-
介词
【考纲解读】
介词主要考查近义词的用法区别、介词的特定含义、介词和连词易混淆的项目、介词
p>
的固定用法等,在全国各地高考试题中,都涉及到介词的考查,不仅在单项填空中进行考
p>
查,在短文改错题中,对于介词的有无、介词与其他词的固定搭配的考查尤为频繁。介词
p>
的用法非常普遍,
它关系到句子的上下衔接,
所以以后的高考题介词仍然是一个考查热点。
介词是英语中
比较活跃的词,中学阶段所学的介词有
40
多个。它与名词、形
容词、
副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活,意义丰富。预测今后高考介词的考查将以介词
的固定
短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时,应重点掌握介词的基本用法,同时注意总结
其与名
词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
【知识要点】
介词不能独立在句
中做成份,介词必须与
_____,_____,_____
构
成介词短语在句中充当一个
成份
.
一,介词可按构成分为:
1
,简单介词,即一个介词
:
at
over
above
on
along
around
about
for
against
among
between
before
after
behind
down
since
in
off
onto
into
across
through
throughout
with
without
within
beyond
by
near
nearby
inside
outside
from
towards
below
except
2.
双重介词,由两个简单介词组成:
from behind the house ___________
from beyond the
mountain_________
from among
you___________
from under the
tree_____________
until after
midnight________________
3.
短语介词,
由一个或几个简单介词和一个或几个其他词类组合构成的介词。
在意义和作
用上相当于一个简单介词:
according to
at
the back of
in place of
at
the top of
because of
due to
regardless of
by means of
by way of
along with
instead of
in front of
thanks to
owing to
in spite of
on behalf of
with regard to
in regard to
(1). What idea
can a man who is blind from birth have _______
color?
A. of
B. with
C. for
D.
to
(2). A successful brand is ____ a
company what eyes are to a person.
A.
for
B. to
C.
in
D. with
(3).
It
’
s quite ____ me why such
things have been allowed to happen.
A. for
B. behind
C. against
D.
beyond
(4). I can not concentrate
____my work ___ the noise aloud outside.
A. on; with
B. in; for
C.
on; because
D. with; with
(5). ____ your
advice, I would have made a big mistake.
A. regardless of
B. apart from
C. except for
D. but for
二,介词可按意义分成
方位介词:
(6). The sunlight came in _________
(穿过)
the windows in the roof
and lit up the whole room.
(7). The
bicycle is _________ (
不能
)
repair
(8). He hit the head _____
(
撞在
) the wall and hurt
himself.
(9).
The
Great
Wall
winds
its
way
from
west
to
east,
______deserts,
_______
mountains,
________ valleys,
till at last it reaches the sea.
(10).
The sun is _______ the mountain in the east
(11). Be careful, there is a heavy box
_____ your head.
2.
表示地理位置的
in, on,
to
:
in
表示在某范围
_____
,
on
表示毗邻,接壤,
to
表示在某范围
____
。
(12). Japan is/lies _____ the east of
China.
(13). Beijing lies _____ the
north of China.
3. between, among.
“
在
…
中间
/
之间
”
。
一般说来,
between
表示两者之间,
among
用于三者
或三者以上的之间,在
…
内部,其所在范围内的人或事物通常视
为一个整体
(14). The town lies
_____ the mountains.
(15). The secret
is only ______ you and me.
(16). He
divided his money ______ John, Helen and his
nephew.
(17). Switzerland lies _______
France, Germany, Austria and Italy.
4.
in, on.
均可表示“在
…
上”<
/p>
,描写两个物体的接触情况
on
只表示在某物的表面上,而用
in
表示占去某
物一部分。
(18). We
found a square hole ____ the wall
on
侧重于表面接触,
而
in
侧重于接触的深度。
英语中的某些习惯表达方法,
常用
p>
in
或
on
。
p>
若打击某人的脸眼嘴胸腹等部位用
in
;<
/p>
而打击头额鼻耳颈肩腿等部位用
on
。<
/p>
表示植物本身
生长出来的用
on the
tree,
表示植物本身之外的人或动物在树上,用
in
the
tree,
指被枝叶遮
掩其中。
(19). There is a map of the world_____
the wall
(20). Birds are singing ______
the tree.
5. from, out of
from
“
从
…”
,
侧重起点。
out of “
从
…
里出来
”
,
侧重从里向外。
(21). The young student is _____ Tibet
(22). When listening to the
news, a man rushed ______ the room.
6.
off, away
均表示离开。
from
< br>指从某个起点离开或行动从某个起点开始;
off
指离开
或脱离某物
(23). A button came
____ my shirt.
(24). The runners shot
____the starting points
时间介词
1
、
at, in,
on
:
At
表示时间点,时刻,也可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子
In
表示在较长的一段时间内
p>
On
表示具体的日子,特定的时间,或表示特定的早晨,下午,晚上
_____ six
o
’
clock
______ midnight
______
Christmas
______ the 1980s
______ October
the first
_____ a rainy day
_____the
morning
_____ Sunday morning
____ the
beginning of March
____
Children
’
s Day
___ next year
____ this night
2
、
since, for,
from
for
+
时间段,表示“
延续
…
之久”
,
since+
时间点,表示“自从
…
以来”
,即表示从过去某
时延续至今,常与延续性动词的现在完
成时连用,
from+
时间点,表示“从
…
”
,
即表示行
为或状态的起始点。
(25)._______
then on she knew she would win
(26). I
lost my money and I have been worried ever ______
then.
(27). The meeting lasted _____ 3
hours yesterday.
3
、
in,
after
:
In
< br>表时间,
常表示“在
…
时间之内
”
,
也表示
“在
…
时间之后”
,但此时必须具备两个条件:
< br>1
,
所修饰的动词必须表将来;
2
,
后面必须是一段时间。
这两个条件
缺一不可,
否则用
after
或
later
(28). It will be finished
________an hour
(29). He returned
_________ a few days
(30). They
finished their lessons at four and a little while
_____they went out to take a walk
工具,手段,方式等其他类介词
1
,
with, by, in
p>
均意为
“用”
,
w
ith
多指用具体的工具或身体器官,
in
< br>指使用语言,
原料,
材料,
by
指用
…
方法
/
方式
. ___ this/that way,
___means of, _____ this/that method
(31). This form is to be filled ___ ink
(32). He made a living ____ selling
newspapers