-
?
?
?
?
?
满城皆是世界遗产的伊斯坦布尔，
意为
“
伊斯兰教的城市
”
。
/question/
土耳其历史
Bosphorus
river, topkapi palace, diverse architecture, grand
bazaar, blue mosque
Amzing sights
Is characterized not only by being one
of the largest worship buildings in the world, but
also by-in its 1500 years history-
having served three purposes: as a
church, as a mosque and as a museum.
?
It
’
s a great
monument. One of the best historical sites in the
world with its fantastic history.
?
For 1000 years,
it was the largest church in the world.
?
The main dome
was unfortunately under construction=
Renovating works everywhere = There are
restoration
works ongoing and
scaffolding may be in certain places.
?
Mosaics
马赛克
（
It's such a pity that many
of them were disfigured because when the Ottomans
turned the church
into a mosque, they
disfigured these mosaics.
）
?
The history of
the building is fascinating and the impact it had
on the architecture of Mosques was unexpected.
Seeing both the
influence of
Christianity and Islam in one place is unusual. It
has a cost associated with it but well worth the
cost. It is usually busy
but inside it
is so massive that once you get inside the crowds
don't really impact you.
?
Despite
becoming a museum, both the Islamic and the
preexisting Christian aspects were preserved. It
is truly a melting pot for two
different religions. The ceiling is
Majestic due to the nice drawings and the giant
Chandeliers that are hanging from it.
?
Impression of
Istanbul
（
CCTV
）
We start in Istanbul, the only city in
the world with a foot in two different continents.
It's been an extremely
significant city
throughout history, and today.
Heavy
traffic, the continual bustle and movement of
crowds, the beautiful seaside and an unchanging
skyline
of numerous domes and minarets
for thousands of years, that is Istanbul.
Standing between Asia and Europe,
Istanbul is Turkey's largest city, and the hub of
the country's business
and cultural
life.
Situated on the shores of the
Bosphorus Strait, and bordered to the north by the
Black Sea, Istanbul's
strategic
position made it the capital of the Roman,
Byzantine and Ottoman empires. And today, the
precious
relics of those past glorious
days give this forward-moving and modern city a
strong sense of historical
significance. And it's also a mirror of
Turkey.
Mehmet Olcel, culture and
Information Counselor of Turkish Embassy to China,
said:
where you can observe all of
Turkey.
With a landscape dotted with
more than 2,800 mosques within the city, some 98
percent of Turkey's people
believe in
Islam. And in this seaside city, the tolerant
atmosphere allows people to go about their lives
with
ease... Religious beliefs are
respected, as are individual rights.
Tour Guide Umut Seferoglu said:
I swim... Islamic life and modern life
mixed together...
This is a normal
Friday. At this mosque built during the 18th-
century, men from different corners of the city
gather here to pray, facing in the
direction of Mecca. For many Turkish Muslims,
praying five times a day is
a part of
their standard routine. Twenty minutes later,
prayers have ended. Everyone goes back to their
normal lives, and the bustling market
nearby breaks the silence.
Reporter
Feng Shu said:
become an commercial
center between the two continents. Originally
built in 15th century
with only 15-20
shops, this Grand Bazaar has become a real
shopping heaven with 4,400
shops. Well,
of course, my favorite place in
Turkey.
Shopping in Istanbul is a time-
honored delight. In the labyrinth of 65 streets
and passages
in this Kapali Carsi-
covered bazaar, a plethora of goods are available,
enough to suit nearly
every taste.
There's a wide selection of jewelry, from
traditional to modern styles, while
the
carpet shops display eye-catching wares with vivid
colors and intricate designs. At the
same time, Turkish arts and crafts,
including hand-painted ceramic plates and
hand-crafted copperware, are all
popular choices for souvenirs and gifts.
And for sellers, getting a space this
bazaar means steady and booming business.
A seller said:
A tour guide
said:
With Istanbul an important
commercial city, the Grand Bazaar is not the only
option for
shoppers... Another
attractive, covered bazaar of a different sort is
the Misir Carsisi, or the
Spice Market,
located at the entrance of Golden Horn. At this
market, built in the
17th-century, the
air is filled with the enticing aromas of
cinnamon, caraway, mint and
countless
other spices and herbs.
Despite the
different choices, the two bazaars share something
in common -- most of the
dealers are
international. English, Japanese, and even Chinese
and more are at their
command. For
travellers without any knowledge of the Turkish
language, it's a good place
to find
yourself.
Geographically, Istanbul is
flanked by a range of high hills to the east to
the Bosphorus
Strait.
Because of this unique location, most
of Istanbul's streets are on sharp slopes. They're
so
steep, you have to be careful not to
fall down when climbing up.
Any trip to
Istanbul isn't complete without a ferry excursion
along the Bosphorus Strait. Along its shores is a
delightfully surprising mixture of the
past and present, grand splendor and simple
beauty, with imperial
pavilions and
palaces standing next to today's small fishing
villages.
The Bosphorus Bridge was
built in 1973. It's still one of the longest
bridges in the world, and spans the water,
linking European and Asian shores by
road.
Under the bridge, the once-quiet
village of Ortakoy, has been turned into an art
gallery, a shopping
destination and a
bar street, a favorite place for entertainment for
both tourists and locals.
?
Church of Hagia
Sophia
圣索菲亚大教堂，
学名是阿亚
< br>索菲亚
博物馆
(Ayasofya Muzesi)
，
是国家博物馆，
它具有曲折
的历史，目睹了王朝兴衰，也反映了宗教的博弈、变迁和融合，所谓
“
东方与西方，过去与未来相结合
”
；它还占<
/p>
据了几个
“
唯一
”
：唯一从
6
世纪保留至今的古代建筑
、唯一一个由教堂改成清真寺的古建筑，又是世界上十大令
人向往的教堂之一
圣索菲亚在基督教里的意思是
“
上帝智慧
”
，公元
325
年，君士坦丁大帝为供奉智慧之神索非亚，建造了
圣索菲亚大教堂，
成为拜占廷（
Byzantine
）
帝
国极盛时代的纪念碑。公元
532
年，圣索菲亚大教堂毁于
一场暴乱。公元
537
年，查士丁尼皇帝为
标榜自己的文治武功，决定进行重建，重建后的圣索菲亚大教
堂更加辉煌，更加威严，不
仅用作宗教仪式，还用作皇帝举行重要国事活动的场所。它作为基督教的宫
廷教堂，整整
持续了
9
个世纪，一直是基督教之东正教的中心教堂。是拜占廷
时期一座罗马纪念馆。
公元
1453
年
6
月，
奥斯曼土耳其苏丹（国王）穆罕默德率领
20
万大军包围君士坦
丁（
Constantine
）堡
时，
在战舰上眺望圣索菲亚大教堂的巨大拱顶誓言要将教堂变成世界伊斯兰圣殿的中心。他下令将豪华
的罗马宫殿艺术珍品化为灰烬，拜占廷壁画用灰浆遮盖住，所有基督教雕像也被搬出，将大教堂改为清<
/p>
真寺，并在周围修建了
4
个高大的清真寺
尖塔。不久，奥斯曼土耳其帝国迁都君士坦丁堡，并将其更名
为伊斯坦布尔。从此，大教
堂就成了伊斯兰教徒的礼拜堂。
土耳其共和国建立以后，
1935
年大教堂改为国家博物馆，正式向世人开放，伊斯兰教徒迁
出。
1975
年
政府拨款进行了全面修
复。
1980
年
8
月土耳其政府将其中一所经堂重新开放，供穆斯林礼拜之用。
圣索菲亚大教堂是一座三拱长方型建筑，占地面积近
8000
平方米，其中中央大厅
5000
多平方米，教堂
前厅
600
多平方米。教堂的圆顶高
60
米，相当于
20
层楼高，是世界有名的五大圆顶之一。
?
圣
·
索菲亚教堂建于东罗马皇帝
Justinian
统治时期
(
公元
532
年
——
公元
537
年
)
，
当时拜占庭帝国正处于鼎盛阶段，
教堂汇集了罗马时期的智慧结晶，是拜占
庭时期的象征，它作为基督教的宫廷教堂，整整持续了
9
个世纪
。公元
1453
年
6
< br>月，奥斯曼土耳其苏丹穆罕默德攻入伊斯坦布尔，终于走进了令他朝思暮想的圣索菲亚大教堂。他下令
将教堂内所有拜占庭的壁画全部用灰浆遮盖住，所有基督教雕像也被搬出，并将大教堂改为清
真寺，还在周围修
建了
4
个高大的尖塔
，这就是现在的圣索菲亚大教堂的面貌。
如今，圣索非亚大教堂是属于基督徒和伊斯兰教信徒共有的一个宗教博物馆。
?
this is a rapidly modernising country
with one foot in Europe and one in the Middle
East. It's not all oriental splendour,
mystery, intrigue and whirling
dervishes but it is a spicy maelstrom of history
knocking up against a pacy present.
Turkey has so much to offer her
visitors; breathtaking natural beauties, unique
historical and archaeological sites, steadily
improving hotel and tourist
infrastructure, a tradition of hospitality and
competitive prices. It is not surprising therefore
that this
country has recently become
one of the world's most popular tourism
destinations. Due to Turkey's diverse geography,
one can
experience four different
climates in any one day.
The
rectangular shaped country is washed on three
sides by three different seas. Its shores are
laced with beaches, bays, coves,
ports,
islands and peninsulas. The summers are long,
lasting as long as eight months in some areas.
Turkey is also blessed with
majestic
mountains and valleys, lakes, rivers, waterfalls
and grottoes perfect action and sportive
activities seekers. Skiing fans,
mountain climbers, trekkers, hickers
all enjoy new and unforgettable experiences in
Turkey.
But Turkey is, above
anything else, a huge open-air museum, a
repository of all civilizations nurtured by the
soils of Anatolia.
The huge amount of
historical and archaeological wealth in Turkey
seems more appropriate for an entire continent
than a single
country. For centuries,
Turkey has been a crossroads of religions, not
only of Islam and Christianity, but of many others
now
forgotten by history. Many
religions devotees can find a site, a shrine, a
monument, a tomb or a ruin connected with their
faith
or belief.
Turkey is a country that's neither
Asian nor European. It may be a cliché
,
but Turkey connects the East and the West both
literally and figuratively... What
words can describe Turkey. You would search in
vain for a country where the history and
culture is as impressive as Turkey. The
civilizations of the world have left their own
distinct marks on these lands. Turkey is
full of intact remains from the
Hittites, Romans, Byzantines and Ottomans. They
have all had their capitals on this soil. Turkey
is simply beautiful. When you start an
expedition to the countryside, or just leave
cities for a couple of hours, you will notice a
handsome difference in scenery. Turkey
has 7 geographical regions and every region has
its own beauty. While Black Sea
dazzles
your eyes with thousands of different green tones,
you find yourself in a Steinbeck novel on the
Eastern Turkey.
Turkey's
land mass is 814,578 sq km. The European and Asian
sides
are divided by the Istanbul
Bogazi (Bosphorus), the Sea
of Marmara,
and
the Canakkale Bogazi
(Dardanelles). Anatolia is a high plateau region
rising progressively towards the east,
broken up by the valleys of about 15
rivers, including the Dicle (Tigris) and the Firat
(Euphrates). There are numerous
lakes
and some, such as Like Van, are as
large as inland seas. In the north,
the eastern Black Sea Mountain chain runs parallel
to the
Black Sea; in the south, the
Taurus Mountains sweep clown almost to the narrow,
fertile
coastal plain along the coast.
Turkey
enjoys a variety of climates,
ranging
from the temperate climate of
the Black Sea region, to the continental
climate of the
interior,
then, to the Mediterranean climate of the Aegean
and Mediterranean coastal regions. The
coastline of Turkey's four
seas
is more than 8,333 km long.
Eat, drink and be merry! This epicurean
motto never fit a country more perfectly than
Turkey that has one of the three biggest
cuisines in the world. The large
variety of different dishes and delicacies for
gourmet palates will surprise every guest paying a
visit to Turkey. Turkish people are
very friendly and hospitable. This is one of the
virtues we are really proud of. When you
visit Turkey you will get this warm
feeling in every step you make.
Today Turkey is abuzz with life, energy
and enterprise. It is a modern, secular country
with a booming economy. It embraces
the
future as a bridge between the east and West. Its
cities teem with vibrant cosmopolitan life.
Wherever you travel in Turkey,
the
country and its people will amaze and impress the
surge of its market forces and the modernization
of the infrastructure of
the whole
country is impressive. Turkish hospitality and
genuine warmth is a tradition. Turks have a
certain
life and enjoy nothing more
than sharing their optimism and enthusiasm with
travellers over a hot sweep cup of tea served in
the traditional tulip shaped glass.
Turkey is a country located
at a very strategic point where the three
continents of the old world (Asia,
Africa, and Europe) are
closest to each
other and where Asia and Europe meet.
Because of geographical location,
Turkey has always been important
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