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Unit
5
Dreams
Are You a Dreamer?
1
Dreams
—
why do we have
them? Do they mean anything? Is there such a thing
as a dream in which the events seen by
the dreamer come true? Such questions have
interested
people
for
thousands
of
years.
Scientific
advances
in
the
past
few
decades
have revealed more about the physical
process
of sleep,
but they
still
don't offer
any final
answers to the many questions about dreams that
continue to puzzle us.
2 Everyone
dreams
—
it's
just
that
some
of
us
can't
remember
doing
so.
Recordings
of
human brain waves show that we all go into dream
mode when we fall asleep. We
dream
for
most
of
the
night,
but
we're
only
able
to
remember
our
dreams
if
we
happen
to wake up while we
are still in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. This
is when we
dream.
We
have
four
or
five
REM
stages
of
sleep
during
the
night,
the
first
occurring
about
90
minutes
after
we
fall
asleep.
After
that,
our
dreaming
periods
recur
every
90
minutes
and
last
between
15
to
45
minutes,
getting
longer
as
the
night
progresses.
3 The main
purpose of sleeping (apart from giving us rest)
may be to allow us
to
dream
—
to review our lives,
our worries and hopes in a totally different way,
and
to
get
an
unconscious
view
of
ourselves,
getting
rid
of
material
from
our
memories
that we no longer need.
4
Some
dreams
may
have
a
simple
physiological
cause.
Dreaming
of
walking
on
hot
coals, for example, may well be caused
by sleeping with your feet too close to a
heater. And the frustrating dream in
which you try to run but your legs won't move
may
be
explained
by
bedding
that
is
too
tight.
Anyone
who
sleeps
through
their
alarm
may well dream of
doorbells or telephones ringing. All are simple
examples of how
the unconscious works
with our conscious mind to guide and advise us.
5 But such physiological
explanations are not enough to tell us why we
dream.
Some
people believe
that
dreams
are
total
nonsense,
merely
the
result
of
the
misfiring
of electrical impulses in the brain, while on the
other hand, some read
great importance
into even the simplest of dreams.
6
Some dreams reflect inner fears that are instantly
recognizable. Dreaming of
losing
your
job
or
house
can
reflect
real
fears,
even
if
they
are
only
subconscious.
Most of us have dreamed that we had to
take a final exam for a difficult course,
which we had never taken, or in which
we had done poorly.
7 But
what
of
the
dreams
that
do
not
have
such
an
obvious
meaning?
For
centuries,
both
men
and
women
have
sought
the
answers
in
so-
called
dream
dictionaries,
possibly
the
oldest
of
which
dates
back
to
5000
BC.
According
to
these
dictionaries,
a
dream
.
.
about
drinking
wine
meant
a
short
life,
whereas
a
dream
about
drinking
water
predicted a long life.
8 By
AD
200,
dream
dictionaries
had
lost
none
of
their
popularity,
and
the
ancient
Greek
Artemidorus wrote a five-volume interpretation of
more than 3,000 dreams,
listing such
symbols as right hand (meaning father), left hand
(meaning mother),
and dolphin (a good
omen).
9 Today, there are countless
books offering dream interpretations in libraries
and
bookshops.
They're
as
popular
as
ever
with
dream
enthusiasts,
but
most
experts
warn
that
they
should
be
read
with
care.
Psychoanalyst
and
author
Kenneth
Saunders
explains,
mind
and analysis is
so
open to mistakes or errors. I believe
you can only discover the true meaning of a
dream if you know the person who had
the dream.
你做梦吗？
1
梦
.
我们为什么会做梦？梦有意义吗？真的有梦中所见的事成为现实这种事吗？几千年
来这些
问题一直让人们感兴趣。过去几十年的科学发展对睡眠的自然过程有了较多的认识
.
然而对于与梦有关的诸多问题依然没有提供最终的答案
.
这些问题还要继续困惑我们。
2
人人都做梦——只不过有些人不记得做过梦罢了。
人类脑电波的记录显示
我们所有人入
睡后就进入梦境。整个夜晚的大多数时间我们都在做梦
.
但只有当我们处在
REM
(
眼睛迅速
转动
)
< br>睡眠阶段时醒来
.
才会记住所做的梦。眼睛迅速转动阶段
便是我们做梦的时候。每晚
我们有四、
五个
REM
睡眠阶段
.
第一次出现在入
睡后的
90
分钟左右。
此后
.
梦期每
90
分钟复
现一次
.
每次持续
15
到
45
分钟
.
持续时间随着夜晚的深入逐渐增长。
3
睡眠的主要目的
（除让我们休
息外）
也许就是让我们做梦——让我们以一种截然不同的
方式回
顾我们的生活、
我们的忧虑和希望
.
以
及在潜意识中观察自我
.
把不再需要的资料从记
忆中剔除。
4
有些梦
可能是由简单的生理原因引起的。例如
.
梦到在灼热的煤块上行
走很可能是因为
睡眠时脚太靠近取暖器。而梦到想跑但两腿却动弹不了这种令人沮丧的境
况
.
也许是被子裹
得太紧的缘故。
闹铃响了而依然熟睡的人则很可能会梦到门铃或电话铃响。
所有这些
都是潜
意识和意识共同引导和启示我们的简单例子。
5
不过这些从生理的角度进行的解释尚不足以说明为什么
我们会做梦。
有些人认为梦纯粹
是无稽之谈
.
仅仅是人脑中电脉冲无的放矢的结果
.
< br>然而
.
有些人则认为最简单的梦都具有重
要的含义。
6
有些梦
反映的内心忧虑是立即可以识别的。梦见失去工作或者没了房子
.
也许是反映了
真实的忧虑
.
即便这些
忧虑只是潜意识的。我们大多数人都梦见过必须参加一门很难的课程
的期末考试
.
也许是一门从未修过的
.
或许是学得很糟的课程。
.
.
7
但是
.
有一些梦并没有这样明显的含义
.
这是怎么回事呢？多个世纪
以来
.
男男女女都从
所谓的解梦字典中
寻找答案
.
这类字典最早的可以追溯到公元前
< br>5000
年。根据这些字典
.
梦
见喝酒意味着短命
.
而梦见喝水则预示
长寿。
8
一直到公元
200
年
.
解梦字典受
欢迎的程度仍丝毫未减。
当时
.
古希腊
的阿尔米多鲁斯写
了一部长达五卷的书
.
解析了
3000
多个梦
.
列举了一系列的象征
.
诸如右手（表示父亲）
.
左
手（表示母亲）
.
以及海豚（表示好兆头）
。
9
如今
.
图书馆和书店里有无数的书籍为梦做解析。
对于那些热衷于探讨梦的人来说
.
它们
依然深受欢迎。然而
.
多数专家警告说
.
读这些书时要非
常谨慎。心理分析家兼作家肯尼
思·桑德斯解释说：“梦与每个人的思维密切相关
.
因此分析往往容易出现错误和偏差。我
认为
.
只有当你了解了做梦的人时
.
才能发现梦的真正含义。”
Dreams That Came True
[1]
On
the
night
of
November
7,
1965,
Mary
Daughtery
had
a
nightmare.
She
cannot
forget
that
dream
nor
can
her
husband,
George.
She
tells
of
it
like
this:
“I
dreamed
I
was
on
a
hill
at
night.
Lightning
flashed
and
thunder
rolled.
Then
I
saw
a
bright
light in
the sky. There was a loud impact and I heard
screams everywhere. ”
[2]
Mary says that then she saw a hand lying on the
ground. She had a sense of
dread, but
she went closer. Then she saw an arm and then the
shattered body at the
end of the arm.
She says that in her dream she screamed, “Somebody
please help!”
Then she saw some men
with a large basket made of wicker. They put the
body into
the basket and went away.
[3]
Mary
was
still
screaming
when
she
woke
up.
“Mary!”
George
was
bending
over
her,
shaking her. “What is the matter?” he asked.
[4] Mary told him, “I just
saw you killed in a plane crash. Oh George, please
don't go on th
at plane to
Cincinnati.”
[5] Mary
begged him not to go, but George would not let her
stop him. But as
he drove to the
airport, George began to feel strange . Then he
saw a plane flying
overhead, and his
heart began to thump with fear. Then he knew he
could not get on
the
plane.
He
called
the
airport
and
told
them
to
cancel
his
ticket.
Then
he
called
Mary
and took the train to Cincinnati.
[6]
That
night,
Flight
383
ran
into
a
bad
storm
when
it
tried
to
land
in
Cincinnati.
The plane crashed into a hill. Mary saw
the news report on television. It was just
like her dream. She saw men with
baskets come to carry away bodies. But she knew
George was safe. He was safe because of
the omen of her dream.
[7]
John
Bradley
also
had
a
dream
like
this.
He
lived
in
England
and
was
a
teacher.
.
.
He was also a naturalist. He liked to
take his class on field trips to learn about
nature.
[8]
One
night
he
had
a
dream.
It
came
to
him
a
week
before
one
of
the
field
trips
he
had planned. He dreamed he was leading his class
along a country lane beside a
churchyard.
[9] In his
dream, Bradley told two of the boys to lead the
way through the
churchyard. He would
walk at the other end of the line to keep the
small children
moving.
But
as
they
went
through
the
churchyard,
Bradley
felt
the
ground
shake.
Then
he
heard a loud cracking and ripping sound. Then
something huge and dark rushed
towards
him. It was a huge elm tree. It crashed down right
on top of the line of
children.
[10]
Bradley
was
very
upset
by
his
dream.
He
thought
he
should
cancel
the
trip.
He told his class about the dream, but
they laughed at him. And they did not want
to
call
off
the
trip.
Even
the
other
teachers
laughed
at
him
and
told
him
he
should
not spoil the
children's fun. So Bradley agreed that they would
go. “But
you must
promise,”
he told them, “to go only where I tell you to go.”
[11] So the field trip went
ahead. When they came to the lane, Bradley would
not
let
the
children
take
a
detour
through
the
churchyard.
Some
of
them
thought
this
was
silly, but they did what they were told.
[12] At the end of the lane, they came
to a bridge across a river. The older
boys
came
to
a
halt
and
asked,
“Which
way
shall
we
go,
sir?
Shall
we
cross
the
river
or stay on the path beside it?”
[13] Bradley stopped. He
had a funny f
eeling about the footpath.
“Cross the
bridge,”
he
told
them.
So
the
children
began
to
walk
across
the
bridge.
Then
Bradley
heard the same
terrible cracking sound he had heard in his dream.
He looked back.
On the very edge
of the
footpath,
he
saw
a huge
elm shake and tremble. Then it fell
to
the
ground.
His
premonition
had
come
true.
The
children
stared
at
each
other
and
then at
their teacher. If they had walked along the
footpath, they would have been
at the
very spot where the tree had fallen.
成为现实的梦
1 1965
年
11
月
7
日的晚上
.
玛丽·都特瑞做了一个噩梦。
她忘不了那个梦
.
她的丈夫乔治
也忘不了。
她是这么讲述自己的梦的：“我梦见夜里自己在一座山上。
电闪雷鸣。
然后我看
见天上一道亮光。巨大
的撞击声
.
然后我听到四处都是尖叫声。”
2
玛丽说
.
她接着看见地上有一只手。
她感到有些害怕
.
但还是走上前去。
然后她看见了一
.
.
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