-
专项训练八
饮食、卫生与健康
时间：
8
～
10
分钟
/
篇
分值：
2
分
/
小题
Passage
1
(2018
天津
)
Many people travel to different places
in the world by air. Usually it takes a
long time, perhaps half a day, for
passengers to stay in the plane. So
airlines(
航
空公司
)
offer
passengers
food.
But
it
is
common
that
they
feel
bad
about
food
taste.
Do you agree?
To
solve
this
problem,
airlines
try hard
to improve
their
food. They would like
to do
so because they don't want to lose
customers.
However,
according to scientific research, part of the
reason why plane food
tastes bad is
that at high altitude(
海拔
) we
can not taste things as well as we do
on
the
ground.
Also
scientists
have
found
that
our
noses
become
very
dry
even
before
a plane takes off. As
the plane moves up, the change in air
pressure(
气压
) reduces
one
third
of
the
sensibility(
感觉
)
of
our
taste
buds(
味蕾
).
So
our
taste
buds
become
senseless. The sad fact, however, is
that our noses don't know it.
All of these help explain why food on
the plane tastes so bad. They also help
explain
why
airlines
choose
to
offer
passengers
salty
and
spicy(
辛辣的
)
food.
Without
doing so, the food would be
tasteless.
Now
there are
many
researches
on
this.
According
to
one
of
them,
some
volunteers
are asked to lie
with their feet higher than their heads for weeks.
And scientists
write down their
feelings about food taste.
Though
scientists
try
their
best,
it
is
not
as
easy
as
they
thought.
Because
they
can't deal with the special environment
successfully, such as the change in air
pressure, making food taste good is
still hard for them.
(
)1. In Paragraph 2,
“
this
problem
”
means
________
．
A.
passengers stay long in the plane
B. food on the plane tastes bad
C. passengers have no food
to eat
D. food on the plane
is expensive
(
)2. What do airlines do to solve this
problem?
A. Get more
customers.
B.
Offer more food.
C. Improve
their food. D. Reduce the ticket
price.
(
)3. As the plane moves up, the change
in air pressure reduces ________ of
the
sensibility of our taste buds.
A. half
B. one
third
C. one fourth
D. one fifth
(
)4. Why do
scientists feel it hard to make food on the plane
taste good?
A. The
volunteers don't know about food taste.
B. The volunteers don't understand
them.
C. They can't find
enough volunteers.
D. They
can't deal with the special environment
successfully.
(
)5. What is the best title of the
passage?
A. Taste of
Airplane Food
B. Airplane
Travel
C. Scientific
Research on Noses
D. The Change in Air
Pressure
Passage
2
(2018
东营
)
It
seems
that
school
children
all
over
the
world
complain(
抱怨
)about
their
school
food. What do students of your age eat
for lunch at school in other countries?
Japan
High
schools
have
dining
rooms.
They
serve
everything
from
noodles
to
rice,
but
not
burgers
and
chips.
Other
children
bring
food
from
home,
such
as
cold
rice
balls,
meat
or
fish,
pickles(
泡菜
)and
vegetables.
Twice
a
year
parents
are
invited
to
have
a taste of the food.
United States
A
typical menu from a US school is made up of a
hamburger with fried potatoes
or roast
chicken, lettuce and pickles, fruit and cookies.
School lunches must also
provide at
least one third of the daily
amount(
总量
)of necessary nutri
tion(
营养
)
，
< br>such as, vitamin A, vitamin C and calcium(
< p>钙
)
．
Australia
Meat
pies, sausage rolls(
香肠卷
)and
hotdogs are all traditional dishes in
Australian
school
shops.
But
as
the
country
pays
more
attention
to
children's
health,
healthier foods have started to appear
on school menus. Many schools have used a
traffic
light
system.
The
sale
of
red
labeled(
标
注
)foods,
including
cookies,
chocolate
and
soft
drinks,
is
served
only
twice
a
week.
Healthier
green
labeled
foods
such as sushi,
sandwiches, corn and watermelons, however, are
available every day.
South
Africa
Most of South African
schools do not serve meals at all. Classes end at
1
：
30
p
．
m.
and
students
get
their
own
lunches.
Many
students
bring
food
from
home,
usually
sandwiches.
Fast
food and fried food sell the best among students.
As a result, it has
caused a rise in
obesity(
肥胖
)among children.
But as more people began to realize
that being too fat may cause different
kinds of serious illnesses, some schools in
towns have led the way towards better
nutrition. Now students at these schools are
offered
lunches
of
porridge
with
vegetables,
such
as
cabbage,
onions,
beans,
carrots
and
tomatoes.
(
)1. High schools in Japan
serve________
．
A.
noodles and rice B. burgers and rice
balls
C. chips and
vegetables D. fish and roast chicken
(
)2.
From
the
passage,
we
know
the
typical
menu
from
a
US
school
is________
．
A. delicious B. quite
healthy
C. not very healthy
D. popular in South Africa
(
)3. Which are traditional
dishes in Australia?
A. Meat
pies and hotdogs. B. Chocolate and soft
drinks.
C. Cookies and
sushi. D. Sandwiches and corn.
(
)4. In South A
frica
，
________
．
A. most students have
sandwiches and vegetables for lunch
B. students like fast food and fried
food very much
C. more and
more students become ill
D. students realized that
fast food and fried food were bad for their
health
(
)5. Which of the following is NOT
TRUE?
A. Parents in Japan
are invited to taste the food twice a
year.
B. In the United
States, school lunches must provide at least one
third of the
daily amount of necessary
nutrition.
C. In Australia,
many schools have used a traffic light
system.
D. In South Africa,
schools don't serve meals.
Passage
3
(2018
长沙
)
Why
is
clean
water
so
important
to
developing
countries?
A
recent
report
shows
that about 80 percent
of diseases in developing countries are caused by
poor water
and
low
sanitation(
卫生
)conditions.
In
those
countries,
women
and
girls
spend
several
hours
collecting
water,
but
often
polluted,
far
away
from
their
families.
The
polluted
water more or less
influences their health. In this case, there is an
urgent(
迫切
的
)
need
for
people
in
developing
countries
to
have
access
to(
有机会或权利使用
)
clean
water to improve their
health.
Here
is a
short
story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12<
/p>
?
year
?
o
ld girl in Niger. Having
access to
clean water changed her life. She learned about
the importance of
hand
?
washing when the school
first received clean water three years ago. That
evening,
she told her father,
“
You shouldn't eat with me
unless you clean your
hands.
”
Her father
was very angry and shouted at her,
“
It's not up to you to tell
me what to do
！”
Stunned(
目
瞪
口
呆
的
),
Hadjara
sat
in
silence.
But
she
knew
she
was
right.
In
protest,_
Hadjara refused to
eat dinner that night. After her father questioned
Hadjara's
head
teacher,
he
und
erstood
the
importance
of
hand?washing
and
his
daughter's
intentions(
目的
). The girl
really wanted her family to live longer and
healthier lives.
For
people
in
developing
countries,
clean
water
can
change
many
things,
especially
improve
their
health.
So,
from
now
on,
let's
avoid
wasting
water
and
take
action to save water, which is
important to people all over the world.
(
)1.
According
to
the
recent
report,
poor
water
and
low
sanitation
conditions
can cause
________
．
A.
traffic problems
B. forest
fires
C. many
illnesses
(
)2.
The
key
to
improving
people's
health
in
developing
countries
is
________
in Paragraph
1.
A. to get clean water
B. to exercise
often
C. to refuse
drugs
(
)3. What can we
infer(
推断
) from Paragraph
2?
A. Hadjara laughed at her
father's foolishness.
B.
Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night in order
to lose weight.