-
英语语言学教程答案
【篇一：新编简明英语语言学教程第一次作业及答案】
ass=txt>i. decide whether each of the
following statements is
true or
false.
1. linguistics is
generally defined as the scientific study of
language. ( t )
2. linguistics studies particular
language, not language in
general. ( f
)
3. a scientific study of
language is based on what the linguist
thinks. (f)
4.
in the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed
should be
based on language facts and
checked against the observed
facts. (
t )
5. general linguistics
is generally the study of language as a
whole. ( t )
6.
general linguistics, which relates itself to the
research of
other areas, studies the
basic concepts, theories, descriptions,
models and methods applicable in any
linguistics study. ( f )
7. modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but
sometimes
descriptive. ( f
)
8. modern linguistics is
different from traditional grammar.
(
t )
9. a diachronic study
of language is the description of
language at some point in
time.
( f )
10. the distinction between competence
and performance was
proposed by
saussure. ( f )
ii. fill
in each of the following blanks with one word
which
begins with the letter
given.
1.
chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s
knowledge______ of the rules of his
language.
2. langue refers
to the abstract_______ linguistic system
shared by all the members of a speech
community while the
parole is the
concrete use of the conventions and application
of the rules.
3.
duality______ is one of the desing features of
human
language which refers to the
phenomenon that language
consists of
two levels: a lower level of meaningless
individual
sounds and a higher level of
meaningful units.
4.
language is a system of arbitrary_________vocal
symbols
used for human
communication.
5.
parole____ refers to the realization of langue in
actual use.
6. findings in
linguistic studies can often be applied to the
settlement of some practical problems.
the study of such
application is
generally known as applied_____
linguistics.
7. language is
productive________ in that it makes possible
the construction and interpretation of
new signals by its users.
in other
words, they can produce and understand an
infinitely
large number of sentences
which they have never heard before.
8. linguistics is generally defined as
the scientific______ study
of
languge.
9. if a linguistic
study describes and analyzes the language
people actually use, it is said to be
descriptive_______.
10.
modern linguistics regards the written language as
secondary_______.
iii. there are four choices following
each statement. mark the
choice that
can best complete the statement.
d1. which of the following is not a
design feature of human
language?
d2. in
modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more
basic
than writing,
because______.
a. in
linguistic evolution, speech is prior to
writing
b. speech plays a
greater role than writing in terms of the
amount of information
conveyed
c. speech is
always the way in which every native speaker
acquires his mother tongue
d. all of the above.
b3. a historical study of language is
a ________ study of
language.
a.
synchronic b. diachronicc. prescriptive d.
comparative
a4. sausure
took a(n) ________ view of language, while
chomsky looks at language from a ______
point of view.
a.
sociological, psychological
b. psychological, sociological
c. applied, pragmatic
d. semantic, linguistic
c5. according to saussure, ______
refers to the abstract
linguistic
system shared by all the members of a speech
community.
a.
parole b. performance c. langue d.
language
b6. language is
said to be arbitrary because there is no logical
connection between _______ and
meaning.
a. sense b. sounds
c. objects d. ideas
a7.
language can be used to refer to contexts removed
from
the immediate situations of the
speaker. this feature is
called_______.
a. displacement b. dualityc. flexibility d.
cultural transmission
d8. the details
of any language system is passed on from one
generation to the next through
_______rather than by instinct.
a. learning b. teaching c. books d.
both a and b
c9. which of
the following words is not motivated?
a. bang b. blackboard c. pen d.
meow
d10. what
is the function of the sentence: “hi! how are you
this
moring?”
a.
emotive function b. conative function
c. poetic functiond. phatic
function
iv. terms
explanation
1.
linguistics
linguistics is
generally defined as the scientific study of
language.
2.
language
language is a
system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for
human communication
3. arbitrariness
arbitrariness means that there is no
logical connection
between meanings
and
sounds.
4. productivity
language is productive or creative in that it
makes possible
the construction and
interpretation of new signals by its
users.
5.
displacement
language can
be used to refer to things which are present or
not present, real or imagined matters
in the past, present, or
future, or in
far away places. in other words, language can be
used to refer to contexts removed from
the immediate
situations of the
speaker.
6.
langue
langue refers to the
abstract linguistic system shared by all
the members of a speech
community.
7.
parole
parole refers to the
realization of langue in actual use.
8. competence
chomsky defines competence as the ideal
user’s knowledge
of the rules of his
language.
9.
performance
chomsky defines
performance as the actual realization of this
knowledge in linguistic
communication.
10.
duality
language is a
system, which consists of two sets of structures,
or two levels.
v. short answer questions
1. what are the design features of human language?
illustrate
them with
examples.
2. how is modern
linguistics different from traditional
grammar?
3. how
do you understand the distinction between a
synchronic study and a diachronic
study?
4. what are the
major distinction between langue and
parole?
5. how do you
understand competence and performance?
6. saussure’s distinction
between langue and parole seems
similar
to chomsky’s distinction between competence and
performance. what do you think are
their major differences?
7.
do you think human language is entirely arbitrary?
why?
8. what are the main
functions of language according to
jacobson’s framework?
9. explains the three
macrofunctions of language in holliday’s
system.
10. what
are the major branches of linguistics? what does
each of them study?
【篇二：《新编简明英语语言学教程》第二版
课后习题
答案
chapter
7
】
>
1. the vocabulary of english consists of native
and also
thousands of borrowed words.
look up the following words in
a
dictionary which provides the etymologies
(history) of words.
in each case
speculate as to how the particular word came to
be borrowed from a particular
language.a. size b. skillc. royal
d. ranche. robot f. potato
g. astronauth. emeraldi.
pagoda
j. khakik.
bulldoze1. hoodlum
答：
a. size ( old
french)
b. skill ( old
norse)
c. royal ( old
french latin)
d. ranch (
spanish french)
e. robot (
czech old church slavonic)
f. potato ( spanish taino)
g. astronaut ( french)
h.
emerald ( middle english old french)
i. pagoda ( persian
sanskrit)
j. khaki ( hindi
persian)
k. bulldoze (
bull(botany bay slang) old english)
l. hoodlum ( german)
2. the encyclopedia britannica
yearbook has usually
published a new
word list, which is, in the britannica’s editors
view, a list of those words that had
entered the language
during the year.
would you expect a yearbook to publish a
“lost
-
word list”
recording the words dropped from the
language during the year? defend your
answer.
答：
(
略
)
3. below is a passage from
shakespeares hamlet,
king:
where is pelonius?
hamlet:
in heaven, send thither to see.
if your messenger find him not there,
seek him i the
other place
yourself. but indeed, if you find him
not
within this month, you
shall nose him as you go up the
stairs into the lobby.
act iv, scene iii
study these lines and identify every
difference in expression
between
elizabethan and modern english that is
evident.
答：
in modern english, these
lines are more likely written as:
king: where is pelonius?
hamlet: in heaven, send to see there.
if your messenger
cannot find him
there, yourself seek him at the other place. but
indeed, if you cannot find him within
this month, you shall
notice him as you
go up the stairs into the lobby.