-
四级作文
1
素质教育？应试教育？
【中文提示】
★
现今教育为应试教育
★
提倡素质教育
★
作者看到素质教育的效果
From
primary
school
to
college,
students,
teachers
and
parents--all
are
struggling
for
high
scores.
This
is
because
the
current
education
system
is
not
aimed
at
students'quality,
but
only
at
developing
their
ability
to
perform
well
on
tests.
As
result,
many
students,
even
those
with
high
scores, often do poorly when it comes
to the practical application of what they have
learned.
Therefore, China is challenging
examination-oriented education by advocating
quality-oriented
education.
The alternative will focus on the
students' ability as a whole.
The exam results will no
longer play a key role in evaluating a
student.
Personally, I firmly believe in the
magic force of this new policy.
It seems that I have seen in
my mind's eye the more colorful life,
the looser environment, yet the more creative
minds of the future
students.
Our education, so to speak,
will bring up a new generation.
primary school
小学
scores
[skCEs]
得分
n.
名词
examination-oriented education
应试教育
alternative
[C:l5tE:nEtiv]
选择对象；选择余地
n.
名词
struggle for:
为……努力
2
信心－－成功
【中文提示】
★
为什么要有自信
★
为什么会没有自信
★
如何做到有自信
Whatever
one does, one should do it with confidence.
If one had no confidence,
there is little
possibility
that
one
would
ever
achieve
anything,
especially
when
one
is
faced
with
drawbacks
or
hardships.
This
truth seems to be self-evident.
However, in reality we do see a lot of
people who
complain that they lack the
ability to do something or that their difficulties
are too great to overcome.
For some, this might be true.
But for many others, this
only shows that they have lost heart.
Why do people often feel
frustrated even though they are capable of doing
something?
There
are,
among
others,
two
main
reasons.
First,
these
people
do
not
have
a
correct
estimation
of
themselves.
Second, they over-estimate the
difficulties.
It is
possible to build up faith in oneself by having
the right attitude toward one's own abilities.
We should never
underestimate our abilities but should believe in
the proverb:
there is a way.
Confidence is the premise for
fulfilling a task successfully.
over-estimate
评价过高
v.
动词
underestimate
[5QndEr5estimeit]
低估，看轻
v.
动词
premise
[5premis]
前提
n.
名词
lose heart:
丧气，灰心，泄劲，泄气
3
双休日
【中文提示】
★
双休日的好处
★
问题：课程更多了
★
应合理安排时间
The
two-day
weekend has
brought
a
lot
of
benefits
to
college
students.
It
not
only
offers
us
more time to get rid of tiredness and
have a good rest, but also gives us more chances
to take up some
hobbies,
such
as
fishing,
reading,
or
gardening.
From
these
activities
we
can
learn
many
things
outside the classroom, which will add
to our knowledge.
Despite the convenience it
brings
us,
the two-day
weekend has also
given
rise
to quite a few
problems.
The
most
serious
one
is
that
the
weekdays
are
filled
with
more
lessons,
sometimes
too
many.
Because our classes are limited to
Monday through Friday, we have to take more
lessons each
day than in the past.
This leaves us little time
to catch our breath during the weekdays.
In
order to benefit most from the two-day weekend,
students should make a good plan for the
two-day weekend, not only to take this
chance to relax but still set aside enough time to
study.
By
doing
so, students can have a good time as well as make
progress in studies.
convenience
[kEn5vi:njEns]
便利，方便
n.
名词
progress
[5prEu^res]
进步，发展
n.
名词
get rid of:
摆脱，除去
take up:
拿起，开始从事，吸收，占据
4
战争
【中文提示】
★
战争造成的影响
★
为什么要避免战争
★
如何避免战争
War is
a terrible thing.
Anyone who hears
of it is
fearful
and terrifried.
Once engaging in
war,
large
amounts
of
money
are
wasted,
thousands
of
lives
are
sacrificed,
and
the
whole
nation
is
thrown into extreme
confusion.
Even the
victorious country loses more than it gains.
Since war is so
terrible,
Is it possible to
prevent war?
Surely it is.
Though it is beyond our power to
prevent war between others, we can at
any rate prevent war between our nation
and other nations.
In order
to realize our hope, we must
never
invade others, and at the same time, prevent
others from invading us.
According
to
my
opinion,
no
country
can
keep
herself
from
being
invaded
unless
she
has
effective means of self-defense.
Hence we must develop our
military strength so that we can make
others fear us and consequently dare
not to invade us.
The world
would be, I believe more advanced
civilization if people were kind and
friendly to one another.
sacrifice
[5sAkrifais]
牺牲，献出
v.
动词
at any rate
无论如何，至少
invade
[in5veid]
侵略；侵占
v.
动词
civilization
[9sIvIlaI`zeIFLn;-lI`z-]
文明，文化
n.
名词
keep...from:
阻止
,
隐瞒
,
抑制
at any rate:
无论如何
,
至少
5
一寸光阴一寸金
【中文提示】
★
时间比金钱更重要
★
原因：时间一去不复返
★
要充分利用时间
★
浪费时间等于浪费生命
A
proverb says:
But in my
opinion, time is even more precious than money.
Why?
Because when money is spent, we can
earn it back.
However, when
time is gone, it will never return.
This is the reason why we must value
time.
It goes without saying that the time
for study and work is unusually limited.
Hence, even an
hour is extremely precious.
We should make full use of our time to
do useful things.
As
students we
must make efforts to engage
in our studies so as to serve our nation and
people in the future.
But
it is
a pity that there are a lot of
people who do not know the importance of time.
They spend their time
smoking, drinking and gambling.
They do not realize that
wasting time is equal to wasting a part of
their valuable life.
We should get
into the good habit of saving time.
Do not put off what can be done today
until
tomorrow.
Laziness will not only bring us failure
but also lead us to the road of poverty.
it goes without saying
理所当然，不用说
gambling
[5^AmbliN]
赌博
n.
名词
make use of :
假借
;
利用
get into :
习惯，熟悉
6
怎样处理贫富差距？
【中文提示】
★
收入差距，严重的社会问题
★
原因：分配机制；经济发展；教育体系
★
措施：改进分配制度；着重关注落后地区；提高教育水平
Most people have realized that the
income gap has long been a serious social problem.
There are three reasons why such
phenomena have arisen.
First, the distribution mechanism
of our nation has some innate
drawbacks.
Second, the
disparity
of economic development
between
urban
and
rural
areas
as
well
as
the
east
and
the
west
is
too
huge
to
be
mended
in
a
short
time.
Third, the present educational system
is far from satisfactory: many children throughout
the country
drop out of school for
various reasons.
Consequently it is
important that we take three measures to solve
this problem.
First of all,
the
government
should
constantly
improve
the
distribution
mechanism,
making
it
not
only
transparent but also
reasonable.
In the second
place, during economic development, more emphasis
should be placed on the relatively
backward areas.
Last but by
no means least, all people make great
efforts to significantly improve our
educational
level--if we can quickly
increase the literacy rate of
our nation, the overall situation will
fundamentally change.
It
is
beyond
doubt
that
the
income
gaps
is
a
serious
problem
to
any
nation
at
any
time.
Nevertheless, in such a nation as we
have, I firmly believe if all of us shoulder the
responsibility,
we
can deal
with this problem successfully.
distribution
[7distri5bju:FEn]
分配
n.
名词
mechanism
[5mekEnizEm]
机制
n.
名词
innate
[5ineit]
天生的；先天的
adj.
形容词
drawback
[5drC:7bAk]
缺点
n.
名词
disparity
[dis5pAriti]
不等；不同
n.
名词
transparent
[trAns5pZErEnt]
透明的，易懂的，
显而易见的
adj.
形容词
fundamentally
基本上
adv.
副词
as well as:
以及，及
drop out of:
掉队
,
不参
与，离去
far from:
远远不
;
一点也不
7
高校毕业生是否该到西部去？
【中文提示】
★
年轻人是否应该投身于西部大开发
★
西部大开发提供好机遇：找工作容易；更多的工作机会
★
怀疑态度，大城市机会多，去西部风险大
★
作者观点，支持去西部发展
Recent years witnessed a
profound change in Western China.
The whole country combines
joint efforts to engage in the
exploitation of the western provinces.
This vital issue especially attracts
youths' attention.
However, they have different views on
whether they should contribute their part
to the modernization of the West after
their graduation.
Some
students
hold
that
the
West
offers
unprecedented
opportunities
for
young
talents.
Firstly, it is comparatively easier to
launch a career
for a newcomer in the
West than in such large
cities as
Shenzhen and Shanghai.
Secondly, the West is still
underdeveloped, so it offers many more
opportunities and is the ideal place to
realize one's dreams.
Other
students, whereas, cast doubt on
those
points of view.
They hold
that developed area can provide more chances. To
go to the West,
they say, is too risky.
Personally, I take the side of the
people in the first category.
I think that going to the West is a
perfect
combination
of
our
nation's
need
and
my
personal
ambition.
I
believe
that
an
able
man
should face challenges
boldly and not be afraid of hardship.
witness
[5witnis]
目睹，见证
v.
动词
exploitation
[7eksplCi5teiFEn]
开发
n.
名词
unprecedented
[Qn5presidEntid]
前所未有的，空前的
adj.
形容词
newcomer
[5nju:7kQmE]
新移民
n.
名词
whereas
[(h)wZEr5Az]
然而，反之
conj.
连词
boldly
勇敢地，大胆地
adv.
副词
engage in:
参加；从事
point of
view: n.
观点；意见
8
电脑游戏
【中文提示】
★
电脑游戏的弊端：影响学业；逃课
★
原因：电脑游戏推层出新；学生缺乏自控能力；老师监管不够
★
解决方法：环境；实现梦想；利用媒体宣传
More and more college students become
indulge in computer games.
Some of them play video
games
all
night,
which
will
inevitably
hinder
their
studies.
Others
are
even
truant
to
enjoy
themselves.
There are three possible
reasons to account for this trend.
First of all, information technology
is
developing
at
a
fantastic
speed
and
computer
games
become
more
and
more
advanced
and
attractive.
What's
more,
many
students
lack
self-control
to
such
an
extent
that
they
play
for
long
hours
even if they know it is harmful to both their
physical and mental health.
In the third place, the
university authority and teachers are
too lenient with the students--they attach great
importance to
imparting knowledge and
more or less overlook students?personality
development.
The solutions to this problem seem more
than clear on this occasion.
By creating a favorable
environment,
university
authorities
can
help students
enjoy
learning
in
and
after
class.
Moreover,
university
teachers should teach students how to make the
best use of their time and energy to realize
their dreams.
Last but not least, the
mass
media
should also
play
a positive role in
conveying the
message that it is not
wise for college students to play computer games
for long hours.
hinder
[5hindE]
阻止；妨碍
v.
动词
truant
[5tru:Ent]
逃学的，懒散的
adj.
形容词
convey
[kEn5vei]
通知；传达
v.
动词
indulge in:
沉溺于；享受一下
account for:
对……作出解释
9
成人教育热
【中文提示】
★
越来越多的成人参加成人教育
★
原因：拿学位，拿文凭；学技能；找工作
★
有助于自我升值，提高国民教育水平
Nowadays
more
and
more
adults
especially
in
cities
spend
their
leisure
time
trying
to
improve
themselves
at
school
or
at
college.
According
to
a
recent
survey,
the
number
of
adult
students
in
2005 is more than 6 times that of 1995.
There are various reasons
for this
fantastic spurt in
adult education.
Some
people who are
employed go back for
education to acquire another degree or diploma.
To them more knowledge, or
rather,
more
credentials
means
more
opportunities
for
better
jobs
and
quicker
promotion.
Other
people especially those who are
temporarily unemployed go to residential schools,
open universities or
other training
institutions.
They are
eager to learn new skills since they are anxious
to return to the
job market.
Adults
continue
their
education
for
different
purposes,
but
they
share
a
common
goal--to
improve themselves.
And the spurt in adult education, in
turn, helps raise the intellectual standard
of the whole nation.
spurt
[spE:t]
突然的爆发
n.
名词
diploma
[di5plEumE]
文凭，毕业证书
n.
名词
credentials
证书
n.
名词
according to :
比照；按照；依据；依照
10
自助旅游还是跟团旅游
【中文提示】
★
自助旅游的好处：自由，灵活，时间充足
★
跟团旅游的好处：食宿，路线安排妥当，安全
★
作者选择自助旅游的原因：看风景
，了解民俗风情，结交朋友，宝贵经历
When it comes to travel,
some people will choose to go on an individual
tour while others want
to go on a
package tour.
Those
people
who
decide
to
go
on
an
individual
tour
argue
that
they
love
the
freedom
and
flexibility when they travel by
themselves--you can stay longer if you enjoy the
beautiful scenery there.
Furthermore, you will have more chances
to communicate with local residents or other
tourists from
all over the world, which
will be an exciting and unforgettable experience.
Those people who prefer
going
on
a
package
tour
maintain
that
you
do
not
have
to
worry
about
time,
route
and
accommodation,
which
enables
you
to
concentrate
on
the
beautiful
scenery
and
enchanting
local
customs.
Moreover, it is safer and less time-
consuming than individual touring.
In my opinion,
I prefer to go on a individual-tour whenever I go
traveling.
To begin with, I
want to visit not only the scenic spots
but also the common people.
Second, I enjoy making friends
along
the
route:
the
communication
with
them
helps
expand
my
vision
and
widen
my
horizon.
Furthermore, the difficulties I come
across during traveling can be part of my life
experiences.
flexibility
[7fleksE5biliti]
弹性，机动性
n.
名词
accommodation
[E7kCmE5deiFEn]
膳宿
n.
名词
enchanting
[in5tFB:ntiN]
迷人的
adj.
形容词
vision
[5viVEn]
眼力，远见
n.
名词
horizon
[hE5raizn]
范围，视野
n.
名词
in my opinion:
依我看来
come across:
遇见，碰上；发现
11
双学位
【中文提示】
★
近年，大学生读双学位成为一种现象
★
双学位的好处：学习效率的提高；
更多的竞争机会；找到好的工作
★
双学位利大于弊
Recently it has become a phenomenon for
college students to have two majors at the same
time.
In
this
way,
they
can
get
double
BA
degrees
when
they
graduate
from
the
university
several
years
later.
Although it may
bring unfavorable consequences, we can conclude
this practice is favorable on
the
whole.
To
begin
with,
most
students
will
become
more
hardworking
and
efficient
in
order
to
finish
the learning tasks satisfactorily.
Moreover, with two degrees after
graduation, they will stand
a
better
chance
in
the
job
market
full
of
fierce
competition.
As
for
today's
university
students,
tuition
fees
are
becoming
higher
and
higher.
If
they
can
make
achievements
in
study
in
the
university and find a
satisfactory job afterwards, it will not be a big
problem.
Weighing the pros and cons of such a
new trend, we can naturally come to the conclusion
that
it is beneficial and rewarding.
This system not only urges
students to work hard, but also prepares
them for the coming competition when
they enter real society.
phenomenon
[fi5nCminEn]
现象
n.
名词
efficient
[i5fiFEnt]
有效率的，能干的
adj.
形容词
tuition fee
学费
pros and cons
赞成与反对
at
the same time: adv.
同时，一齐
on the whole: adv.
大体上，总的来看
12
快速做决定
【中文提示】
★
人的一生当中要做很多决定
★
有人认为仓促作决定有错
★
作者认为，快速决定是最好的
★
偶尔快速决定，不一定总是错的
Everyone must make many decisions every
day of their life.
They
range from the trivial--tea or
coffee
for
breakfast--to
issues
of
life-
changing
importance,
such
as
whom
to
marry.
Some
people
make decisions
quickly, while others take as much time as
possible to consider all their options.
They
tend to
think that quick decisions are always wrong, but I
disagree.
As a matter of fact, quick decisions
are sometimes the best ones.
When faced with a difficult
choice,
it
is
often
our
first
instinct
that
is
the
best.
Moreover,
when
we
think
too
long
about
a
decision
we may become confused.
And
if we worry too much we may become so anxious that
we are
unable to make any decision at
all.
Last but not least,
some decisions are simply too trivial to spend
any time worrying about.
Long
consideration
does
not
guarantee
that
the
choice
we
make
will
be
the
right
one,
and
sometimes too much deliberation can
even lead us astray.
Therefore, I believe it is all right to
make a
quick decision now and then, it
won't always be wrong.
trivial
[5triviEl]
琐细的，微不足道的
adj.
形容词
instinct
[5instiNkt]
本能
n.
名词
guarantee
[7^ArEn5ti:]
保证
v.
动词
deliberation
[di7libE5reiFE n]
商议，考虑
n.
名词
lead sb. astray
引入歧途
make a decision:
决定下来
,
作出决定
;
下决心
tend to : v.
注意
,
趋向
s a matter of fact:
adv.
事实上；实际上
13
从游戏中学习人生
【中文提示】
★
游戏不仅是一种娱乐，也是一种学习方式
★
从游戏中得到生活感悟
★
游戏能锻炼人的能力
Games
have played an important role in nearly every
culture throughout history.
They are not
only
a
source
of
amusement,
but
also
an
important
way
of
learning.
Long
ago,
games
simulated
real-life situations and developed
skills useful in hunting and warfare, important
activities at that time.
Today, games can still teach us a lot
about life.
For
example, organized games can teach us how to work
as a team and get along with others.
Games
can
also
teach
us
how
to
win
and
lose
gracefully.
In
addition,
they
can
instill
a
sense
of
sportsmanship and fair play in young
people that will be useful in their future
endeavors.
Finally,
although
hunting
and
fighting
techniques
are
no
longer
essential,
games
can
still
help
us
develop
certain
practical
skills.
These
skills
may
be
physical
or
intellectual,
such
as
logical
thinking
developed by more
mentally challenging games.
In short, whatever type of
games people play, they get more from them than
just entertainment
and
relaxation.
Games
can
help
us
develop
abilities
that
will
assist
us
in
other
activities
in
life.
Therefore,
they are an invaluable way of learning about life.
amusement
[E5mju:zmEnt]
娱乐，消遣
n.
名词
simulate
[5simjuleit]
模拟，模仿
v.
动词
instill
[in5stil]
逐渐灌输思想
v.
动词
entertainment
[entE5teinmEnt]
娱乐
n.
名词
invaluable
[in5vAljuEbl]
无价的
adj.
形容词
get along :
融洽相处
be useful :
顶事，管用
14
从实践中学习
【中文提示】
★
实践是最有效的学习方法
★
理由：能记忆犹新；比理论知识更有用；能从中吸取教训
★
通过实践获得的知识有意义，所涉及的知识面更广泛
Learning is an essential
part of growing, and there are many ways in which
we learn.
We learn
from our parents, from our teachers in
school and from our friends.
All of these methods of learning
have their advantages, but the one that
is most effective for me is to learn by doing.
One
reason I prefer to learn by doing is because I
believe that experience is the best teacher.
Knowledge that I gain
through experience is the knowledge that I
remember best.
A second
reason is
that practical knowledge is
often more useful than theoretical knowledge when
dealing with problems
in everyday life.
Third, I can learn from the
process itself.
Even when I
make mistakes, I can learn
something
from them.
Finally, in this
way--learning by doing allows me to make my own
discoveries.
In
conclusion,
learning
through
experience
is
the
best
method
for
me
because
I
can
acquire
practical
knowledge and remember
my
lessons well.
In addition,
the knowledge I gain is
not only
meaningful,
but
also
wider
than
what
I
can
get
from
other
methods
of
learning.
Therefore,
I
will
continue to try to learn as much as
possible by doing things myself.
essential
[i5senFEl]
本质的，基本的
adj.
形容词
advantage
[Ed5vB:ntidV]
优势，有利条件
n.
名词
meaningful
[5mi:niNful]
意味深长的
adj.
形容词
deal with:
发落；经办；经手；应付
in
addition:
再加
,
加以，此外
15
选修课程
【中文提示】
★
作者观点，选修课程有益
★
能发现学生的天分与兴趣
★
激发学生的学习动力
★
使学生得到更全面的教育
The requirements of school
systems differ from place to place.
In some high schools, students
follow a strict program of study, while
in others they have the freedom to choose some of
their courses.
I believe
that it would be beneficial for all students to be
able to choose some of their courses.
One
reason
is
that
choosing
from
a
variety
of
courses
would
allow
students
to
explore
new
areas
of
study.
They
may
discover
a
new
talent
or
interest
and
broaden
their
horizons.
Another
reason
is
that
when
students
choose
their
own
courses
they
take
more
responsibility
for
them
and
really
try to do well.
They will
be more motivated to learn the material they want
to learn.
A final
reason is that making such choices in
high school will help prepare the students for
their university
lives.
In conclusion,
it is my belief that students benefit from being
able to choose courses they are
interested
in.
Of
course,
they
shall
still
take
some
required
subjects,
but
the
addition
of
elective
courses would
enable them to receive a more well-rounded
education.
Furthermore,
they might be
fortunate enough to
discover a lifelong interest at an early age.
beneficial
[beni5fiFEl]
有益的
adj.
形容词
talent
[5tAlEnt]
天资，天赋
n.
名词
responsibility
[ris7pCnsE5biliti]
责任，职责
n.
名词
motivated
[5mEutiveitid]
有动机的
adj.
形容词
well-rounded
全面的综合发展；均衡的
adj.
形容词
differ from:
不同于；和……不同；和……意见不一致
be able to:
能够
16
校园情侣
【中文提示】
★
校园里情侣出双入对
★
恋爱让人成熟
★
引起的负面影响
Have
you
ever
noticed
those
pairs
of
young
lovers
on
campus
who
dine
together,
go
to
the
reading room together
and depart unwillingly in front of the dorm
building?
They range from
age
17 to 22.
Far from home and alone, seeking
friendship, love and understanding, the boys and
girls
easily find comfort and
appreciation in each other.
On the one
hand, love really does good to the young's
development.
The
one with
brilliant
performance
in
study
can
be
the
encouragement
of
the
other.
They
compete
and
learn
from
each
other, making an
excellent match.
Also in
love, those who are accustomed to self-centered
ways of
thinking learn to take care of
others and be considerate of others.
They realize their responsibility as
well as their importance.
In a word, love makes one mature.
However,
on
the
other
hand,
we
cannot
ignore
the
side
effects
that
dating
brings
to
the
university
young.
Love
and
tenderness
take
time.
Frequently
going
out
on
a
date
may
result
in
frequent
absence
from
class,
which
will
undoubtedly
hold
up
their
learning
pace.
This
should
be
taken
seriously by those who indulge in sweet romance.
dorm
[dC:m]
寝室，宿舍
n.
名词
appreciation
[E7pri:Fi5eiFEn]
欣赏，仰慕
n.
名词
accustom
[E5kQstEm]
使适应，使习惯
v.
动词
absence
[5AbsEns]
缺席，缺课
n.
名词
indulge
[in5dQldV]
沉溺于，宠坏
v.
动词
each other:
彼此，互相
take care
of:
照顾
17
移动电话在学生中的普及
【中文提示】
★
学生用手机变得普遍起来
★
原因：便宜；方便；代表潮流
Means of modern
communication become more and more popular.
On streets, if we hear the
mobile
phone
sound,
it
is
no
longer
surprising
to
notice
the
sound
ringing
from
a
middle
school
student.
Moreover, the sight of the student
with
a school
bag
talking through a
mobile phone has
also become common, especially among
college students.
There
are
several
reasons
for
this
phenomenon.
On
one
hand,
mobile
phones
are
much
cheaper than before.
Some students with a good economic
background can afford the machine and
the
service
charge.
Besides,
it
is
really
convenient
for
parents
to
contact
their
children.
On
the
other hand, owning a
little phone is a certain kind of fashion.
The young are going after
it by nature.
So students
love it and will try to demonstrate their
modernity.
No
one
can
stop
the
spread
of
mobile
phones,
for
after
all
it
is
one
of
the
signs
of
a
modern
society.
But
students should have a clear mind on how to use
it.
It ought to be a useful
assistant but
not a troublemaker.
phenomenon
[fi5nCminEn]
现象
n.
名词
by nature
自然地
demonstrate
[5demEnstreit]
证明
v.
动词
no longer:
不再
after all:
毕竟，终究
18
出国留学的优点
【中文提示】
★
作作者不赞同出国留学是不好的观点
★
原因：出国符合全球化趋势；更具创造力；吸收新文化
★
支持出国留学
Nowadays a significant number of
students travel abroad to study.
Going abroad for further
study has become a popular trend.
Its benefits and
shortcomings have been argued and the majority
regard it as a bad phenomenon.
But I have a different
viewpoint.
As
we
can
see,
cultural
and
economic
communication
have
gone
beyond
national
borders,
and
traditional boundaries of human society
are falling away.
Students
go abroad and receive new views
or
ideas in the tendency of globalization.
Next,
students
pursue
their
further
study
under
an
all-new
educational
system,
which
enables
them to study much more creatively.
With the new technology and
experience, when they return to
their
homeland, they will contribute a lot to this
country's development.
Last but not least, as they have
learned about different cultures and language
environments, they
acquire some useful
and valuable skills and have a good command of, at
least, one foreign language,
which
will
benefit
the
exchanges
of
ideology
and
communications
between
this
country
and
other
nations.
For all the above benefits, priority
should be given to studying abroad.
border
[5bC:dE]
边界，界线
n.
名词
ideology
[7aidi5ClEdVi,
id-]
意识形态
n.
名词
regard as:
把……认作
at least:
至少
18
家教利与弊
【中文提示】
★
请家教的好处
★
请家教的不足之处
★
家教老师难尽其责
★
必要时请家教
A recent investigation
shows that about 80 percent of pupils have private
tutors.
People have
different attitudes towards home
tutoring bacause it has its advantages and
disadvantages.
As
private tutoring is usually one-to-one, the tutor
has a clear picture of the strong points as well
as the weak points of the student.
When the students meet with
difficulties in their
study, they can
turn
to
their
private
tutor
if
the
teacher
is
taking
care
of
other
students
in
the
class.
However,
private tutoring
has its own disadvantages.
For one thing, it takes up so much of
the students' time
that
they
can
hardly
find
enough
time
for
rest
and
entertainment,
which
are
essential
for
their
physical and mental
health.
For another, some
teachers, busy shuttling from one family to
another,
tend
to
neglect
their
regular
teaching
duties.
What's
more,
some
teachers
are
eager
to
helping
students
do
well
on
a
test,
offering
the
so-
called
test-taking
tips
rather
than
help
them
make
full-
grounded improvement.
Therefore,
only
moderate
tutoring
can
help
children
to
improve
their
learning
especially
for
those
who
lack
the
ability
to
study
by
themselves.
It
is
advisable
that
we
should
seek
help
from
private
tutors when it is necessary.
investigation
[in7vesti5^eiFEn]
调查；研究
n.
名词
tutor
[5tju:tE]
指导教师
n.
名词
shuttling
往返的
adj.
形容词
advisable
[Ed5vaizEbl]
适当的；可取的
adj.
形容词
take up:
拿起，开始从事，吸收，占据
from...to:
从哪……到哪
19
大学生创业
【中文提示】
★
大学生开始创业
★
大学时开始创业是个理想时期的原因
★
前提：确保学业不受影响
With Chinese universities turning out
as many as 3 million new graduates a year, the
nation is
quickly
discovering
the
need
to
equip
its
young
people
not
with
just
knowledge
but
the
courage
to
build
their own enterprises.
Although
mixing
academics
with
business
can
be
difficult,
college
may
actually
be
the
ideal
time to
pursue entrepreneurship.
There are several reasons.
First of all, college students are
often
free from the
Many students say they
are
able to take greater risks and spend more time
developing a business.
Besides, running a small
business
can
be
a
valuable
learning
experience
for
student
entrepreneurs,
for
example,
business
strategies,
managing
human
relationship,
serving
other
people
and
so
on.
In
this
way
adding
entrepreneurial knowledge to the menu
of the students' skills toughens them into the
nation's
future
leaders
of
business
development.
Last
but
not
least,
university
undergraduate
entrepreneurs
can
help society create jobs
to benefit the overall business environment of the
country.
In conclusion, college students should
try their hands at innovative undertakings on
campus.
However, one
prerequisite is that they have to assure their
studies will not be interfered with.
entrepreneur
[7CntrEprE5nE:]
企业家
n.
名词
entrepreneurial
企业家的
adj.
形容词
innovative
[`InEJveItIv]
创新的
adj.
形容词
prerequisite
[5pri:5rekwizit]
先决条件
n.
名词
interfere
[7intE5fiE]
干涉，干预
v.
动词
turn out:
驱逐，使外倾，生产
and so
on:
等等
20
英语能力与高薪
【中文提示】
★
以前可以找到好工作的先决条件
★
如今，英语成为找到好工作的必要条件
★
英语能力的高低直接关系到薪水的多还是少
Hard
working,
being
smooth
and
slick
in
handling
interpersonal
relationships
and
having
professional skills--they were once the
prerequisites for good jobs and a promotion.
But these days,
they are not enough.
When
applying
for
a
job,
applicants
are
always
required
to
demonstrate
their
English
capabilities, especially those in the
field of foreign trade.
They consider communicative competence
in
English
to
be
a
decisive
factor
in
hiring
a
potential
employee.
A
recent
survey
conducted
by
a
human resource website, which
interviewed thousands of company clerks and
government employees
in the country's
major cities, showed that there was a significant
gap between the salaries of people
with
different
proficiencies
in
English.
People
with
a
good
command
of
English
have
an
average
yearly income of
more than 53,000 yuan (US$$6,450) while those with
an intermediate level of English
have
an
average
yearly
income
standing
around
31,200
yuan
(US$$3,770).
Therefore
a
good
command of English often leads to a
higher salary in the job market, which partly
explains why many
Chinese people are
learning English in such unprecedented numbers
nowadays.
With the
Chinese economy and its society increasingly
moving into line with the outside world,
proficiency
in
English
has
become
essential
for
many
careers.
Good
English
capabilities
can
be
a
contributing
factor to jobseekers professional recognition and
career prospect.
slick
[slik]
办事圆滑的
adj.
形容词
prerequisite
[5pri:5rekwizit]
先决条件
n.
名词
competence
[5kRmpEtEns]
能力
n.
名词
intermediate
[7intE5mi:djEt]
中间的
adj.
形容词
unprecedented
[Qn5presidEntid]
空前的
adj.
形容词
recognition
[7rekE^5niFEn]
承认，公认
n.
名词
contribute to:
捐献
21
就业？考研？
【中文提示】
★
毕业后开始创业所带来的好处
★
继续深造也有好处
★
做出正确的选择
Will you focus your energy on finding
work, or apply for further education and training?
Choosing to
pursue a career can lead to a wide range of
benefits.
Firstly, after
eighteen or so
years of study, many
graduates find the transition from theoretical
study to practical work refreshing
and
excel
at
their
career.
Secondly,
earning
a
salary
brings
material
benefits.
Thirdly,
you
may
participate in domestic
and /or overseas business trips and enjoy a range
of company perks, from gym
membership
to free or subsidised health insurance.
On the other
hand if you choose wisely, completing a
postgraduate course will bring intellectual
and
material
benefits.
For
first
degree
holders,
postgraduate
study
can
offer
you
the
chance
to
pursue extended research,
enter the world of work at a higher salary level
than your bachelor degree
holding
colleagues, or acquire vocational training and
skills.
While
at
first
it
may
feel
a
little
daunting
to
choose
between
entering
the
world
of
work
or
pursuing a higher
education, be assured, your decision can't be
wrong if it's well thought out.
theoretical
[WiE5retikEl]
理论的
adj.
形容词
excel
[ik5sel]
擅长；胜过
v.
动词
perk
[pE:k]
额外津贴
n.
名词
subsidised
给予补助金的
adj.
形容词
daunting
使人畏缩的
adj.
形容词
apply for:
申请
lead to:
导致，诱致，通连，引出
22
大学生结婚
【中文提示】
★
校园婚姻成为一种趋势
★
反对者认为不理智；有人认为感情成熟与年龄无关
★
为什么大学生会选择结婚
★
什么才是美好的婚姻
Nowadays, with the green light given to
China's education authority, there is a noticeable
trend
toward campus marriage, which
aroused a hot debate among people.
Many people are opposed to
this
marriage,
they
think
that
such
marriages
are
not
rational,
while
others
maintain
that
emotional
maturity
is
no
respecter
of
birthdays;
it
does
not
arrive
automatically
at
twenty-one
or
twenty-five.
Some achieve it surprisingly early
while others never do even at thirty-five.
Many students
are marrying as an escape, not only from an
unsatisfactory home life, but also
from
their
own
problems
of
isolation
and
loneliness.
Unfortunately,
marriage
seldom
solves
one's
problems.
More often, it magnifies them.
Furthermore, their
expectations of marriage are too high
and essentially utopian, and therefore
incapable of fulfillment.
Shall
we,
then,
lament
over
campus
marriage?
One
cannot
generalize.
Satisfactory
marriages
are
not
determined
by
time
but
by
the
emotional
maturity
of
the
partners.
As
long
as
young
couples
can
handle
properly
the
issue
of
students,
marriage
and
family,
as
long
as
it
is
economically feasible,
they can get married while being a college
student.
trend
[trend]
趋势
n.
名词
arouse
[E5rauz]
引起
v.
动词
rational
[5rAFEnl]
理性的
adj.
形容词
maintain
[men5tein]
主张
v.
动词
maturity
[mE5tjuEriti]
成熟
n.
名词
respecter
[ris5pektE]
尊敬者
n.
名词
magnify
[5mA^nifai]
扩大，放大
v.
动词
utopian
[ju:5tEupjEn]
乌托邦的，空想的
adj.
形容词
lament
[lE5ment]
为…感到悲痛
v.
动词
opposed to:
相反的，对立的
23
第二职业
【中文提示】
★
第二职业给第一职业构成威胁
★
追求第二职业的人的看法
★
第二职业产生的问题
★
作者观点
With
the
quickened reform pace, taking up second
professions has become a new trend in all
walks of life.
Now more and more people are taking
part-time jobs, which has constituted a serious
threat to first professions.
Many people
feel positive about the increasing number of
people pursuing second professions.
They say this is a natural outgrowth of
the changing economy and growing market demands.
Some
people can
fully use their energy and time.
People also want to increase their
income without losing
the benefits of
the
However, some people
think the trend also creates problems.
For
example, if a teacher
takes up a second profession, it would be unlikely
that he can guarantee the high
teaching
quality.
After all, school
is a place for teaching, and a teacher's care
should be students, not
the money.
Personally,
I
think
taking
up
the
second
profession
can
quicken
the
pace
of
economic
development, enrich our experience and
increase our income.
However, it is not advisable to spend
too much time on it, because we need
time to study further and improve our skills to
carry out the
duty of our profession
well.
Never overreach
ourselves to follow the fashion.
pursue
[pE5sju:]
追求，寻找
v.
动词
iron-bowl
铁饭碗
n.
名词
take up:
开始花时间（从事某项活动）
so
as to:
为的是；以便
24
顾客就是上帝
【中文提示】
★
市场销售是以消费者为中心的
★
原因：分析消费需求
★
迎合消费者需求
Common production focuses on the needs
of the seller to produce goods and then convert
them
into money while marketing focuses
on the wants of consumers.
It begins with first
analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers
and then producing
goods that will
satisfy them.
This eye-on-
the-consumer approach is known as the marketing
concept,
which simply means that
instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to
produce or buy for resale, the
makers
and
dealers
first
endeavor
to
find
out
what
the
consumer
wants
to
buy
and
then
go
about
making
it
available
for
purchase.
This
concept
does
not
imply
that
business
is
benevolent
or
that
consumer
satisfaction
is
given
priority
over
profit
in
a
company.
Successful
merchants
and
producers, however,
recognize that the surest route to profit is
through understanding and catering to
customers.
A
striking
example
of
the
importance
of
catering
to
the
consumer
presented
itself
in
mid-1985, when Coca Cola
changed the flavor of its drink.
The non-acceptance of the new flavor by
a significant portion of the public
brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic
Coke, which was
then marketed alongside
the new.
In
a
market
of
sellers
and
buyers,
the
orientation
of
all
the
business
transactions
lies
in
the
demand of
customers.
So King Customer
rules!
convert
[kEn5vE:t]
转变；变换
v.
动词
preference
[5prefErEns]
偏爱
n.
名词
endeavor
[in5devE]
努力，尽力
v.
动词
benevolent
[bi5nevElEnt]
慈善的
adj.
形容词
orientation
[7C(:)rien5teiFEn]
方向，定位
n.
名词
convert into:
转变；转化；转换
bring
about:
引起；导致；造成；带来
25
成功的面试＝好工作
【中文提示】
★
为什么面试是一个最重要的环节
★
面试成功的技巧：搜集信息；注意细节；询问结果
★
知己知彼才能百战百胜
The job interview is the single most
important part of getting a job.
It's your chance to show
your
future
bosses
how
much
you
fit
in
the
position;
furthermore,
you
also
can
obtain
an
explicit
impression of the company and the
employer.
It gives the
potential employee and potential employer
a chance to learn more about each
other.
Here are some tips you should follow in
order to have a successful job interview.
For the first
thing,
gather
as
much
information
on
the
company
as
you
can
before
the
interview.
You
must
impress the interviewer
with your knowledge about the company and the
industry.
Secondly, there
are
some
details
about
personal
behaviours
you
should
pay
attention
to
during
the interview.
For
example,
offer
up
your
firmest
handshake;
make
eye
contact;
sit
up
straight;
smile;
speak
up--
but
never interrupt; nod; be prepared
for common questions; etc.
One last great tip about the interview
is,
don't
think
it's
the
end
of
the
interview
when
you
walk
out
of
the
interview
room.
Send
a
thank-you
letter or make a follow-up phone call after the
interview.
As long as you pay attention to the
above aspects when you are to have a job
interview, you will
be confident to
succeed in the interview and get the job you love.
explicit
[iks5plisit]
明确的，清楚的
adj.
形容词
interrupt
[7intE5rQpt]
打断，中断
v.
动词
pay attention to:
注意
succeed in:
成功；达成
26
与老板“亲密接触”
【中文提示】
★
跟老板打好交道是个必胜的法宝
★
以老板的角度看问题
★
提高抱怨的技巧
★
和老板建立起良好的关系
Consciously
working
with
your
superior
to
obtain
the
best
results
for
you,
your
boss
and
the
company is a definite
winning strategy.
But how
does this work, exactly?
One way is to help your
boss see that you are looking at issues from his
or her perspective--not
just from your
own.
So if your boss is
saying NO to your killer idea because there are
insufficient
funds, don't just grouse.
Ask your boss what's needed
to move forward and how you can help.
Whatever
the
boss'
concerns,
address
them--meaningfully
and
quickly.
Because
by
solving
the
boss's concerns, you subtly influence him or her
to work more on yours.
Another
key
is
in
improving
how
to
complain.
Most
complaints
are
caused
by
broken
commitments, stated
or otherwise.
Therefore,
when making a complaint, it's essential that you
are
able
to:
Clearly
and
crisply
state
your
complaint
and
its
impact
without
getting
defensive
or
aggressive.
If
your complaint is properly addressed, be sure to
say,
If it's not, say,
Developing a good relationship with
your boss
is
vital
for a low-stress,
high-reward working
life and
you are in control.
consciously
有意识地
adv.
副词
perspective
[pE5spektiv]
判断事物的方法；眼力
n.
名词
insufficient
[7insE5fiFEnt]
不足的，不够的
adj.
形容词
defensive
[di5fensiv]
自卫的
adj.
形容词
aggressive
[E5^resiv]
侵略性的，攻击性的
adj.
形容词
vital
[5vaitl]
至关重要的
adj.
形容词
superior to:
质量或价值更好的
27
怎么叫老板加薪
【中文提示】
★
找业内人士确认平均薪水
★
预先做后备计划
★
更加努力工作
After working at the same
job for some time, most people feel that they
deserve a raise in pay.
Just because you think you deserve a
raise doesn't mean that anyone else agrees with
you.
The
first
thing
to
do
is
to
check
with
people
in
a
similar
field
as
you
to
see
how
much
the
average raise is.
If you go in asking for too much or too
little they will either think you are greedy or
that
you
have
no
self
worth.
List
any
and
all
of
your
accomplishments
and
contributions
to
the
company.
As
your
boss
usually
will
want
to
lower
your
request
by
a
little,
make
your
request
slightly
higher
than
the
amount
that
you
would
be
happy
with.
If
your
boss
rejects
your
request,
have
a
backup
plan
ready.
Ask
if
instead
of
a
increase
in
your
salary
that
you
would
like
more
paid
vacation time, stock options, or maybe
a membership to the local gym.
Finally once
you get your raise do not think that you can let
up in the amount of work you do.
In fact you should try to do a few
extra things to show your boss that you really did
deserve the raise
you received.
deserve
[di5zE:v]
应受，值得
v.
动词
accomplishment
[E5kCmpliFmEnt]
成就，完成
n.
名词
reject
[ri5dVekt]
拒绝，否决
v.
动词
let up
停止，放松
ask for:
邀请
let up:
减弱；停止；放松
28
办公室恋情
【中文提示】
★
办公室恋情成为一种普遍现象
★
办公室恋情的优点：节省时间；深入了解
★
不利因素：容易产生摩擦；影响到工作效率
Office romance is fairly
common these days as we spend a third or more of
our lives in the office
or other places
of work.
It is a non-
threatening environment where we have an
opportunity to meet
potential dating
partners and learn more about them than just what
they look like.
There are many issues--both positive
and negative--to consider before engaging in
office romance.
One of the
positive aspects is time efficiency, since you no
longer need to search for a significant other
in the evening.
A second advantage to dating someone in
the workplace is that since you spend so
many hours together at work, you
already have an idea of what they are like. This
can save you from
lots of headaches
down the road.
Office romances also have their
drawbacks.
The fact that
couples are in constant contact with
one another day and night may cause
friction within the relationship, as everyone
needs
to pursue hobbies or hang out
with friends.
Besides,
office romances may interfere with individuals
abilities
to
perform
their
professional
duties.
There
is
obvious
potential
for
conflicts
of
interest
between office
situations and relationships.
Besides all the
aforementioned, the bottom line is if you truly
fall in love with someone, will you
really care where he/she works?
potential
[pE5tenF(E)l]
潜在的
adj.
形容词
drawback
[5drC:7bAk]
缺点
n.
名词
friction
[5frikFEn]
摩擦
n.
名词
aforementioned
[E`fR:9menFEnd]
前面讲到的
adj.
形容词
fall in love:
相爱；爱上
29
如何舒缓工作压力
【中文提示】
★
办公时间怎样舒缓压力：小憩，做一些简单的事情
★
不同的时间段做不同的工作
★
听音乐来舒缓压力
The time you spend at the office may be
the most stressful part of your day, but it
doesn't have
to
be.
You
have
a
greater
ability
to
shape
your
office
environment
than
you
may
realize.
Take
breaks throughout the day.
It will help clear your mind and
relieve pressure.
Something
as simple
as going to the water cooler
for a drink may do the trick.
Enroll in a
noontime or an after-work exercise class.
This will give you a chance
to unwind
and a way to relieve stress.
To help your workday go
smoothly, try pacing your activities:
Do more
demanding work in
the morning, when your energy level is higher, and
easier work later in the day,
when you
may be tired.
Try
listening
to
music
recordings,
such
as
a
pounding
surf
or
songbirds,
to
help
you
relax.
Use headphones if youl be
listening to them in the middle of the workday.
If your stress comes from
job insecurity, take stock of yourself.
Update your resume, and
remind yourself of your skills and
strengths.
Also,
make sure you keep up with new developments in
your field.
This will make
you
valuable to employers.
do the trick
获得成功
enroll
[In5rEJl]
加入；入会
v.
动词
relieve
[ri5li:v]
减轻，缓解
v.
动词
pounding
[5paundiN]
打击
n.
名词
insecurity
[7insi5kjuEriti]
不安全感
n.
名词
make sure:
查明；弄确实
keep up with:
赶得上
30
广告
【中文提示】
★
广告的真正影响
★
广告设计的用意和目的是什么
★
应该以判断的眼光看待广告
We are all exposed to
advertisements every day and their effect cannot
be denied.
While it is
true that some advertisements do
provide useful information about new products, I
believe that their
primary effect is to
encourage people to buy things that they don't
really need.
First of all, most advertising does not
introduce a brand-new product.
Instead, it is designed
to
persuade consumers that one company's product is
superior to that of another company.
Second,
when a product is
new, the advertising is often designed to create
demand for it.
In other
words, its
goal is to convince
potential buyers that this new product is really
necessary, whether or not it actually
is.
Third,
many
advertisements
are
image
ads,
designed
to
sell
people
luxury
products.
The
ads
imply that by buying
such products the consumer will gain something
else such as happiness, respect
or
love.
That is not to say that the
advertisements are deceptive.
They are simply designed to create a
need
for
the
product
among
consumers.
Therefore,
we
should
all
look
at
advertisements
with
a
critical
eye in order to avoid buying things that are not
necessary.
be
exposed to
接触
deny
[di5nai]
否认；否定
v.
动词
superior
[sju:5piEriE]
较好的，出众的
adj.
形容词
luxury product
奢侈品
deceptive
[di5septiv]
不实的；欺骗的
adj.
形容词
expose to:
（使）暴露
in order
to:
为了……起见；以……为目的
31
打折销售，不再有效
【中文提示】
★
原因：消费者变理智；怀疑打折背后的真相
★
销售方面应发展新技术
Discounts
are
a
much-used
means
of
attracting
customers
and
promoting
the
sales
of
some
products.
However, after years of craze about
discounts, it is rapidly losing its appeal.
There
are
several
reasons
for
this.
First,
customers
are
more
mature
and
sensible
when
buying.
They
are
more
careful
about
their
money
and
have
a
more
reasonable
budget.
Second,
customers begin to suspect what is
behind the attractive appearance of discount.
How much money
are the articles on sale really worth?
And how much more money may
the sellers earn if they sell
them at
original prices?
Therefore
discounts seem to them more like a trap than a
good bargain.
In my view, discounting is not a cure-
all for sellers.
Some
sensible enterprises wisely stick to
improving quality and adding more
variety to their products as their market
strategy.
And above all,
I
should
say,
as
customers
become
more
and
more
mature,
the
sellers
have
to
come
out
with
new
techniques to adapt
themselves to the ever-changing customer-oriented
market.
promote
[prE5mEut]
促进
v.
动词
appeal
[E5pi:l]
请求，吸引力
n.
名词
sensible
[5sensEbl]
明智的
adj.
形容词
budget
[5bQdVit]
预算
n.
名词
bargain
[5bB:^in]
便宜货
n.
名词
cure-all
灵丹妙药
n.
名词
adapt
[E5dApt]
使适应
v.
动词
on sale:
出售
above all:
尤其是；最重要的是
31
存钱还是花钱？
【中文提示】
★
传统思想：存钱；现代思想：花钱
★
作者观点，鼓励花钱
★
消费带来的好处
Most people, especially people rooted
in old Chinese traditions, tend to save money.
However,
more
and more people with modern ideas tend to spend
money and even use their future money by
applying to the bank for loans.
As
for me, I am of the opinion that people should be
encouraged to spend their money.
And I
think it is of far-
reaching significance.
In
the first place, consuming helps the circulation
of currency
and
speeds
up
our
production.
Besides,
with
active
consumption
and
production,
there
will
be
an
impetus to the
development of our economy.
Moreover, with the thriving of our
economy, people's
living standards will
be improved and certainly their income will be
increased, that is people will have
more money to enjoy themselves.
From what has been discussed above, we
may draw the conclusion that spending money plays
an important role in the development of
our economy, so we should encourage people to
spend more
of their money instead of
depositing all of their money in the bank.
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