修辞手法-平行结构

.10.

平

行

Parallelism

1.

定义

Parallelism:

The

similarity

of

construction

of

adjacent

word

groups

equivalent,

complementary

or

antithetic

in

sense

esp,

for

rhetorical

effect

or

rhythem (WED); A balanced construction of a verse or

sentence, where one part repeats the form or meaning

of the other (CD).

英语中

Parallelism

是并列使用两个或两个 以上结构和功

能相同的单词、

短语或句子来表达相似、

相关或相连的事物。

英语

Parallelis m(

平行

)

源于希腊语的

parall

ē

lismos

，意

即

along side

one

another(

并排

)

。这是英语里最常用修

辞格之一，广泛见诸 于诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧、演讲中。

Parallelism

具有结构整齐，节奏鲜明，表达简练，语义突

出的特点，能有效地增强语势，表达强烈的 感情，说明深刻

的道理。

英语

Parallelism

的构成可体现于 各个语言层次，

如单词、

短语、从句、句子等，其中以三项式平 行结构最为普遍。

2

．主要格式

(1)

单词平行

The

letter,

short,

cold,

sharp-tongued,

was

unexpected.

没料到，这封信很短，语气冷淡，言词尖刻。

Her fianc

é

is tall, bland and handsome.

她的未婚夫高大、和蔼、英俊。

Bob

does

his

work

quickly,

carefully,

and

efficiently.

鲍勃做工作做得快、很细心、效率高。

Civilized men arrived in the Pacific

，

armed with

alcohol, syphilis, trousers and the Bible.

( H. Ellis )

文 明人来到了太平洋，带着酒、梅毒、裤子、圣经等一

身武器。

Lumber,

corn,

tobacco,

wheat,

and

furs

moved

downtown

to the delta country.

(

Noel

Grove:

Mark

Twain

—

Mirror of America)

木材、

玉米、

烟草 、

小麦和皮货沿河而下运到三角洲一带。

We hate what we fear and so where hate is, fear is

lurking. Thus we hate what threatens our person, our

liberty, our privacy, our income, our popularity, our

vanity

and

our

dreams

and

plans

for

ourselves.

( Cyril Connolly: The Unquiet Crave )

< /p>

我们仇恨我们所畏惧的，所以凡是存在仇恨的地方，肯定

潜伏着畏 惧。我们的身体，我们的自由，我们的隐私，我们

的收入，我们的人缘，我们的虚荣，我 们的梦想和为自身所

作的各种安排，凡此种种受到威胁，我们就会仇恨。

An

Englishman thinks seated; a Frenchman, standing;

an

American,

pacing;

an

Irishman,

afterward.

( O

’

Malley )

英国人坐着想，法国人站着想，美国人走着想，爱尔兰人< /p>

事后想。

Those

who

huddled

pitifully

together

on

the

left

were

the old, the infirm, the ill, the very young.

左边那些可怜的人挤在一起，他 们都是些老、弱、病、幼

的人。

The

past,

with

its

crimes,

its

follies,

and

its

tragedies, flashes away. ( Churchill )

往昔与它的罪恶、蠢行、悲剧一闪而过。

(2)

短语平行

Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for

ability. ( Francis Bacon: Of Studies )

读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。

Better

to

reign

in

hell

than

serve

in

Heaven.

( Milton )

宁在地狱为王，不在天宫为臣。

We

can

gain

knowledge by

reading,

by

reflection,

by

observation or by practice.

我们求知门路很多：阅读、回忆、观察或实践。

Peter enjoys going to movies, listening to music,

and playing cards.

彼特喜欢看电影、听音乐、玩牌。

Read

not

to

contradict

and

confuse;

nor

to

believe

and

take

for

granted;

nor

to

find

talk

and

discourse;

but

to

weigh

and

consider. (

Francis

Bacon:

Of Studies )

读书时不可存心诘难作者，

不可尽信书上 所言，

亦不可只

为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。

< br>

A money 1ender serves you in the present tense,

lends you money in the conditional mood, keeps you in

the

subjunctive

and

ruins

you

in

the

future.

( Joseph Addison )

借钱给你时用的是条件语

气，使你老是处于虚拟的状态，并且会在将来毁掉你。

With

this

faith,

we

will

be

able to

work

together,

to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail

together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing

that we will be free one day.