-
2008 Text 3
In
the
early
1960s
Wilt
Chamberlain
was
one
of
only
three
players
in
the
National
Basketball
Association (NBA)
listed at over seven feet.
①
If he had played last
season, however, he would
have been one
of 42.
②
The bodies playing
major professional sports have changed
dramatically
over
the
years,
and
managers
have
been
more
than
willing
to
adjust
team
uniforms
to
fit
the
growing
numbers of bigger, longer frames.
在
20
世纪
60
年代早期
，
Wilt
Chamberlain
是美国国家篮球协会中仅有的身高超过
7
英尺的
三个人之一。可是如果他参加了上个赛季的话，他就变成了
42
分之一了。这些年来在较大
的职业体育运动中的运动员的身体状况发生了很大的
改变，
而他们的经理人也更愿意调整队
员的运动服来适应队员们
更大，更高的身材。
association
[
?
's
?
usi'ei
??
n]
n.
联系
,
联想
;
交际
,
交往
;
协会
,
社团
【例】
Let's form an association
to help blind people.
让我们建立一个协会来帮助盲人吧。
dramatically
[dr
?
'm?
t
ikli]
ad.
从戏剧角度
;
戏剧性地
,
显著地
【例】
I kept
emphasizing how dramatically things have changed.
我反复强调事情发生了多大的变化。
adjust
[
?
'd<
/p>
??
st]
vt.
调整
,
使适应于
,
校准
vi.
调整
,
适应于
,
校准
【例】
This electric pot can
adjust the temperature automatically.
这种电饭锅能自动调节温度。
1. If he had played last season,
however, he would have been one of 42.
【译文】可是如果他参加了上个赛季的话，他就变成了
42
分之
一了。
【解析】这句话是句虚拟语气，
if + had
done
，后面接上
would have done
，这句话是过去时
的虚拟语气，中间的
howe
ver
是插入语。
2. The
bodies playing major professional sports have
changed dramatically over the
years, and
managers have
been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to
fit the growing numbyyers of
bigger,
longer frames.
【译文】
这些年来在较大的职
业体育运动中的运动员的身体状况发生了很大的改变，
而他们
的
经理人也更愿意调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大，更高的身材。
< br>【解析】这句话是个并列句，由
and
连接。前半句的主
语是
The
bodies
，
playing
major
professional
sport
是对主语的补充，
have
changed
是谓语，
dramatically over
the years
是状语。
后半句中，
managers
是主语，
have
been
是谓语。
The
trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an
unrecognized reality: Americans have generally
stopped growing.
③
Though typically about two
inches taller now than 140 years ago,
today
’
s
people
–
especially
those born to families who have lived in the U.S.
for many generations
–
apparently reached their limit in the
early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to
get any taller. “In the
general population today, at this
genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much
gone as far as
we can go,” says
anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright
State University. In the case
of NBA
players, their increase in height appears to
result from the increasingly common practice
of recruiting players from all over the
world.
虽然体育界的这种趋势可能蒙蔽了一个没有被承认的现实：
美国人基本上停止生长了。
虽然
现在人们比
140
年前高了
2
英寸
，
特别是那些出生在已移民美国很多代的那些人，
但是明显
的，在二十世纪
60
年代早期，已经到达了
他们的身高的极限。他们已经不可能再长得更高
了。
“在这个基
因和环境的条件下，
现在整体的人们已经长到我们能够达到的范围了，
< br>”
Wright
州大学的人类学家
William Cameron Chumlea
说道。拿
NBA
球员来说，他们身高的增加主要
由于从世界各地招募到了
球员。
obscure
[
?
b's
kju
?
] a.
微暗的
,
难解的
,
含糊的
,
晦涩的
,
偏僻的<
/p>
,
不著名的
vt.
使阴暗
,
隐藏
,
使
含糊
【例】
The drafting of this
section of the Bill is obscure.
草案上的这一项含糊不清。
apparently
[
?
'p?
r
?
ntli] ad.
表面上
,
似乎
,
显然地
【例】
Apparently he
wanted to be close to those common people.
他显然想接近那些平民。
genetic
[d
?
i'neitik] a. <
/p>
遗传的
,
遗传学的
【例】
An enzyme that
catalyzes genetic recombination.
催化重级酶能催化基因重组的一种酶。
anthropologist
[?nθr?
'p
?
l
?
d
?
ist]
n.
人类学家
【例】
The anthropologist
contrasted two cultures in his lecture.
这位人类学家在讲座中将两种文化进行对比。
recruit
[ri'kru:t]
n.
新兵
,
新分子
,
新会员
,
补给品
vt.
使恢复
,
补充
,
征募
vi.
征募新兵
,
复
原
【例】
We recruit
all our restaurant staff locally .
我们从本地招所有的餐厅职员。
3.
Though typically about two inches
tal
ler now than 140 years ago, today’s
people –
especially
those
born to families who have lived in the U.S. for
many generations
–
apparently reached their
limit in the
early 1960s.
【译文】
虽然现在人们比
140
年前高了
2
英寸
，
特别是那些出生在已移民美国很多代的那些
人，但是明显的，
在二十世纪
60
年代早期，已经到达了他们的身高的极限。
【解析】
这句话主语是
< br>today
’
s
people
，
Though typically
about two inches taller now than 140
years
ago
是状语，
especially
those
born
to
families
who
have
lived
in
the
U.S.
for
many
generations
是对主语的补充，
r
eached their limit
是谓语，
in the
early 1960s
是时间状语。
④
Growth,
which
rarely
continues
beyond
the
age
of
20,
demands
calories
and
nutrients
–
notably, protein
–
to feed
expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th
century, under-nutrition
and
childhood
infections
got
in
the
way.
But
as
diet
and
health
improved,
children
and
adolescents have, on
average, increased in height by about an inch and
a half every 20 years, a
pattern known
as the secular trend in height. Yet according to
the Centers for Disease Control
and
Prevention,
average
height
–
< br>5
′
9
″
for
men,
5
′
4
″
for
women
–
hasn
’
t
really
changed since 1960. <
/p>
身高的增长一般在
20
岁以后就停止了，
而发育是需要能量和营养的，其中的蛋白质用来供
给组织的生长。在
20
世纪初，营养不良和儿童疾病妨碍了整体的发育。但是当饮食和健康
的促进，儿童和青少年平均每
20
年都增长了大概
1.5
英寸，这就是长高的趋势。根据疾病
防治中心，从
1960
年开始，人们的平均身高，男性
5
英尺
9
英寸，女
性
5
英尺
4
英
寸，就
没有怎么改变了。
tissue
['ti
?
u]
n.
薄
的纱织品
,
薄纸
,
棉纸
,
组织
,
连篇
【例】
The
process of dissolution and resorption of bony
tissue.
骨组织吸收骨组织分解和吸收
的过程。
adolescent
[?
d
?<
/p>
u'lesnt]
a.
青春期的
,
青年的
n.
青少年
【例】
an awkward bad-mannered
adolescent boy.
笨拙的没礼貌的青少年。
secular
['sekjul
?
]
n.
牧
师
,
俗人
a.
世俗的
,
现世的
,
< br>不朽的
,
长期的
【例】
The choir sings both
sacred and secular music.
唱诗班既唱圣乐也唱世俗歌曲。
4.
Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of
20, demands calories and
nutrients
–
notably,
protein
–
to feed
expanding tissues.
【译文】身高的增长一般在
< br>20
岁以后就停止了，而发育是需要能量和营养的，其中的蛋白
< br>质用来供给组织的生长。
【解析】这句话中
Growth
是主语，
which rarely
continues beyond the age of 20
是定语从句，
demands
是谓语，
calories
and nutrients
是宾语。
notably,
protein
–
to feed
expanding tissues
是对宾语的补足。
Genetically
speaking,
there
are
advantages
to
avoiding
substantial
height.
During
childbirth,
larger
babies
have
more
difficulty
passing
through
the
birth
canal.
Moreover,
even
though
humans
have
been
upright
for
millions
of
years,
our
feet
and
back
continue
to
struggle
with
bipedal posture and cannot easily
withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize
limbs. “There
are some real constraints
th
at are set by the genetic
architecture of the individual organism,” says
anthropologist William Leonard of
Northwestern University.
总的说来，
避免太高的身高是有很多优点的。
在生产时，
较大的婴儿通
过产道是有更多的问
题的。
而且，
就算
人类已经直立行走已经几百万年了，
我们的脚和背部继续对抗着巨大的压
力，这些压力来源于双足直立的姿势和巨大的肢体。
“有一些限制是个体器官的
基因结构导
致的。
”西北大学的人类学家
William Leonard
说道。
substantial
[s
?
b'
st?
n
??
l] n.
重要部分
,
本质
a.
实质上的
,
物质的
,
有内容的
,
结实的
【例】
She realized a
substantial return on the investment.
她在那次投资中获得了实在的回报
bipedal
['baipedl] a.
两足动物
【例】
large carnivorous bipedal
dinosaur having huge claws.
爪巨大的大型食肉类两足恐龙。
strain
[strein]
vt.
拉紧
,
绷紧
;
损伤
,
扭伤
;
紧张
,
勉强
vi.
尽力
,
使劲
n.
U
拉
紧
,
张力
,
应
变
;
紧
张
【例】
The great mental strain
and overwork shattered his mind.
巨大的精神负担
和过度劳累使
他心智受损。
architecture ['
ɑ
:
kitekt
??
] n.
建筑学<
/p>
,
建筑术
;
建筑
物
;
组织
,
结
构
【例】
The study of
ecclesiastical architecture and ornamentation.
教堂建筑学研究教堂建筑及装
饰的学科。
Genetic
maximums
can
change,
but
don
’
t
expect
this
to
happen
soon.
⑤
Claire
C.
Gordon,
senior
anthropologist at the Army Research Center in
Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of
the
uniforms
and
workstations
fit
recruits
without
alteration.
She
says
that,
unlike
those
for
basketball, the length of military
uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you
need to
predict human height in the
near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon
says that by and
large, “you could use
today’s data and feel fairly
confident.”
基因的最大化可以改变，但是不要期
待它会马上就能发生。
Mass
州的
N
atick
的军队研究中
心的高级人类学家
Claire
C.
Gordon
确信百分之九十的入伍新兵不需要更换新的制服和工作
站。她说，
不像那些篮球制服，
军队的制服长度很长时间都没有改变了。如果你需要在不远
的将来预测人类的身高而去设计一款新的设备，
Gordon
说基本上，
“你都能够使用现在的数
据并且觉
得非常地自信。
”
5.
Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the
Army Research Center in Natick, Mass,ensures
that 90 percent of the uniforms and
workstations fit recruits without alteration.
【译文】
Mass
州的
Natick
的军队研究中心的高级人类学家
Claire
C. Gordon
确信百分之九十