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（英语）高一英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1
．
阅读理解
They have beaten us at
chess, and now computers are taking a step into a
very human territory:
the reading
comprehension test, which schoolchildren
everywhere are suffering.
Alibaba said its artificial research outperformed
mere mortals (
凡人
) in a
global reading test
that seeks answers
to such pressing questions as
big is
the Amazon rainforest?
Luo Si referred to the machines' victory as
from customer service to museum
tutorials to medical enquires-some of which are
already being
handled by chatbots
(
聊天机器人
) globally.
In
the
test,
companies
subjected
their
artificial
intelligence
systems
to
queries
from
the
Stanford
Question
Answering
Dataset,
which
assessed reading
comprehension.
The
computers'
answers were
compared against average human responses and
ranked.
Tying in top
place were Microsoft, the US software giant, and
Alibaba, the Chinese tech group
that
began
with
ecommerce
and--like
its
peers
at
home
and
abroad
---is
ploughing
more
funds
into AI, much of it
via its research arm.
While Microsoft and Alibaba won by the slimmest of
margins---at accuracy levels a few basis
points above humans' 82.3 per cent in
providing exact matches to questions--the tie
provided a
fitting symbol of the AI
arms race between the US and China.
China
aims
to
use
its
vast
troves
(
宝库
)of
data,
collected
from
its
1.4
billion
population
including
730
million
who are
online,
and
deep
pockets
to
overtake
the
US
in
creating
a
$$150
billion
industry
that
is
seen
as
the
next
industrial
revolution.
AI
is
already
being
harnessed
in
everything from driverless cars to
customising newsfeeds.
While
China's
drive
is
being
spearheaded
by
government,
it
is
cultivating
homegrown
tech
giants including Baidu,
Alibaba and Tencent to leap ahead of the
US.
Baidu made an early
bet on AI, and is leading its rivals in autonomous
driving. Tencent, which
boasts just shy
of 1 billion monthly active users on its social
media WeChat app, and Alibaba have
adopted AI in operations such as
customizing news and ads, and are investing in new
fields.
（
1
）
What does Luo Si think of Al's
performance in reading comprehension?
feels frightened at
it.
has some doubts about
it.
thinks highly of
it.
considers it worth a
try.
（
2
）
How
did the reading test carry on for Al?
allowing them to interact
with humans.
asking them to
answer questions.
giving
them questions to analyze.
making them compete with chatbots.
（
3
）
What
does China depend on to lead in Al?
new industrial
revolution.
huge market of
$$150 billion industry investment.
e data from its 1.4 billion population
and huge amounts of treasure.
cooperation between Chinese government
and Microsoft.
（
4
）
In
which field does Baidu do better than its rivals?
medical
enquires.
customer
service.
er news
feeds.
driverless
cars.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
< br>
（
2
）
B
（
3
）
C
（
4
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了人工智能的发展。
（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第三段
“Luo
Si referred to the machines' victory as ‘a
milestone’. He
said
the
technology
has
many
uses,
from
customer
service
to
museum
tutorials
to
medical
enquires-some of
which are already being handled by chatbots
(
聊天机器人
)
globally
.”
可知司罗
把机器取得的这个胜利称为一个里程碑，称该技术
有很多用途，从客户服务、博物馆讲
解，到医疗查询，其中一些在全球范围已经由聊天机
器人处理。他对人工智能评价很高，
所以选
C
< br>。
（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第四段
“In the
tes
t, companies subjected their
artificial intelligence
systems
to
queries
from
the
Stanford
Question
Answering
Dataset,
which
assessed
reading
comprehension. The computers' answers
were compared against average human responses and
ranked.”
可知通过问问题，回答问题来检测人工智能，
所以选
B
。
（
3
）考查细节理解。根据第七段中的
“China
aims
to
use
its
vast
troves
（宝库）
of
data,
collected from its 1.4
billion population including 730 million who are
online, and deep pockets to
overtake
the US in creating a $$150 billion industry that is
seen as the next indust
rial revolution.
”
可知中国力求利用来自其
14
亿人口
（其中有
7.3
亿上网）的海量数据和雄厚财力，在创建
被视为下一场工业革命的
1500
亿美元产业
方面超越美国。故选
C
。
（
4
）考查
细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“Baidu
made
an
early
bet
on
AI,
and
is
leading
its
rivals in autonomous
driving.”
可知百度在无人驾驶汽车的
技术方面领先其他竞争对手，故选
D
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个
题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推
理，从而选出正确答案。
2
．
阅读理解
I work as the reception
manager at my hotel.
A
booking came in a few weeks ago with a note
attached that a guest would be travelling with
her deaf father. This note helped us in
preparing for their arrival. As they would be here
for a
number of days, his daughter
wanted to make his trip to Ireland as smooth as
possible.
Upon seeing
this note and knowing I would be the one to check
them in, I decided to learn
some very
basic sign language. I greeted the guest in my
usual fashion, asking for the surname on
the booking. Once I heard the
name
，
I immediately realized
who was standing in front of me.
I
had
been
learning
for
two
weeks
how
to
say:
to
Ireland.
My
sign
language
is
terrible, but please, if
you need anything during your stay, just let me
know and we will help you.
I smiled at the father and daughter in front of
me. Turning to the father, I greeted him in ASL
(American
Sign
Language)
and
began
the
bit
I
had
learned
for
him.
His
daughter
broke
down
crying and told me I
was sweet. But the father just smiled and was so
happy. Honestly, seeing his
reaction
was enough for me. It was absolutely worth the
last few weeks of learning basic ASL.
Sadly, I wasn't working the day
they checked out, but they left a gift for me, a
small box with
some chocolates and a
book on ASL. Inside was a note saying:
you did. My father has been in amazing
spirits from the time you checked us in and
insisted we
get you a gift before we
left. You have no idea how much this meant to my
father and me, and we
can't thank you
enough. You've made his trip very special with one
simple gesture.
I cried
for a solid five minutes when I came into work the
next day and found this gift in my
locker.
（
1
）
The
daughter left a note when booking the hotel in
order to __________.
for special service for
herself
some useful advice
to the hotel
s gratitude to
the hotel manager
her
father's trip more comfortable
（
2
）
The
daughter cried when they checked in because
__________.
author's sign language was really
terrible
father was
unwilling to live in that hotel
appreciated what the author had done
for her father
author
wouldn't be working when they checked
out
（
3
）
Seeing the father's reaction during
check-in the author probably felt __________.
ul
ied
ointed
ful
（
4
）
From this passage, we can
know that __________.
author made the daughter's check-out
smooth
author was deeply
moved by an unexpected gift
daughter cried for five minutes before they
left
daughter asked the
author to learn sign language
【答案】
（
1
）
D
（<
/p>
2
）
C
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文
，作者回忆了接待一对父女来爱尔兰旅游，帮助他们
登记的故事，因为那位父亲是个聋哑
人，执着专门学了手势语
欢迎来爱尔兰
，结果那位
父亲对于作者的接待很满意，走得时候还送给作者礼
物，并给经理写信，希望给作者加
薪。
（
1
）考查
细节理解。根据第二段中的
“As
they
would
be
here
for
a
number
of
days,
his
daughter wanted to make his trip to
Ireland as smooth as possible.”
由于他们要在这里
呆几天，
他的女儿想让他的爱尔兰之行尽可能顺利。可知，女儿在预订旅馆时留下了一张
便条，以
便让父亲的旅行更舒适。故选
D
。
（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的
“His
daughter
broke
down
crying
and
told
me
I
was
sweet. But the father
just smiled and was so happy.”
可知当他们登记入住
时，女儿哭了，女儿
情绪失控的原因是作者的细心体贴感动了她，这让她的爸爸很开心。
故选
C
。
（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的
“Honestly, seeing his
reac
tion was enough for me. It was
absolutely worth the last few weeks of
learning basic ASL.”
老实说，看到他的反应就足够了。
最后几周的
ASL
基础学习绝对值得。可知，看
到这位爸爸很开心，作者感到了他的付出是
很值得的；因此看到父亲在入住时的反应，作
者可能感到很满足。故选
B
。
（
4
）考查
推理判断。根据最后一段
“I cried for a solid five
minutes when I came into work the
next
day and found this gift in my locker.”
第
二天上班时，我在储物柜里发现了这件礼物，哭
了整整五分钟。可知，作者受到这份特殊
的礼物后很感动，故选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，
是一篇故事类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出
正确答案。
3
．
阅读理解
Durian(
榴莲
)
is
probably
the
smelliest
fruit
in
the
world,
letting
out
an
unusual
unpleasant
smell which would make anyone bring up.
However, nobody was aware of what gave this fruit
its
unique smell, so a team of
researchers from Singapore decided to take a look
at its genome
(
基因
组
) and find
out,
Durian
is
well-known
throughout
Southeast
Asia
as
the
king
of
fruits,
mostly
because
of
its
awful
appearance
and
smell.
However,
the
origin
of
this
unpleasant
smell
was
unknown,
so
researchers decided to map the genome
of the fruit, and find the gene that controlled
it. A group
of genes, volatile sulfur
compounds (
含硫化合物
), became
very active in the fruit, and they were
found responsible for resulting in the
unpleasant smell.
The
fruit confuses everyone with a sulfuric smell,
like rotten onions and ingredients. The smell
lasts
long,
mostly
because
the
fruit
contains
more
volatile
sulfur
compounds.
Other
species
usually benefit from
two gene copies at most, but durian has four,
leading to the striking smell.
However,
this
smell
might
be
an
advantage
for
durian
in
the
wild.
Although
we
find
it
unpleasant,
many
animals
might
be
attracted
by
it.
If
they
eat
the
fruit,
then
they
can
easily
spread its seeds everywhere, thus
contributing to the distribution of the
species.
The mapping of
the durian genome also showed some other
information on the species. First
of
all, the fruit has an impressive number of genes,
namely 46,000. Also, with the help of these
genes, they saw how it
evolved, and discovered it was
related to the cacao tree. All the
other
discoveries have been published
in the journal
Nature
Genetics.
Despite the
striking smell, many people actually enjoy eating
the fruit. However, not all durian
species are edible, and some of them
may even cause damage to our health, Even so, the
fruit is
often imported, significantly
contributing to the economy.
（
1
）
What give
durian its unique smell?
A. Onions nearby.
B. Two gene copies.
C. Rotten ingredients in it.
D. Volatile sulfur compounds.
（
2
）
What does
the underlined word “evolved” in Paragraph 5
probably mean?
A. Developed. B.
Escaped. C. Predicted.
D. Tolerated.
（
3<
/p>
）
What can we infer from the
text?
A. No
birds enjoy eating durian.
B. Durian can be planted all over the
world.
C. Some
of
durian
species
can
not
be
eaten.
D. Durian
has
no
relationship
with
the
cacao
tree.
（
4
）
What's the best title for
the text?
A.
What's Durian?
B. The Influence of the Smell
C. The Distribution of Durian
D. The Mystery of the Unpleasant Smell of
Durian
【答案】
（
1
）
D
（
2
）
A
（
3
）
C
（
4
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，新加坡的研究者找出导致水果有难闻气味的原因就
是水果中含有的挥发性硫化合物非常
活跃，这种气味对于野外生存榴莲来说有利于吸引动
物来吃这种水果，同时传播种子。<
/p>
(1)
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“so
researchers
decided
to
map
the
genome
of
the
fruit,
and
find the gene that controlled it. A group of
genes, volatile sulfur compounds
(
含硫化合物
),
became
very active in the fruit, and they were found
responsible for resulting in the unpleasant
smell.”
可知，研究人员找到一组基因
——<
/p>
挥发性硫化合物（
South-Type
），在水果中非常活
跃，发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。故选
D
。
(2)
考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。通过基因图，
发现了这种水果的基因庞大，有
46000
条基因。在这些基因
的帮助下，他们了解了榴莲的
基因如何演变的，并发现榴莲与可可树有关。
A
项
de
velop“
使进化
”
，与划线词
evolved
是
同义词。故选
A
。
(3)
考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“not all
durian species are edible, and some of them may
even
cause
to
our
health,”
可知，并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的，有些榴莲是不可
以吃的。由此
可推断出选
C
。
(4)
考查主旨大意。文章说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道原因。新
加坡的研
究者决定来查明原因。最后通过绘制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。由
此可知，
本文最好的题目应该是
“
榴莲
难闻之谜
”
最为适合，故选
D
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，，推理判
断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是
一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息
的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进
行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确
答案。
4
．
阅读理解
One of the main decisions you must
make when traveling is deciding where to stay. A
place to
stay
can
often
make
or
break
a
holiday.
Whether
you
are
looking
for
a
classy
hotel
or
a
night
under the
stars, we can guide you through your different
options.
Bed and
Breakfast
An English
invention, bed and breakfasts, offers exactly what
they suggest, a bed for the night
and
breakfast in the morning.
“B&Bs”
，
are usually someone's
private home, often found in the
countryside.
Hostels
For
those
traveling
on
a
tight
budget,
hostels
are
the
best
accommodation
option.
Informal
places usually with
a lovely relaxed atmosphere, they offer dormitory
beds for rent. Bathrooms
are usually
down the hall.
Remember
to check reviews by previous guests online before
you book your hostel.
Couch Surfing
An
unusual
but
interesting
option,
couch(
沙发
)
surfing
is
a
growing
trend
among
young
internationals.
The
idea
is
that
you
become
a
member
of
the
online
couch-surfing
community
(www.
couchsurfing. com) and then when you travel, look
up other members in that country and
ask
to
stay
on
their
couch.
Most
hosts
will
suggest
sightseeing
trips
and
take
you
out
in
the
evening, making it a
great way to see things that aren't in your
guidebook. And remember, it may
be free
but don't forget to offer to buy your host a drink
or dinner.
Camping
Sleeping under
the stars! For budget travelers staying at camping
grounds is the cheapest way
to travel.
The drawback is having to carry a tent with you.
Camping grounds can be found across
Europe, America and Australia. However,
if you intend on camping in busy cities check
first where
the nearest place for
camping is. More often than not, they are on the
edge of cities, which can
mean lengthy
bus rides into town when you want to eat or see
the sights.
（
1
）
What will hostels provide for
budget travelers?
A. A positive experience.
B. Dormitory beds for sale.
C. Reviews by previous guests.
D. Beds and private bathrooms.
< br>（
2
）
What is the
advantage of couch surfing?
A. You can have a couch to sleep on.
B. You don't have to pay any
money.
C. You can explore
the nightlife there.
D.
The host will share the expense with
you.
（
3
）
What is the disadvantage of camping?
A. Sleeping in the open
air. B. Taking
some extra articles.
C.
Camping near big cities.
D. Using public transportation.
（
4
）
What may
the four alternatives have in common?
A. They help you save
money. B. They help
you make friends.
C. They
offer you good reviews.
D. They offer you nice views.
【答案】
（
1
）
< br>A
（
2
）
C
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文
，为手头资金紧张的出门旅游者介绍了四种住宿方
式：住宿兼次日早餐的旅馆、青年旅舍
、睡沙发旅行和露宿，并介绍了各自的优点和不足
之处。
(1)
考查推理判断。根据
Hostels
部分中的
“Informa
l
places
usually
with
a
lovely
relaxed
atmosphere”
可知，这些非正式的场所给你一种轻松愉快的氛围，会让你有一次积极的体
验。故选
A
。
(2)
考查推理判断。根据
Couch
Surfing
部分中的
“Most
hosts
will
suggest
sightseeing
trips
and
take
you out in the evening, making it a great way to
see things that aren't in your guide
boo
k.”
可
知，到旅游时寻找这样的家庭，主人给你提供自家的沙
发代替旅馆，在夜晚，主人会带你
出去转悠，你能看见在旅游指南上找不到的东西。故选
C
。
(3)
考查推理判断。最后一节谈到露宿，说它能让你在星空下睡觉，不方便的地方是你出门<
/p>
时得带着帐篷，要额外携带一些物品。故选
B
。
(4)
考查推理判断。本文介
绍了四种经济的出行方式：住宿兼次日早餐的旅馆，青年旅舍，
睡沙发旅行和露宿。从各
部分的介绍看，这四种选择都不像旅馆那么贵，可以帮你省钱。
故选
A
。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理
判断题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进
行逻辑推理，从而选出正确
答案。
5
．
阅读理解
Truman headed home from school,
with the homework in mind, a report on beehives
(
蜂巢
).
Truman's
class
had
studied
bees
for
three
days,
so
he
was
ready.
But,
as
his
teacher
Mrs.
Lawrence had explained,
to earn an A +
，
he
neede
d a “new angle”.
Truman pushed open the front door
to find his four-year-old brother, Bryan, sitting
on the living
room rag, hard at work.
Paper towel tubes were all over the
floor.
Bryan
quickly stood up. “Truman, help me build a
city!”
“I'd
like to,” Truman replied, “but I have to do a
report on beehives and ...”
“Can I help you?” Bryan
begged.
“I
don't think so, Bry. Sorry.''
“I know where there's a
beehive.” Bryan smiled.
“Where?”
“In the wood pile by the
garage.''
The boys
marched to the firewood. Bending down, Bryan
pointed out the hive deep inside the
pile. Truman carefully removed the hive
out.
“You got
it!” Bryan shouted.
Back
in the living room, Truman paced around, turning
the fragile hive under his nose. Each cell
was a perfect
hexagon(
六边形
). How did the
bees fit the cells together so neatly? And how did
they
make
each
cell
six-sided?
Could
they
count?
Lost
in
thought,
his
foot
came
down
on
something
...
“Truman!
You're mining my city!”
“Get your
stupid tubes out
of here
，
Bryan! I'm trying
to…”
The towel tubes on
the floor suddenly reminded him of something. The
beehive!
Looking closer,
he noticed the tubes were arranged with one in the
middle, surrounded by six
others, just
like the cells of the hive.
Just to be sure, he tried five and then seven
tubes surrounding the center tubes, but neither
way fit. Six was the only number that
worked.
“Bees
don't count to six,” he said aloud. “The cells
have to be six
-sided.
Truman ran to Bryan and threw his
arms around his brother. Bryan, you did it! Now I
can build
a model beehive with your
tubes! I mean
—
if it's O. K. with you.”
（
1
）
Where
did Truman find the beehive?
A. In Bryan's city.
B. Inside the garage.
C. In the living room.
D. Inside the wood pile.
（
2
）
What
do we know about the beehive?
A. It was hidden by Bryan.
B. It was easy to break.
C. It was ruined by Truman.
D. It was a perfect hexagon.
（
3
）
How
did Truman probably finish his homework in the
end?
A. With his
teacher's aid.
B. By building a city.
C.
With Bryan's help.
D. By killing the bees.
【答案】
（
1
）
D
（
2
）
B
（
3
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文
，杜鲁门回家时正在为如何取得蜂巢作业而烦恼，正
在地上用纸管建城市的弟弟布莱恩，
无意中给哥哥杜鲁门提供了蜂巢的线索，杜鲁门找到
蜂巢后，通过观察得到了做蜂巢作业
的灵感。
(1)
考查细节理解。根据
弟弟
Bryan
的话
“In the
wood pile by the garage.''
以及下文的
“Bending
down, Bryan pointed out the hive deep
inside the pile. Truman carefully removed the hive
out.”
可知，蜂巢是在木头堆里找到的。故选
D
。
(2)
考查细节理解
。根据第八段中的
“Back in the living room,
Truman paced around, turning the
fragile hiv
e under his nose.
”
可知，这个蜂巢易碎。故选
B
。
(3)
考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“Truman
ran
to
Bryan
and
threw
his
arms
around
his
brother. Bryan, you did
it! Now I can build a model beehive with your
tubes! I mean
—
if it's O.
K.
with you.”
可知，杜鲁门在弟弟布莱恩的帮助
下完成蜂巢作业。故选
C
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇记叙文阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节
信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。
6
．
阅读理解
Many people have long dreamed of
being able to fly around as simply as riding a
bicycle. Yet
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