-
A
N
S
WE
R
K
EY
Part Four: Handbook of Sentence
Skills
23 Subjects and
V
erbs
Activity,
402
1.
The ripening
tomatoes glistened on the sunny
windowsill.
2.
Acupuncture
reduces the pain of my headaches.
3.
Elena twisted a strand of hair around
her fingers.
4.
My brother
built his bookshelves from cinder blocks and
planks of wood.
5.
A
jackrabbit bounds up to fifteen feet in one
leap.
6.
The singer‘s
diamond
earrings sparkled in the
spotlight.
7.
My roommate
dries her nylons over the lampshade in her
bedroom.
8.
On St.
Patrick‘s Day, our neighborhood
tavern
serves green beer.
9.
My six-year-old brother survives on a
diet of peanut butter and jelly.
10.
During my
parents‘ divorce,
I felt like a rag
doll being torn between two people.
Activity, 404
1.
A
thick layer of dust covers
the top of our refrigerator .
2.
In June, sagging Christmas decorations
were still hanging in the windows of the abandoned
house.
3.
The people in
the all-night coffee shop seemed weary and
lost.
4.
Every plant
in the dim room bent toward the small
window.
5.
A
glaring headline about the conviction of a local
congressman attracted my attention.
6.
Two of the biggest stores in the mall
are going out of business.
7.
The modem‘s tiny red
lights
suddenly started to flicker.
8.
A
neighbor of mine does all
her work at home and E-mails it to the
office.
9.
The jar of
peppercorns tumbled from the spice shelf and
shattered on the floor.
10.
The scar in the hollow
of Brian‘s throat
is the
result of an emergency operation to clear his
windpipe.
Review Test,
405
1.
With one
graceful motion, the shortstop fielded the
grounder and threw to first base.
2.
Like human mothers, sheep and goat
mothers develop close bonds with their
babies.
3.
Before class,
Antoinetta and Jorge rushed to the coffee machine
in the hall.
4.
I shifted
uncomfortably on the lumpy mattress before falling
into a restless sleep.
5.
Waiting in the long ticket line, Matt
shifted his weight from one foot to the
other.
6.
Ancient
Egyptians were brandingcattle more than four
thousand years ago.
7.
Lilacs and honeysuckle perfume our yard
on summer nights.
8.
The driver abruptly halted her Jeep and
backed up toward a narrow parking
place.
9.
During the
American Revolution, some brides rejected white
wedding gowns and wore red as a symbol
of rebellion.
10.
The little girl‘s frantic
family called a psychic to locate the
child.
24 Fragments
Note
: For each item the
fragment, or that part of the original fragment
not changed during
correction, is
underlined.
Activity 1
(Dependent
–
Word Fragments),
408
–
409
Answers will
vary.
Activity 2 (Dependent-
Word Fragments),
409
–
410
1.
Whenever I
spray deodorant, my cat arches her
back.
2.
We had a
great time playing football in the house until he
came home for the weekend.
3.
If Kim takes too long saying good-bye
to her boyfriend, her father will start flicking
the porch light.
4.
Scientists are studying mummified
remains that are thousands of years
old.
5.
Before I turn
on the microwave oven, I have to turn off the
overhead light in the kitchen.
Activity 1 (-
ing
Fragments), 411
1.
Marble-sized hailstones fell from the
sky, flattening the young plants in the
cornfield.
2.
They came to
a stop at my house.
3.
The reason for this is that I am
partially deaf.
Activity 2
(-
ing
and
to
Fragments),
412
Answers may vary.
1.
Looking at
the worm on the table, Shelby groaned.
2.
I put a box of baking soda in the
freezer to get rid of the musty smell.
3.
Staring at the clock on the far wall, I
nervously began my speech.
4.
Fantasizing about the upcoming weekend,
Jerome sat quietly at his desk.
5.
To get to the bus station from here,
you have to walk two blocks out of your
way.
Activity 1 (Added-
Detail Fragments),
413
–
414
1.
For example,
he sees the new movies first.
2.
And his fingertips are always black,
like ink pads.
3.
Electronic
devices, such as video cameras and cell phones,
keep getting smaller.
Activity 2 (Added-Detail Fragments),
414
Methods of correction may
vary.
1.
Left-handed students face problems. For
example, they must sit at right-handed
desks.
2.
Mrs. Fields
always wears her lucky clothes, such as a blouse
printed with four-leaf clovers, to
bingo.
3.
Hundreds of
moths were swarming around the stadium lights like
large flecks of snow.
4.
For instance, he buys and sells comic
books and movie posters.
5.
I
wonder now why I had to learn certain subjects,
such as geometry.
Activity
(Missing-Subject Fragments),
415
–
416
Answers may vary.
1.
Then she does fifty sit-ups.
2.
I like all kinds of pizza but refuse to
eat frozen pizza.
3.
They break out in hives when they eat
it, andthey can even have trouble
breathing.
4.
To distract
me, the dentist tugged at a corner of my mouth.
Thenhe jabbed a needle into my gums and
injected a painkiller.
5.
Last semester, I took six courses and
worked part-time in a discount
drugstore.
Review Test 1,
417
1.
C
5.
C
9.
C
13.
C
17.
C
2.
F
6.
F
10.
C
14
F
18.
C
3.
F
7.
F
11.
F
15.
C
19.
F
4.
C
8.
C
12.
C
16.
F
20.
C
Corrections
(methods of correction may vary):
2.
I‘m starting
to think there is no safe place left to ride a
bicycle.
3.
When
I
try
to
ride
in
the
highway,
in
order
to
go
to
school,
I
feel
like
a
rabbit
being
pursued
by
predators.
6.
Drivers whip past me at high speeds and
try to see how close they can get to my bike
without actually
killing me.
7.
When they pull onto the shoulder of the
road or make a right turn, drivers completely
ignore my vehicle.
11.
Regardless of an
approaching bike rider, street-side car doors will
unexpectedly open.
14.
Frustrated drivers who are
stuck in traffic will make nasty comments or shout
out obscene propositions.
16.
While
jaywalking across the street, the
pedestrian will treat me, a law
-abiding
bicyclist, to a withering
look of
disdain.
19.
Pedestrians may even cross my path
deliberately, as if to prove their higher position
in the pecking order
of the city
streets.
Review Test 2,
418
1.
We
both
began
to
tire
as we
passed
the
halfway
mark
in
the
race.
But
whenever
I‘d
hear
Reggie‘s
footsteps behind
me, I would pump my legs a little
faster.
2.
I have a few
phobias, such as fear of heights and fear of dogs.
My ultimate nightmare is to be trapped in
a hot-air balloon with three German
shepherds.
3.
Punching
all
the
buttons
on
the
radio
in
sequence,
Phil
kept
looking
for
a
good
song.
He was
in
the
mood to cruise down the highway and
sing at the top of his voice.
4.
My
children
joke
that
we
celebrate
―Hanumas‖
with
our
Jewish
neighbors.
We
share
Hanukkah
and
Christmas activities,
including making potato pancakes at their house
and decorating our tree.
5.
I
noticed
two cartons
of
cigarettes
sticking
up
out
of
my
neighbor‘s
trash
bag
.
I
realized
that
he
had
made up
his mind to give up smoking for the fifth time
this year.
6.
I‘ve decided
to
leave home and rent an apartment
with my best friend. By being away from home and
on my own, I will get along better with
my parents.
7.
The alley
behind our house was flat
except for a
wide groove in the center. We used to sail paper
boats
down the groove
whenever it rained hard enough to
create a ―river‖ there
.
8.
Don passed the computer school‘s
aptitude test,
which qualifies him for
nine months of training. Don
kidded
that anyone could be accepted if he or she had
$$4000.
Review Test 3,
419
Answers will vary.
25 Run-
Ons
Activity (Period and a
Capital Letter),
422
–
423
1.
job. They
6.
words. He
2.
wills. She
7.
scissors.
T
hen
3.
dressing. She
8.
roof.
Their
4.
water. They
9.
work. Every
5.
environment. They
10.
movies. I
Activity 1 (Comma and a Joining Word),
424
1.
but 6.
so
2.
and
7.
but
3.
so
8. and
4. for
9.
for
5.
but 10.
so
or
and
Activity 2 (Comma and a
Joining Word),
424
–
425
Answers will
vary.
Activity 3 (Period and
a Capital Letter
or
Comma
and a Joining Word),
425
–
426
Corrections may
vary.
1.
refrigerator, and then
6.
stiff, but
soaking
2.
environment.
They
7.
work. Some
3.
heat, so I
8.
house. Now
4.
Russia. We
9.
Correct
5.
T-shirts. The
10.
city. We
Activity
(Semicolon), 427
1.
plates; they
6.
house; they
2.
week; now
7.
window; Joey
3.
immense; it‘s
8.
microscope; he
4.
bacon; her
9.
street; the
5.
covers; she
10.
fist; later
Activity (Semicolon with a Transitional
Word), 429
1.
; as a result,
(
or
thus, consequently,
or
therefore)
2.
; however, (
or
on
the other hand)
3.
;
otherwise,
4.
;
meanwhile,
5.
;
nevertheless, (
or
however)
Review Test 1,
430
–
431
Corrections may
vary.
1.
break, but
6.
victims,
so
2.
drivers. When
7.
marriage. Five
3.
tray. Then
8.
health,
so
4.
bare, and
they
9.
schoolwork.
The
5.
corner.
A
10.
Correct
Review
Test 2, 431
–
432
1. days. Its
Or:
days, and
its
Or
: days; its
2. heels. Then
Or
: heels, and then
Or
: heels; then
3. diner.
A
Or
: diner, and a
Or
: diner; a
4. occult. It
Or
:
occult, for it
Or
: occult; it
5. parents.
This
Or
: parents, for
this
Or
: parents; this
6.
intersection. Rusty
Or
:
intersection, but rusty
Or:
intersection;
rusty
7. deafness. He
Or
: deafness, so he
Or
: deafness; he
8. far. Larger
Or
: far, so larger
Or
:
far; larger
9. common. No
Or
:
common, for no
Or
:
common; no
10.
soda. It
Or
:
soda, but it
Or:
soda; it
Review Test 3, 432
Corrections may
vary.
coming, so they
relax. Then
bathroom; she
door. It
coffee,
but I
Review Test 4,
432
Answers will
vary.
26
Regular and
Irregular V
erbs
Activity (Present Tense Endings), 434
1.
wakes
2.
clowns
3.
watches
4.
wants
5.
works
Activity
(Irregular V
erbs), 438
1.
chose chosen
2.
begun began
3.
drunk drank
4.
breaked broke
5.
shrunkshrank
Activity (Nonstandard Forms
of Irregular V
erbs), 440
1.
be is
2.
have has
3.
were was
4.
have had
5.
was were
Review Test 1, 441
1.
walk walked
2.
stole stolen
3.
choose chose
Activity (Past
Tense Endings), 435
1.
caved
2.
complained
3.
realized
4.
burned
5.
edged
6.
rung
rang
7.
forgot forgotten
8.
went gone
9.
throwed
thrown
10.
blowed
blew
6.
were was
7.
was were
8.
was
were
9.
done did
10.
do does
6.
doesn‘t
don‘t
7.
begun began
8.
check
checked
4.
tore torn
9.
has have
5.
has have
10.
sticked stuck
Review Test 2, 441
Answers will
vary.
27 Subject-V
erb
Agreement
Activity (Words
Between Subject and V
erb),
442
–
443
1.
Some members
of the parents‘
association
want to ban certain books
from the school library.
2.
Chung‘s trench
coat, with
its big lapels and shoulder flaps, makes him feel
like a tough private eye.
3.
Misconceptions
about
apes
like
the
gorilla
haveturned
a
relatively
peaceful
animal
into
a
terrifying
monster.
4.
The rising cost of necessities like
food and shelter forces many elderly people to
live in poverty.
5.
In my opinion, a few slices of
pepperoni pizza make a great evening.
Activity (V
erb Before
Subject), 443
Activity
(Compound Subjects), 456
1.
are
1.
sit
2.
are
2.
cover
3.
do
3.
knows
4.
were
4.
were
5.
was
5.
smell
Activity (Indefinite Pronouns),
445
1.
suits
3.
are
5.
falls
2.
mentions
4.
enters
Review
Test 1, 445
–
446
1.
are
6.
damages
2.
was
7.
was
3.
seem
8.
makes
4.
are
9.
clean
5.
contains
10.
is
Review Test 2, 446
is are
1. Martha and
her mother
look looks
2.
Neither
was were
3.
Three goats, a potbellied pig, and a
duck
looks look
4.
balls
is are
5.
low-calorie
cola and the double-chocolate cake
interfere interferes
6.
odor
are is
7.
One
is are
8.
gum and some tape
begin begins
9.
man
have
has 10.
Each
Review Test 3, 447
Answers will
vary. Subjects for sentences 1, 2, 3 and 4 are
underlined below.
1.
The magazines
under my roommate‘s bed . .
.
2.
The car with the purple
fenders . . .
3.
My boss and
her secretary . . .
4.
Neither of the football players . .
.
28
Additional Information About
V
erbs
Activity
(V
erb Tense), 449
Activity (Helping V
erbs),
450
Activity
(V
erbals), 451
Answers will vary.
Answers will vary.
Answers will
vary.
29 Pronoun Agreement and
Reference
Activity (Pronoun
Agreement), 453
Activity (Indefinite Pronouns),
454
1.
they
1.
her
2.
them
2.
he
3.
they
3.
its
4.
their
4.
his or her
5.
it
5.
him
Activity (Pronoun Reference),
455
–
456
The rewritten
part of each sentence is underlined. Corrections
may vary slightly.
1.
Dad spent all morning bird-
watching but
didn‘t see a single
bird.
2.
At the fast-food restaurant, the
counterpeoplegive you free glasses with your soft
drinks.
3.
Ruth told
Annette,
―My bouts of
depression
are becoming
serious.‖
Or:
Ruth told
Annette,
―Y
our bouts
of depression are becoming
serious.‖
4.
Dipping her spoon into the pot of
simmering spaghetti sauce, Helen felt the spoon
slip out of her hand.
5.
Pete visited the tutoring center
because its staff can help him with his economics
course.
Review Test 1,
456
1.
her
2.
the shop
employees
3
his
4.
the
subject
5.
he or
she
Review Test 2,
456
–
457
1.
their
his or her
2.
they
the players
3.
he they
b.
4.
their
her
5.
they
the owners
30
Pronoun
Types
Activity (Subject and
Object Pronouns),
460
–
461
2.
S
he
3.
S
she
4.
S
they
5.
S
We
6.
S
She
7.
S
he
8.
O
me
9.
O
them
10.
O
me
Activity (Possessive Pronouns),
461
–
462
1.
its
2.
theirs
3.
hers
4.
ours
5.
yours
Activity
(Demonstrative Pronouns), 462
1.
This here
This
2.
them
those
3.
them
those
4.
that there
that
b.
a.
b.
a.
5.
them
those
Review
Test, 463
1.
them
6.
me
2.
Those
7.
I
3.
me
8.
This
4.
theirs
9.
hers
5.
her
10.
I
31 Adjectives and
Adverbs
Activity
(Adjectives), 466
1.
best
2.
youngest
3.
worse
4.
most unusual
5.
least
Activity
(Adverbs), 467
1.
rapidly
2.
thick
3.
continuously
4.
carefully
5.
heavy
Activity
(
Well
and
Good)
, 467
1.
good
2.
well
3.
well
4.
good
5.
well
Review Test
1, 468
1.
less
2.
worse
3.
quickly
4.
confidently
5.
well
6.
truthful
7.
suddenly
8.
thinner
9.
good
10.
warmest
Review Test 2,
468
Answers will vary.
32 Misplaced
Modifiers
Activity,
469
–
470
Note
:
The
underlined
part
in
each
of
the
corrections
below
shows
what
had
been
a
misplaced
modifier.
1.
The patient
on
the psychiatrist‘s couch
talked about
his childhood.
Or
:
On the
psychiatrist‘s couch
, the patient
talked about his childhood.
2.
With swiveling heads, the crowd watched
the tennis players.
3.
V
onnie put four hamburger
patties, which she was cooking for dinner, on the
counter.
4.
Steve
carefully hung in the bedroom closet the new suit
that he would wear to his first job
interview.
5
Anne ripped on a car door the shirt
that she made in sewing class.
Or
: Anne ripped the shirt
that she made in sewing class on a car
door.
6.
The latest
Tom Hanks movie has opened in almost 2,200
theaters across the country
.
7.
Wearing a bulletproof vest, the
newscaster spoke softly into a
microphone.
Or:
The newscaster, wearing
a bulletproof vest,spoke softly into a
microphone.
8.
Owing two
months‘ re
nt, the tenants left town in
a dilapidated old car.
Or:
The tenants,
owing two months‘
rent,
left town in a dilapidated old
car.
Or
: The tenants
who owed two months‘ rent
left town in a dilapidated old car.
9.
The woman with arthritis picked up a
heavy frying pan.
10.
In the greenhouse, I
discovered an unusual plant that oozed a milky
juice.
Review Test 1,
470
–
471
1.
MM
6.
C
2.
C
7.
C
3.
C
8.
MM
4.
MM
9.
MM
5.
MM
10.
C
Review Test 2, 471
Note
:
The
underlined
part
in
each
of
the
corrections
below
shows
what
had
been
a
misplaced
modifier.
1.
Henry
Wadsworth
Longfellow
wrote
in
a
poem
that rainbows
are
flowers
that
have
died
and
gone
to
heaven.
Or
: In a poem, Henry
Wadsworth Longfellow wrote that rainbows are
flowers that have died and gone
to
heaven.
2.
I filled
almost an entire notebook with biology lab
drawings.
3.
With envious
eyes, the apprentice watched the master carpenter
expertly fit the door.
4.
The photographer pointed the camera
equipped with a special night-vision scope at the
shy deer.
Or:
The
photographer pointed at the shy deer the camera
equipped with a special night-vision
scope.
5.
With tired
faces, the people on the bus stared at the ceiling
or read newspapers.
33 Dangling
Modifiers
Activity,
473
–
474
1.
The audience
cheered wildly as the elephants, dancing on their
hind legs, paraded by.
Or:
The audience cheered
wildly as the elephants paraded by, dancing on
their hind legs.
2.
The
police
spokesperson said
the
suspect,
last
seen wearing
dark
glasses
and
a
blond
wig, was
still
being
sought.
3.
As I was
pouring out the cereal, a coupon fell into my bowl
of milk.
4.
I knew the
limousine, which was escorted by dozens of police
motorcycles, carried someone important.
Or:
Because it was escorted
by dozens of police motorcycles, I knew the
limousine carried someone
important.
5.
Tired and exasperated, we had a fight
that was inevitable.
Or:
Because we were tired and exasperated, the fight
we had was inevitable.
6.
Fran had difficulty removing the
anchovies, which were packed tightly in a tiny
can.
7.
Raquel
finally found her sneakers, which had been kicked
carelessly under the bed.
8.
As I worked at the Xerox machine, the
morning dragged on.
9.
While we were sitting at a sidewalk
café
, all sorts of interesting people
passed by.
10.
Though they were somewhat warped, Uncle
Zeke played his records from the
forties.
Or:
Uncle Zeke
played his somewhat warped records from the
forties.
Review Test 1,
474
–
475
1.
DM
6.
C
2.
C
7.
C
3.
C
8.
DM
4.
DM
9.
DM
5.
DM
10.
C
Review Test 2, 475
1.
Because I
hadn‘t had much sleep, my concentration during
class was weak.
Or:
Not having had much sleep, I couldn‘t
concentrate very well during class.
2.
A
team of surgeons
successfully separated the Siamese twins, who were
joined at the hip.
3.
While I was wading in the shallow surf,
a baby shark brushed past my leg.
4.
While being restrained by federal
marshals, the kidnapper was sentenced by the
judge.
Or
: The judge
sentenced the kidnapper, who was being restrained
by federal marshals.
5.
Beth was in a sentimental frame of
mind, so the music brought tears to her
eyes.
Review Test 3,
476
Answers will vary.
34 Manuscript
Form
Activity,
478
(Order of answers may
vary.)
2.
Right-hand margins should not be
crowded.
3.
Title should
not be put in quotation marks or
underlined.
4.
―Alone‖
should be capitalized in the title.
5.
A
line should be skipped
between the title and the first line of
text.
6.
Paragraphs
should be indented.
7.
The first sentence of the paper must
stand independent of the title. (In the student
paper, the reader must
rely on the
title to know what ―This‖ in the first sentence
refers to.)
35 Capital Letters
Activity,
481
–
482
1.
Beatles . . .
Candlestick
Park
6.
Big
River . . .
Chilean . . .
Atlantic
2.
Natural Health . . . Abraham Lincoln
7.
Cowboys . . .
Boston
3.
I
.
. .
V
ick‘s
.
. .
Listerine
8.
Diet
Pepsi
.
.
.
Hostess
Twinkie
4.
Boy Scouts . . . Springfield . . .
Illinois
9.
Glamour . . . Men . . . Want
5.
Cape Cod . . . Massachusetts
10.
Joan . . .
Congratulations
Activity,
484
1.
World War . . . Americans . . .
Japanese
2.
Korea . . . French . . .
Swiss . . . Chinese
3.
Uncle Harvey
4.
Introduction . . . Word
Processing
5.
V
ietnamese
Activity (Unnecessary Use of Capitals),
484
–
485
1.
forces . . .
farmers
2.
aunt . . .
convertible
3.
baseball . .
. team . . . home . . . run
4.
book . . . unusual . . . museums . . .
believe
5.
electron . .
. microscope . . . television . . .
atomic
Review
Test
1,
485
–
486
Review
Test 2,
486
1.
HamptonPark . . .
Tenth
Street
Answers will vary.
2.
Charlie Chaplin . . . Gloria
Swanson
3.
Mammoth Cave
. . . Kentucky
4.
Arkansas . .
. President
5.
Groucho
Marx
6.
Why . . .
Groucho . . . Are
7.
Wash & Dry . . .
Elm Street
. . . I . . .
Tide
8.
Mother . . .
February . . . Groundhog Day
9.
Stone . . . The Birds . . . Tori
Amos
10.
Polaroid . . . Trident . . .
Jell-O
36 Numbers and Abbreviations
Activity (Numbers), 488
1.
three-thirty
3:30 . . . one-oh-six 106 . . . Forty-Second 42d
(
or
42nd)
2.
4 four . . . 75 seventy-five
3.
fifty 50 . . . tenth 10
(
or
10th)
Activity (Abbreviations),
489
1.
Nov
. November . . . Jan.
January . . . lbs. pounds
2.
aftern. afternoon . . . doc. doctor . .
. appt. appointment
3.
p.o. post office . . . min.
minutes . . . dol. dollars
Review Test,
489
1.
h.s. high school . . . 5,000 five
thousand
2.
3 three . . . cigs.
cigarettes
3.
2 two . . . Feb. February . . . twenty-
fifth 25 (
or
25th)
4.
Span. Spanish
. . . 1 one . . . One 1
5.
kitch. kitchen . . . 3 three
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：2018高考3500词汇表
下一篇：Brave勇敢传说对白