like

Amazon

Echo

and

Google

Home

but

mobile,

providing a new level of functionality. Loomo, for instance, is not only a companion but

can also transform on command into a scooter (

小型摩托车

)for transport.

Social

robots

have

particular

appeal

for

assisting

the

world's

growing

elderly

population.

The

PARO

Therapeutic

Robot

(developed

by

Japan's

National

Institute

of

Advanced

Industrial Science and Technology), which looks like a seal, soft and cute, is meant to

stimulate and reduce stress for those with Alzheimer's disease and other patients in care

facilities: it responds to its name by moving its head, and it cries for petting. Mabu

(Catalia

Health)

engages

patients,

particularly

the

elderly,

as

a

wellness

aide,

reminding

them

to

take

walks

and

medication

and

to

call

family

members.

Social

robots

are

also

gaining

popularity

with

consumers

as

toys.

Early

attempts

to

include

social

behavior

in

toys,

such

as Hasbro's Baby Alive and Sony's AIBO robotic dog, had limited success. But both arc

resurging

（复活）

、

and the most recent version of AIBO has advanced voice and gesture

recognition,

can

be

taught

tricks

and

develops

new

behaviors

based

on

previous

interactions.

Worldwide sales of consumer robots reached an estimated $$5.6 billion in 2018, and the

market is expected to grow to $$19 billion by the end of 2025, with more than 65 million

robots

sold

a

year

This

trend

may

seem

surprising

given

that

multiple

well-funded

consumer

robot companies, such as Jibo and Anki, have failed. But a wave of robots is lining up to

take the place of old robots, including BUDDY

（

Blue Frog Robotics

）

, a big-eyed mobile

device that plays games in addition to acting as a personal assistant and providing home

automation and security.

61. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?

A. How social robots receive information.

B. What research has been conducted about social robots.

C. Why social robots can respond in lifelike ways.

D. How designers translate insights into social robots.

62.

Examples are used in Paragraph 2 to show that social robots are

.

A. filling an expanding variety of roles

B. getting higher intelligence

C. interacting with people

D. learning to respond in lifelike ways

63.

According to the passage we know that

__ .

A.

social robots can have various forms and appearances

B.

PARO can interact with people by moving its head like a dog

C.

the most recent version of AIBO has achieved as great success as before

D. the sales of consumer robots have been increasing as ever expected

64. What is the best title for the passage?

A.

More companies will invest on social robots.

B.

Social robots play nicely with human beings.

C. Social robots have great effects on elder people's life.

D.

Artificial intelligence enables social robots to make decisions.

D

My

younger

daughter,

age

5,

made

a

failed

attempt

during

a

recent

school-night

bedtime

routine.

In

retaliation

（报复）

for

my

insistence

that

she

actually

stay

in

bed,

she

uttered

the classic pint- sized revolutionary cry:

“I am, actually；

replied as I gently guided her back into bed. “I am in charge

of keeping you safe and also helping you thrive

（茁壮成长）

,which means making sure you

get a good night's sleep and a whole lot more?

I

knew

what

I

meant

by

“more

even

if

she

didn't.

I

made

a

pers

onal,

unwritten

covenant

（契约）

with my daughters, and even society, to do my part to raise two happy, virtuous,

inspirational

adults.

And

that

requires

teaching

a

good

deal

of

life

wisdom,

role

modeling

and, at times, imposing behavior.

We are the boss. We can also be our kids' friend, sometimes. And we are always their

teacher and coach. And don't forget lifeguard.

But we're in charge, even if we don't want to be. And it seems a lot of parents don't

want to be.

I've

noticed

that

for

various

reasons

（

trying

to

be

cool/nice/laid

back,

maybe

laziness,

maybe

in

opposition

to

being

raised

with

too

many

rules

themselves

）

,

many

parents

let

their

children call too many shots. I'm talking about screen time, bedtime, purchases, meal

options and all the rest of it.

Letting

kids

decide

these

matters

usually

leads

to

poor

outcomes

for

the

kids

themselves.

A permissive parenting style leads to impulsive behavior, egocentrism

唯我主义）

and poor

social

skills,

according

to

Diana

Baumrind,

a

developmental

psychologist

at

the

University

of California, Berkeley.

Baumrind, one of the leading researchers

on this topic, described the ideal parenting

style as authoritative,

parent has clear rules and high expectations while being warm and supportive and valuing

in

dependence.

If

we

can

do

that

for

our

children,

her

research

showed,

they

will

have

greater

self-esteem, social skills and academic performance

。

.

The ideal, in other words, is

a Buddhist Middle

Way where

we are in

control but foster

（培养）

independence.

But

independence

is

not

the

same

as

giving

them

what

their

little

id

（本我）

brains

want

all

the

time.

Children

may

seem

happy

about

getting

their

way,

but

it's

actually

an

insecure

world for them to inhabit where adults don't seem fully in charge.

Young kids' brains are not up to the task of making the best decisions anyway. From

age 2 until 7, according to the pioneering child developmental psychologist Jean Piaget,

a child naturally engages in egocentrism and magical thinking

—

believing that they can

affect the world with their thoughts

—

but not critical thinking. From about age 8 to 11,

kids tend to actively seek rules, limits and boundaries

―

but from parents and teachers,

not from themselves; they want adults to draw the lines they can safely color in.

Typically,

after

age

11,

critical

thinking

emerges.

Real

involvement

in

rules

and

limits

can

effectively

begin

then,

but

even

teenagers

need

the

assurance

that

you

will

always

steer

them in the right directions.

We also know that real life is full of rules

—

legal, societal, ethical

（

moral

）

or

just politeness

—

and either we teach them or they will eventually be set straight in

less-loving

environments

such

as

the

playground,

the

principal's

office,

in

front

of

a

judge

or in a profess

ional boss’ office .

And

being

in

charge

doesn’t

mean

we

need

to

micromanage

behavior

or

be

unkind.

We

should

build in plenty of personal freedom and remain motivated by deep love and affection. But

we must also be on top it, guiding them toward success.

Be

a

great

boss

to

your

kids.

Mentor

them.

Give

them

opportunities

to

develop

and

shine.

Always have their backs. Never fire them. Show them who's

boss

in the most caring

of ways.

65. Many parents let their children call too many shots probably because

A. they are cool and indifferent to their children

B. they want children to live with fewer rules

C. they are busy with meal options and so on

D. they believe it will lead to good outcomes

66. The psychologist Baumrind believes that ___ .

A.

children are definitely to be ruined by permissive parenting style

B.

rules are absolutely prior to anything in authoritative parenting

C. authoritative parents have to let children live independently

D. an ideal way means giving children-controlled independence

67.

From age 2 to 11, children usually

____

.

A. do not have the ability to make decisions yet

.

B. have no idea of rules, limits or boundaries at all

C. need parents and teachers to draw lines for them

D. know how to steer themselves in right directions

68.

To be a great boss to his/her children, a parent needs to

?

A. micromanage everything or be unkind sometimes

B. guide children to success on the basis of deep love

C. win as many opportunities as possible to shine

D. let children know

69.

What is the author's attitude towards parent's being in charge of children?

A. Supportive. B. Critical

C. Ambiguous. D. Indifferent.

70. What can we learn from this passage?

A. Ideal parents arc those neither too permissive nor too controlling.

B. Children under age 11 should not be allowed to make decisions.

C. Psychologists show children's self-esteem is from independence.

D. Adults are responsible to teach children all the rules in real life.

第

II

卷（非选择题，共三大題，

35

分）

第四部分：任务 型阅读（共

10

小题；每小题

I

分，满分

10

分）

请认真阅读下列短文，

并根据所读内 容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：

毎个 空格只填

1

个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。

The Age of Envy: How to Be Happy When Everyone Else's Life Looks Perfect

We

live

in

the

age

of

envy.

Career

envy,

kitchen

envy,

children

envy,

food

envy,

upper

ay envy, holiday envy. You name it, there's an envy for it. Human beings have always felt

what

Aristotle

defined

in

the

4

century

BC

as

pain

at

the

sight

of

another's

good

fortune,

stirred by the feeling of “those who have what we ought to have”.

But with social media, says Ethan Kross, professor of psychology at the University of

Michigan,

envy

is

being

taken

to

an

extreme.

We

are

constantly

bombarded

by

''photoshopped

lives,

he

says,

that

exerts

a

toll

on

us

the

likes

of

which

we

have

never

experienced

in the history of our species?'

Clinical psychological Rachel Andrew says she is seeing more and more envy in her

consulting

room,

from

people

who

achieve

the

lifestyle

they

want

but

which

they

see

others have.

she

says,

amplifies

（放大）

this

deeply

disturbing

psychological

discord

（失调）

,

think

what social media has done is make everyone accessible for comparison,

the past, people might have just envied their neighbors, but now we can compare ourselves

with everyone across the world.”

And those comparisons are now much less realistic. Andrew has observed among her

patients

that

knowing

they

are

looking

at

an

edited

version

of

reality

is

no

defense

against

the emotional force of envy.

we

see

on

social

media

platforms

—

we

know

that

these

images

and

narratives

that

are

presented

aren't

real,

we

can

talk

about

it

and

rationalize

it

—

but

on

an

emotional

level,

it's

still

th

pushing

buttons.

If

those

images

or

narratives

tap

into

what

we

aspire

to,

but

what

we

don't

have, then it becomes very powerful.''

According to Dryden, a cognitive behavioral therapist, when it comes to the kind of

envy inspired by social media, there are two factors that make a person more vulnerable

（易受伤害的）

：

low

self-esteem

and

deprivation

intolerance,

which

describes

the

experience

of being unable to bear not getting what you want. To overcome this, he says, think about

what you would teach a child. The aim is to develop a philosophy, a way of being in the

world,

which

allows

you

to

recognize

when

someone

else

has

something

that

you

want

but

don't

have, and also to recognize that you can survive without it, and that not having it does

not make you less worthy or less of a person.

We

could

also

try

to

change

the

way

we

habitually

use

social

media.

Kross

explains

that

most

the

time,

People

use

Facebook

passively

and

just

idly,

lazily

reading

instead

of

posting,

messaging

or

commenting.

is

interesting

when

you

realize

it

is

the

passive

usage

that

is

supposed

to

be

more

harmful

than

the

active.

The

links

between

passive

usage

and

feeling

worse are very robust

—

we have huge data sets involving tens of thousands of people, he

says. While it is less clear how active usage affects well-being, there does seem to be

a

small

positive

link,

he

explains,

between

using

Facebook

to

connect

with

others

and

feeling

better.

Dryden differentiates between unhealthy envy and its healthy forms, which, he says,

listen to it in the right way, could show us what is missing from our lives that really

matters to us, Kross explains. Andrew says,

how it feels, and then not interpreting it as a positive or a negative, but trying to

understand

what

it

is

telling

you

that

you

want.

If

that

is

achievable,

you

could

take

proper

steps

towards

achieving

it.

But

at

the

same

time,

ask

yourself,

what

would

be

good

enough?

The Age of Envy

：

How to Be Happy When Everyone Else's Life Looks Perfect

●

Introduction

(71)

▲

is the feeling that you wish you had

something that someone else has.

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It was (72)

▲

by Aristotle as the pain of seeing

another's good fortune,

stirred

by the feeling of