英语词汇学复习提纲

英语词汇学复习提纲

Chapter

1

Terms

1.

word2.

vocabulary3.

common

words4.

literary

words5.

colloquial

words6.

slang

words7.

technical

words

Questions

1. What are the fundamental features of the

basic

word

stock?2.

How

are

English

words

classified?3. What

are

the

differences

between

function

words

and

content

words?4. What

are

the

main

reasons

for

the

rapid

growth

of

present-day

English

vocabulary?

Important

statements

1. The

histiory

of

the

English

langague

begins

with

the

conquest

and

settlement

of

what

is

now

England

by

the

Angles,

Saxons

and

the

Jutes

from

about

450

AD.2. The

Transitional

period

from

Old

English

to

Modern

English is known as Middle English, which is characterized

by

the

strong

influence

of

French

following

the

Norman

Conquest

in

1066.3. In

the

early

stages

of

Modern

English

the

Renaissance

brought

great

changes

to

the

English

vocabulary.4. The

heavy

borrowing

made

the

English

vocabulary

extremely

rich

and

heterogeneous.

Chapter

2

Terms

1.

morpheme2.

Allomorphe3.

free

morpheme4.

bound

morpheme5.

root6.

affix7.

hybrid

Questions

1.

How

are

English

morphemes

classified?2. How are Englihs words classified on the

morphemic

level?

Important

Statements

1. What

is

usually

considered a single word in English may be composed of one

or

more

morphemes.2. The

allomorphs

of

a

morpheme

do

not

differ in meaning or function but show a slight difference

in

sound.3.

Morphemes

are

important

in

the

word-building

process

because

the

two

most

central

and

productive

word-formation

processes,

compounding

and

affixation,

are

related

to

morphemes.

Chapter

3

Terms

1. partial

conversion2. complete

conversion

Questions

1. What

are

the

three

major

processes

of

word-formation?2. Why are the criteria of a compound

relative?

Important Statements

1. There are varioius

ways

of

forming

words,

but

by

and

large,

the

various

processes

can be classified on the basis of frequency of usage, into

major

or

minor

processes.2. Any

rule

of

word

formation

is of limited productivity in the sense that not all words

which

result

from

the

applicationn

of

the

rule

are

acceptable;

they are freely acceptable only when they have gained an

institutional

currency

in

the

language.3. Prefixes

modify

the

lexical

meaning

of

the

base.

They

do

not

genearlly

alter the word- class of the base.4. Suffixes usually

change

the

word- class

of

the

base.

Chapter

4

Terms

1. blending2. back-formation3. clipp

ing4. neoclassical formation

Questions

1. What

are

the

differences

between

initialisms

and

acronyms?

Important

Statements

1. On

the

whole,

clipped

words

are

used

in

less

formal

situations

than

their

full- length

equivalents.2. Most

of

the

blends

are

related

to

daily

life.3.

The

majority

of

backformed

words

are

verbs.4. Reduplicatives

are

characterized

by

being

rhymed or alliterated.5. The majority of neoclassical

formations

are

scientific

and

technical.6. Genuine

coinage

is

rare.7.

Some

new

words

are

coined

by

analogy.

Chapter

5

Terms

1.

motivation2.

denotative

meaning3.

connotative

meaning4.

stylistic

meaning5. affective meaning

Questions

1. What is

the

relationship

between

word

form

and

its

senses?2. What

are

the

main

types

of

word meaning?

Important

Statements

1.

The

test

of

a

genuinely

onomatopeic word is its intelligibility to a foreigner who

has

no

knowledge

of

the

language

in

question.2. Denotative

meaning

is

the

central

factor

in

linguistic

communication.3.

Lexical

meaning

is

dominant in content words, whereas grammatical meaning is

dominant

in

funciton

words.

Chapter

6

Terms

1. radiation2. concatination3. prima

ry

meanin4.

central

meaning5.

perfect

homonyms6. homophones7. homographs

Important

Statements

1. One- meaning

words

are

very

rare.

They

are

very

often

scientific

terms.2. It

may

be

said

that

polysemy

is

the

rule

and

monosemy

is

the

exception.3. In

some

cases,

the

primary

meaning

and

the

central

meaning

coincide.4. Polysemic words and homonymous words are

not

only

good

candidates

for

humor,

they

can

also

produce

other

effects

such

as

irony

or

heightened

dramatic

power.

Chapter

7

Terms

1.

complete

synonyms2.

relative

synonyms3.

hyponymy4.

marked

member5. unmarked

member

Questions

1. In

what

respects

do

synonymous

words

differ?

Important

Statements

1. An agreement in denotation is the most

important

criterion

of

synonymy.2.

Two

words

are