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介词

作者:高考题库网
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2021-02-13 04:17
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2021年2月13日发(作者:genocide)


介词



【考纲解读】



介词主要考查近义词的用法区别、介词的特定含义、介词和连词易混淆的项目、介词


的固定用法等,在全国各地高考试题中,都涉及到介词的考查,不仅在单项填空中进行考


查,在短文改错题中,对于介词的有无、介词与其他词的固定搭配的考查尤为频繁。介词


的用法非常普遍,


它关系到句子的上下衔接,


所以以后的高考题介词仍然是一个考查热点。



介词是英语中 比较活跃的词,中学阶段所学的介词有


40


多个。它与名词、形 容词、


副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活,意义丰富。预测今后高考介词的考查将以介词 的固定


短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时,应重点掌握介词的基本用法,同时注意总结 其与名


词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。



【知识要点】



介词不能独立在句 中做成份,介词必须与


_____,_____,_____


构 成介词短语在句中充当一个


成份


.


一,介词可按构成分为:



1


,简单介词,即一个介词


:


at


over


above


on


along


around


about


for


against


among


between


before


after


behind


down


since


in


off


onto


into


across


through


throughout


with


without


within


beyond


by


near


nearby


inside


outside


from


towards


below


except


2.


双重介词,由两个简单介词组成:



from behind the house ___________







from beyond the mountain_________


from among you___________











from under the tree_____________


until after midnight________________


3.


短语介词,


由一个或几个简单介词和一个或几个其他词类组合构成的介词。


在意义和作


用上相当于一个简单介词:




according to


at the back of


in place of


at the top of



because of



due to


regardless of


by means of


by way of


along with


instead of


in front of


thanks to


owing to


in spite of


on behalf of



with regard to


in regard to


(1). What idea can a man who is blind from birth have _______ color?


A. of





B. with





C. for





D. to


(2). A successful brand is ____ a company what eyes are to a person.


A. for





B. to







C. in







D. with


(3). It



s quite ____ me why such things have been allowed to happen.



A. for






B. behind







C. against






D. beyond


(4). I can not concentrate ____my work ___ the noise aloud outside.


A. on; with






B. in; for





C. on; because





D. with; with


(5). ____ your advice, I would have made a big mistake.


A. regardless of







B. apart from






C. except for






D. but for


二,介词可按意义分成



方位介词:















(6). The sunlight came in _________


(穿过)


the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.


(7). The bicycle is _________ (


不能


) repair


(8). He hit the head _____ (


撞在


) the wall and hurt himself.


(9).


The


Great


Wall


winds


its


way


from


west


to


east,


______deserts,


_______


mountains,


________ valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.


(10). The sun is _______ the mountain in the east


(11). Be careful, there is a heavy box _____ your head.


2.


表示地理位置的


in, on, to




in


表示在某范围


_____



on


表示毗邻,接壤,


to


表示在某范围


____




(12). Japan is/lies _____ the east of China.


(13). Beijing lies _____ the north of China.


3. between, among.





中间

< p>
/


之间





一般说来,


between


表示两者之间,


among


用于三者


或三者以上的之间,在



内部,其所在范围内的人或事物通常视 为一个整体



(14). The town lies _____ the mountains.


(15). The secret is only ______ you and me.


(16). He divided his money ______ John, Helen and his nephew.


(17). Switzerland lies _______ France, Germany, Austria and Italy.


4. in, on.


均可表示“在



上”< /p>


,描写两个物体的接触情况



on


只表示在某物的表面上,而用


in


表示占去某 物一部分。




(18). We found a square hole ____ the wall


on


侧重于表面接触,



in

侧重于接触的深度。


英语中的某些习惯表达方法,


常用


in



on



若打击某人的脸眼嘴胸腹等部位用


in


;< /p>


而打击头额鼻耳颈肩腿等部位用


on


。< /p>


表示植物本身


生长出来的用


on the tree,


表示植物本身之外的人或动物在树上,用


in the tree,


指被枝叶遮


掩其中。



(19). There is a map of the world_____ the wall


(20). Birds are singing ______ the tree.


5. from, out of


from




…”


,


侧重起点。


out of “




里出来



,


侧重从里向外。



(21). The young student is _____ Tibet



(22). When listening to the news, a man rushed ______ the room.


6. off, away


均表示离开。


from

< br>指从某个起点离开或行动从某个起点开始;


off


指离开 或脱离某物



(23). A button came ____ my shirt.


(24). The runners shot ____the starting points


时间介词



1



at, in, on




At


表示时间点,时刻,也可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子



In


表示在较长的一段时间内



On


表示具体的日子,特定的时间,或表示特定的早晨,下午,晚上



_____ six o



clock






______ midnight






______ Christmas


______ the 1980s





______ October the first





_____ a rainy day


_____the morning






_____ Sunday morning




____ the beginning of March


____ Children



s Day





___ next year






____ this night


2



since, for, from


for


+


时间段,表示“ 延续



之久”



since+


时间点,表示“自从



以来”


,即表示从过去某


时延续至今,常与延续性动词的现在完 成时连用,


from+


时间点,表示“从




,


即表示行

为或状态的起始点。



(25)._______ then on she knew she would win


(26). I lost my money and I have been worried ever ______ then.


(27). The meeting lasted _____ 3 hours yesterday.


3



in, after




In

< br>表时间,


常表示“在



时间之内 ”



也表示


“在



时间之后”


,但此时必须具备两个条件:

< br>1



所修饰的动词必须表将来;


2



后面必须是一段时间。


这两个条件 缺一不可,


否则用


after



later


(28). It will be finished ________an hour


(29). He returned _________ a few days


(30). They finished their lessons at four and a little while _____they went out to take a walk


工具,手段,方式等其他类介词



1



with, by, in


均意为


“用”



w ith


多指用具体的工具或身体器官,


in

< br>指使用语言,


原料,


材料,


by


指用



方法


/


方式


. ___ this/that way, ___means of, _____ this/that method


(31). This form is to be filled ___ ink


(32). He made a living ____ selling newspapers

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