上海行知中学高一下英语选词填空专练

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专项训练

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词汇

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(A)

A German entrepreneur named Lasse Rheingans has become a subject of attention since

The

Wall

Street

Journal

recently

reported

on

a

novel

idea

he

has

put

in

place

at

his

16

-

person

technology

start

-

up:

a

five

-

hour

workday.

They

arrive

at

8

a.m.

and

leave

at

1

p.m.,

at

which

__1__ they’re not expected to work until the next morning.

This __2__ between time in the office and time spent working is critical. In our current age of

email and smartphones, work has

pervaded

(

渗透

) more and more of our waking hours, making

the idea of a(n) __3__ workday seem

quaint

(

古怪的

). We’re driven to these extremes by some

__4__ sense that all of this crazy communicating will make us more productive.

Mr. Rheingans is betting that we have this wrong. His experiment is based on the idea that

once you remove time

-

wasting distractions and

constrain

(

约束

) __5__ conversation about your

work, five hours should be sufficient to accomplish most of the core activities.

To __6__ this new approach, he has employees leave their phones in their bags at the office

and

blocks

access

to

social

media

on

the

company

network.

Strict

rules

reduce

time

spent

in

meetings. Perhaps most important, his employees now check work email only twice each day.

The

Wall

Street

Journal

described

it

as

“

radical

(

激进的

).”

However,

many

people

are

heartened to see Mr. Rheingans’s idea of short workday and, as was reported this week, Microsoft

Japan’s __7__ with a four

-

day week during the summer. It’s not yet clear that these innovations

are

exactly

the

right

way

to

run

technology

companies,

or

whether

they

can

__8__

to

other

business contexts. But what is right in this case is the __9__ mind

-

set that led to these experiments

in the first place. If like many digital knowledge workers, you’re exhausted by endless work and

flooded inboxes, the good news is that better and more sustainable ways of producing valuable

__10__ with your brain might be coming — if we can find enough visionaries willing to try out

“radical” new ideas about how best to get things done.

1

A. distinction

E. point

I. vague

B. inefficient

F

. contact

J. support

C. transfer

G. fixed

D. output

H. experiment

K. exploratory

(B)

A. dawn

B. charged

C. cast

D. vision

E. discouraged

F

. centered

G. historical

K. instant

H. witnessed

I. trusted

J. force

Contemporary worries about the impact of technology are part of a historical pattern.

Faster, cheaper, better — technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a __1__ of a

brighter future. But as the 2020s __2__, optimism is in short supply. The new technologies that

dominated the past decade seem to be making things worse. Social media were supposed to bring

people together. In the Arab Spring of 2011 they were

hailed

(

赞扬

) as a liberating __3__. Today

they are better known for invading privacy and undermining democracy. E

-

commerce, ride

-

hailing

and

the

gig

economy

may

be

convenient,

but

they

are

__4__

with

underpaying

workers

and

crowding the streets with vehicles. Parents worry that smartphones have turned their children into

screen

-

addicted zombies.

The technologies expected to dominate the new decade also seem to __5__ a dark shadow.

Artificial intelligence (AI) may well

entrench

(

使根深蒂固

) bias and prejudice, threaten your job

and shore up authoritarian rulers. 5G is at the heart of the Sino

-

American trade war. Autonomous

cars still do not work, but manage to kill people all the same. Polls show that internet firms are

now

less

__6__

than

the

banking

industry.

At

the

very

moment

banks

are

striving

to

rebrand

2

themselves as tech firms, and internet giants have become the new banks.

Today’s

gloomy

(

忧郁的

) mood is __7__ on smartphones and social media, which took off a

decade ago. Yet concerns that humanity has taken a technological wrong turn, or that particular

technologies

might

be

doing

more

harm

than

good,

have

arisen

before.

In

the

1970s

the

despondency

(

沮丧

) was prompted by concerns about overpopulation and environmental damage.

The

1920s

__8__

a

backlash

(

强烈抵制

)

against

cars,

which

had

earlier

been

seen

as

a

good

answer to the pain of horse

-

drawn vehicles.

In

each

of

these

__9__

cases

disappointment

arose

from

a

mix

of

unrealized

hopes

and

unforeseen consequences. However, the pessimism can be overdone. Too often people focus on

the

drawbacks

of

a

new

technology

while

taking

its

benefits

for

granted.

Worries

about

screen

time should be weighed against the much greater benefits of convenient communication and the

__10__ access to information and entertainment that smartphones make possible.

(C)

Climate

protests

drew

millions

around

the

world

in

September.

Many

of

the

Democratic

3

A. prevented

E. ignore

I. extend

B. stubbornly

F

. fortunately

J. solution

C. banning

G. overlooked

K. bowing

D. attention

H. track

presidential candidates have rolled out ambitious plans to cut carbon while making the economy

greener. And yet a leading cause of climate change remains persistently __1__: clothing.

The

clothing

and

footwear

industry

is

responsible

for

8

percent

of

global

greenhouse

gas

emissions.

Without

intervention

(

干预

),

the

industry’s

impact

on

the

climate

is

on

__2__

to

increase by almost half by 2030.

Clothes are easy to __3__ because they are made far away and have throughout history been

made by low

-

paid laborers. But clothing affects every other environmental problem we care about.

A cotton T

-

shirt requires thousands of gallons of water to make. And when the polyester or nylon

clothes get washed, they junk up our oceans with microplastic pollution.

But __4__, some clothing companies are waking up to the climate crisis. A growing number

of brands are __5__ to grass

-

roots pressure and consumer surveys that show that sustainability and

ethics are top concerns for young shoppers.

But fashion can’t go green by itself. It won’t even make a

dent

(

凹痕

) in the problem without

international cooperation and mainstream __6__.

The clothing industry, like most industries, is also __7__ reliant on fossil fuels. They’re used

to fire up boilers in textile mills, to make the pesticides dumped onto cotton fields and to produce

the gobs of chemicals that dye and finish fabrics. Getting clothing off oil will not be easy.

Consumers

have

an

important

part

to

play

in

making

fashion

sustainable.

We

can

work

to

__8__ the life of all clothes by switching more of our purchases to secondhand and online resale,

renting for special occasions, and repairing clothes instead of throwing them away.

We need activists, journalists, scientists and academics who focus on sustainability to include

clothing in their work. And we need government action and innovative policy that addresses the

global impact of the stuff we buy. For example, France has passed a bill __9__ the destruction of

unsold clothing.

But first we need all people who care about climate change to understand that they’re part of

the problem and the __10__, just by wearing clothes.

4