-
导游考试英文导游词
Good morning! My name is Zhang
Yuan.
Can I
begin?
Attention
please.
Ladies and
gentleman,
welcome to
beautiful city, Nanjing. I am the guide Zhang.
Today, we are
going to visit *****. On
the way to ****, let me introduce our beautiful
city, Nanjing.
Nanjing
is
the
capital
city
of
Jiangsu
Province
and
the
provincial
political,
economic
and
cultural
center;
she
is
located in
the lower reaches of Yangtze River, southwest of
the province. The population of its urban area is
about 3
million.
Nanjing is one of the historical and
cultural cities rectified by the state.
She bears the reputation of the
capital of Wu,
Easter
Jin,
Song,
Qi,
Liang,
Chen,
Southern
Tang,
Ming,
Taiping
Kingdom
and
Republic
of
China
subsequently.
Nanjing is a place of celebrities and
humanities, with a splendid cultural heritage. The
attraction of
Nanjing consists in the
combination of rich natural and cultural
heritages. With many a relics of the
Republic of
China era in
particular, Nanjing is recognized as the museum of
modern Chinese history.
DR. SUN YATSEN’S MAUSOLEUM
Among
all
the
historical
and
cultural
attractions
in
Nanjing,
the
most
favored
highlight
is
Dr.
Sun
Yaten?s
Mausoleum.
Dr. Sun Yatsen?s Mausoleum
sits on the southern slope of the purple Mountain
in
the eastern suburb
of the
city. The construction began on March 12, 1926 and
was completed in 1929 when the remains of Dr. Sun
Yatsen was transported from Beijing and
buried at the present site on June, 1.
Dr. Sun Yatsen, also named Sun Wen or
Sun Zhongshan, is considered as the forerunner of
the Chinese democratic
revolution.
Dr.
Sun
Yatsen
is
a
great
man
because
he
devoted
40
yeas
of
his
life
to
pursuing
his
dream
to
overthrow the feudal monarchy and build
a progressive, united and democratic Republic of
China.
Why was Dr. Sun
Yatsen buried in Nanjing instead of in his
hometown or Beijing where he died?
The
mausoleum
site was first recommended to
Dr. Sun Yatsen by the abbot of Linggu Temple for
its good geomantic omen.
One
day in April, 1912, he went hunting at
the site of present mausoleum with his
friends.
Dr. Sun Yatsen was
really so
amazed by the beautiful
environment that he said to them: “I wish I could
be bestowed a piece of land by people and
be buried here after my death”.
He once again expressed this desire in
his sickbed in 1925.
The
architect named
Lu Yanzhi.
Dr. Sun Yatsen?s Mausoleum is designed
in the shape of a liberty bell, intending to
remind people never
to get self-
contented.
The park of mausoleum
covers an area of 800000 square meters.
The whole architecture,
from the gateway to the main entrance,
tablet pavilion, memorial hall and the tomb vault,
lies on the north-south axis
with 392
steps and 10 platforms in between.
The buildings are all constructed with
natural granite and marbles and
covered
by blue glazed-title roofs.
Opposite to the bronze incense-burner
off the square, stands the 12-meter high gateway
of three arches with Dr.
Sun Yatsen?s
handwriting “Fraternity” carved on its front top.
The 480 meters long Tomb Avenue, lined
with pine,
gingko and maple trees,
leads to the main entrance tower roofed by blue-
glazed tile.
Under the front eave of
the
tower, Dr. Sun
Yatsen?s
motto “The
world belongs to people” can
be seen.
Walking through it,
the first building
one will
see is the tablet pavilion which houses a huge
tombstone which is engraved with “Premier Dr. Sun
is buried
here by the Chinese
Koumingtang on June 1, 1929”.
From
there, a panoramic view of the memorial hall can
be
obtained. However, there are still
392 steps in 4 flights to go before tourists reach
the memorial hall on the top, and a
platform
with
stone
benches
at
every
flight
so
as
not
to
exhaust
the
climbers.
The
memorial
hall
stands
73.33
meters
above
the
ground.
The
lintel
of
the
memorial
hall
is
inscribed
with
“nationalism,
democratic
rights
and
people?s livelihood” and a vertical
plaque is carved with 4 characters “Hao qi chang
cun ” meaning imperishable
noble
spirit.
All these words are written in
Dr
. Sun?s own hand.
In the
center of the memorial hall sits the Italian
white marble
statue of
Dr. Sun
Yatsen mounted on a pedestal carved in bas-relief
by a Polish sculptor about his
revolutionary
activities.
The
surrounding
walls
are
inscribed
with
the
national
constitution
written
by
Dr.
Sun
Yatsen.
Beyond the memorial
hall is the tomb vault.
Standing by the side of the pool, as
visitors look down, they
bow to see Dr.
Sun Yatsen?s reclining marble statue with his body
buried 5 meters underneath.
If one
looks up, he
will find the emblem of
the nationalist Party on the ceiling.
When on
e wraps up the homage
tour and steps down, he will not only enjoy a
bird?s eye view of beautiful Nanjing,
but also feel totally relived because
he does not see any more of those 392 steps, but
the platforms.
Not until then,
he will understand how great Dr. Sun
Yatsen is.
The
whole
mausoleum
is
an
architectural
complex
in
a
typical
and
traditional
Chinese
style,
and
the
layout
is
harmonious and rational.
All the buildings are roofed with
blue-glazed tiles.
With pine trees and
cypresses growing
around,
the
mausoleum
looks
magnificent
and
dignified.
Dr.
Sun?s
mausoleum
attracts
thousands
of
visitors?
everyday.
XiaoLing Tomb of The Ming
Dynasty
Xiaoling Tomb, or
the tomb of filial piety, built 600 years ago, is
the mausoleum of Zhu Yuan zhang , the founding
emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Lying at
the southern foot of the Purple Mountain ,the
tomb
complex is one of the
largest ancient mausoleums of the
emperors in china.
Zhu Yuanzhang began
to have his tomb built in 1381 when his wife
Empress Ma died. The empress was buried in
the
tomb
in
Emperor
Zhu
Yuanzhang
died
in
1398
and
was
buried
here
in
the
same
year.
But
the
construction of the mausoleum lasted 38
years or more till 1431 when ?the Stele if Sacred
Neruts and Virtues of
Great Ming?
Filial Tomb? was erected.
The mausoleum consists of two major
sections. The first section is from the Gateway of
Dismounting Horse to the
Lingxing Gate
at the end of Sacred Way(tomb avenue), of which
the approach is 1800 meters long. The second part
is the tomb itself. Historical records
indicate the mausoleum had a grand red wall, 22.5
kilometers long, enclosing
the whole
tomb area. The tomb compel was very large with
many splendid buildings. 100000 pines were planted
and 1000 deer rose in the park of
mausoleum. Unfortunately, this large group of
buildings was ruined by the wars in
the
late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the war in
which by the Qing Dynasty army. All the wooden
structures
were
destroyed.
However
we
can
still
see
the
exquisite
stone
carvings
from
the
stone
bases
and
imagine
how
magnificent it looked like 600 years
ago.
The
tomb
gate
known
as
grand
golden
gate
was
a traditional
architecture and
connected
with
the
red
wall.
The
gateway
of
Dismounting
Horse
locates
about
750
meters
south
from
here.
This
shows
the
absolute
dignity
of
Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang at
that time. To the east of the gateway, there are
two tablets: the holy
Mountain Tablet
and the Tablet of Mountain Forbidden
Regulations decreeing the entrance of the ordinary
people into the holy area
was to be
severely punished. The royal court dispatched
troops here to atand as guards at the mausoleum in
the
years. That is why the site has
been called Xiaolingwei meaning the Town of Filial
guard.
Northwards from the
great golden gate, a huge roofless stone tablet
pavilion can be seen ,it is the Square Castle, as
local people call it . Its top is gone
but the surrounding walls and four archways still
remain. In the middle of the
building
,there stands and 8.78 meters high stele called
:The Stele
of Sacred Merits and Virtues
of Great Ming?s Filial
Tomb. It was
built in 1413 by the third emperor ,Zhu yuanzhang
?s fourth son. The stele is inscribed altogether
with
2746 Chinese characters in praise
of the merits and virtues of Emperor Zhu yuanzhang
.
The sacred way is lined
on both sides with 12 pairs of giant stone animals
in 6 kinds. For each kind of the animals,
there are one pair standing and the
other kneeling. The standing pair is working and
the kneeling resting and they
are on
duty alternately. The real purpose of building
these animals is to demonstrate the royal
magnificence and the
emperor?s dignity,
to drive away evil spirits and guard the tomb. The
first 2 pairs of animals are lions, king of the
beasts symbolizing power. The second 2
pairs of animals are called Bixie, a unicorn-
shaped mythical animal, said to
e
clever
and
capable
of
distinguishing
between
good
and
evil.
The
following
pairs
of
animals
include
camels,
elephants,
Kylins
or
Chinese
unicorns
and
horses.
The
camel
is
known
as
boat
in
the
desert
and
symbol
of
prosperity. Each elephant
, which is the largest and heaviest sculpture,
weighs 80 tons and symbolizes peace. The
kylin represents good luck as well as
horse loyalty.
In ancient
times ,it was rather difficult to move these heavy
stone animals. The fact is that workers splashed
water
on the ground in cold winter, and
pushed the stone animals to the present locations
on the surface of frozen ice.
Two 6.25
meter-high stone pillars serve as alters for the
sacrificial offerings. Both the hexagonal pillars
are carved
with
the
patterns
of
clouds
and
dragons
arousing
visitors?
reverence
and
worship
to
the
emperor .
The
sacred
avenue makes a right
turn here just because the Plum Blossom Hill
stands in the way. The hill is the tomb for Sun
Quan , The first emperor of Eastern Wu
kingdom. It is said that when the tomb was
constructed, some ministers
suggested
that Sun Quan?s tomb should be moved away. But
Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang commented that Sun Quan
was a good fellow and should stay there
to be the concierge of his tomb. The Plum Blossom
hill now is popular
excursion site for
the local people in spring when the plum trees are
in full blossom.
Beyond
the
memorial
pillars
there
are
4
pairs
of
stone
WenZhongs,2
pairs
each
of
court
officials
and
warriors.
Legend has it that there was a giant
about 10meters tall of Qin Dynasty. The
warriors,3.26meters high, are in armor
with weapons in hands while court
officials are in court ceremonial robe with
writing board in hans to take notes of
the em
peror?s
edict.
Behind the statue,
there used to be a gate named Lingxing Gate. About
270 meters away from the gate is the stone
bridge spanning over a small stream,
yet it is called the Imperial Moat Bridge. The
bridge used to have 5 arches , but
was
renovated into 3 arches later in the Qing Dynasty.
The bridge foundation and stone dykes is the
original except
the rail.
About 200 meters north of the Imperial
Moat Bridge is the front gate to the tomb. This
area is the rear section of the
tomb.
The arch gate has 5 doorways, with yellow glazed
tiles, red walls and doors . The lintel of the
middle gate is
engraved with 3 Chinese
characters meaning ?Xiaoling Tomb of Ming
Dynasty?. Or “Ming?s Filial Tomb” given by the
emperor himself but Ming was added
actually la
ter in the Qing times. It
reflects the emperor?s idea to administer the
country with filial piety which is the
very instruction of Confucius, the most
influential Chinese philosopher. At the
right of the gate, there is a table
stone on which is inscribed w
ith ?The
Special Notice? written in 6 foreign languages
of Japanese, German, English, French,
Italian and Russian respectively to reaffirm the
attention to the protection of
the
filial tomb in the late Qing years.
Inside the gate is an entrance hall, of
which in the middle is ?the Stele of
administering the country well as the Tang
and Song dynasties?. The tablet stone
is engraved with the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi
when he was paying his
homage to the
entombed emperor during his third inspection tour
to the area in 1699.
Standing behind
the hall is the Filial Hall or Sacrificial hall
,which is one of the major buildings in the
mausoleum
employed to enshrine Emperor
Zhun Yuanzhang and his empress. But the original
was destroyed in the wars, and
the
present one was rebuilt and twice restored in the
Qing Dynasty.
The citadel
of Treasures is the last building on the ground,
16.25meters high, 75 meters wide and 31 meters in
depth.
Ascending a flight of 54 stone
stairs from an archway of the citadel is the tomb
proper covered by a large earthen
mound
400 meters in diameter. Under the mound rest the
emperor and his consorts , and as the records
testify, 50
or more concubines and
maids of honor were buried alive for company.
Their families were ensured holy titles, but
these young lives became the eternal
victims of feudal sacrifice system.
The
tomb
is
at
the
foot
of
Purple
Mountain.
It
has
not
been
excavated
because
of
the
technical
reasons
of
preservation.
Linggu Temple
Linggu Temple Park lies about one an
d
half kilometers to the east of Yatsen?s
Mausoleum. It was called
Jiangshan
Temple in ancient time and its original site was
in Dulongfu at the foot of the purple Mountain.
However, in
the early days of the Ming
Dynast(1368-1644),Emperor Zhun Yuanzhang chose
that place to build his tomb, thus the
temple had to be moved and rebuilt at
the present site and was renamed as the Linggu
Temple with an inscription
“The Fist
Buddhist Forest” at the entrance there is a
secluded footpath with thousands of
pine
trees, verdant and
luxuriant , so it is called the “Valley
of Spirit Deep in Pines”. It is one of the 48
attractions in Nanjing . Main
attractio
ns
in the park
include Linggu Temple , the gateway of officers
and men killed in action, Beamless hall, Pine and
Wind
Pavilion, Linggu Pagoda, Monk
Baogong Pagoda and Table of three Great Artists,
etc.
The
first
major
attraction
is
the
gate
way
of
officials
and
men
killed
in
action.
In
November
1928,
when
Chiang
Kaishek?s Kuomintang government made a
decision to
turn the Linggu temple into
a cemetery of officials and men
killed
in battles, the original entrance to the temple
was rebuilt into a three-arch gateway for the dead
officials and
men. The gateway has 5
principle columns made of concrete cement. The
gate has its foundation inlaid with granite
on surface and roofed by
blue-
glazed tile. The lintel of the
middle door is carved with 4 Chinese characters
“great
Justice and Virtue” in front
face and “Salvation of the Nation and People” on
the back. The side linte
ls of the gate
are
decorated with the emblems of the
KMT party.
Inside the park
there is the Beamless Hall built in 1381 in the
Ming dynast. The hall,53.8 meters long, 37.85
meters
wide and 22meters high, was
built entirely of bricks and stones from top to
bottom without a piece of wood, hence
the
name.
There
are
nine
overlapping
ridges
and
three
pagodas
decorating
the
top
reges.
In
terms
of
size,
the
Beamless Hall stands
first and foremost of its kind in china. It was
built more than 200 years earlier than the other
same
kind
Hall
in
other
Ares.
No
wonder
it
is
considered
a
masterpiece
of
Chinese
stone-brick
buildings.
The
difficulty involved in its construction
and the complexity of techniques adopted testify
the wisdom of the architects of
that
time in china.
In
1928,
the
KMT
government
turned
the
hall
into
a
sacrificial
memorial
hall
to
hold
memorial
ceremony
for
the
martyrs, and a stand in the main lobby
of the hall for worshipping the Boundless
Longevity Buddha was turned into
sacrificial platform.
The
middle of the three tablets on the hall is
engraved with characters reading “The Bier of the
National Revolutionary
Martyrs”.
Dying Words of
the State father” inscribed on the right and
national anthem of the
Republic of
china on left. The names of 33000 officials and
men died in the North Expedition War against
Warlords
and the War of Resistance
against Japan are carved on the black marble
tablets inlaid in the walls. All these remain
intact as they were in the 1930s.
An
irregular
and
zigzag
enclosure
wall
is
built
between
the
Beamless
Hall
and
the
Pine
and
Wind
Pavilion,
symbolizing the rim of KMT Blussky and
Daylight Flag. A tree planted in the middle of a
circle symbolizes the Sun
with brick
made halo .1 cemetery is in between the two
sacrificial pillars standing near the hall. The
other
two cemeteries locate on both
west and east of the Beamless Hall. The whole
design seems that the cemetery is
under
the blue-sky and Day bright Flag.
The
Pine and Wind Pavilion was built in 1929, as the
memorial hall of the officials and men killed in
the action with
the
things
left
behind
by
the
martyrs.
The
pavilion
was
damaged
in
the
war
of
Resistance
against
Japan
and
restored after 1949. The present name
Pine and wind Pavilion was given after its
restoration. Beyond the Pavilion is
and
ancient two-
layered tripod , on which
is inscribed 4 characters “Engraved Tripod for
Memory of Merits”
Linggu Pagoda was built in 1933 as a
memorial pagoda for the officials and men killed
in wars. The nine storeyed
octagonal,
is over sixty-meter-high, with a corridor
encircled by stone rails on each story. The pagoda
was designed
by the famous architects
Mao Fei and Dong Dayou . 3 characters
“Linggupagoda” are inscribed on the lintel of the
front door and “where there is a will
there?s a way” on the lintel of the back door. On
the exterior wall there are 4
characters “Faithful Dedication to the
Service of the nation” which is the handwriting of
Chiang Kaishek. Inside the
pagoda a
spiral staircase of 252 steps winds to the top
through the nine stories. The inner walls from the
second
floor
to
the
forth
are
inlaid
with
Dr.
Sun?s
farewell
speech
made
in Whangpoa
Military
Academy
on
November
30,1924 just before the starting of the
North Expedition War. The inner walls from fifth
to the eighth are inlaid with Dr.
Sun?s
opening speech for Whangpoa Military Academy made
on June 16,1924. When one gets to the top story
and
gazes into the distance, one can
get panoramic view of the entire area with
fantastic scenery.
In the bushes
w
est of Pine and Pavilion there lays a
tomb pagoda “Baogong Pagoda” named after the
eminent Monk
Baozhi of the southern
Dynasties.
The
Linggu
Temple
was
relocated
to
the
present
site
in
the
Ming
dynasty
and
Linggu
Buddhist
Monastery
by
Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang.
The present temple is much small than it used to
be .In the temple there is the Treasure
Hall of the Great Sage. In the east of
the hall , there is a chamber , which used to be
called the Goddess of mercy
Hall. But
it is turned to be memorial hall of Master Xuan
zang, who went on a pilgrimage to India in the 7th
century
and brought back with him large
quantities of Buddhist sutras. Then he devoted to
the translation of these sutras and
greatly enriched the Chinese Buddhist
culture in the Tang Dynasty.
City wall of Ming Dynasty
The building of the wall
began in 1366, ordered by Zhu Yuanzhang who
adopted the suggestion of “building the high
wall” by one of his staff and founded
the Ming Dynasty two years later. More than 200000
people were employed on
the project and
many of them died before the wall was completed in
1386.
The
wall
was
33.678
kilometers
in
circumference
and
14.21
meters
high
on
average.
The
base
of
the
wall
is
14meters
wide and the top of the wall is 7meters wide. It
was the longest city wall in the world and the
city enclosed