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高中英语阅读理解
一、
明白文章的类型、结构
在阅读文章时，要观察文章属于什么类型，什么结构。这有助于迅速找到答案。一般说来，新闻报道
的开头就把发生的事一目了然地写出来，所以，新闻报道的第一段是最重要的，接下来才
讲述事情的经过
及细节。
而议论文章也喜欢这种形式，
开门见山提出观点，
再进行论述。
说明文章喜欢
一点一点分开说明。
广告词喜欢用简练、缩略的语言方式进行表达，有时比较迷惑人。例
如：
Share flat,
Goodhope Valley nice flat. The other room ready
for use immediately, quiet and convenient, fully
furnished, park view, P.W. including
bills of phone and power.
Female non-smoker. No pet.
Helen:2525744.
Q: Helen wants to ____________.
A. Find another lady to
share the cost of a flat.
B. Share her room in a flat with a lady
who has no pet.
C. Rent a
flat of her own at P.W.
D.
Find a flat in Goodhope V
alley with
park view.
很多同学选
B
或
C
，但正确答案为
A
。
选
B
的同学是因为受广告词末端“
No pet
”的影响而忽略了“
share her
room in a flat
”的意思：在一个
套间中共用她
的房间。而广告的第二句“
The other room ready for
use immediately, quiet and convenient, fully
furnished, park view
”明确表明，另一
间房马上就可以用。这证明不是共用一间房，而是共用一套间，故选
A
< br>，选
C
的同学则主要是受“
P.
W.
”的影响，而忽略了“
Rent a flat of
her own
”
。
二、
多积累、运用综合知识
知识是相互联系的，特别是现代考试，内容广泛灵活，多种知识互相覆盖，平时多积累综合知识，有
利于阅读理解的提高。例如：
A newer theory is that increasing
daylight stimulates(
刺激
)
certain glands(
腺
) in the
birds body and prepares
it for
migration. One scientist is able to make birds
migrate in midwinter by exposing them for two
months to
artificial(
人造的
)
daylight. Recoveries of marked birds indicate that
they fly north as soon as they are set free.
The conclusion is that the urge to
migrate is determined by changes in the birds?
body which take place under
seasonal
changes in the length of daylight.
Q: The birds fly north in midwinter
because ____________.
A.
They are specially trained by a scientist.
B. They are affected by
seasonal changes.
C. A
change in their body temperature.
D. They are exposed to
extra daylight.
这是一道生物和地理知识
相结合的题目。
很多同学选
B
，但答案
是
D
。主要是受最后一句的影响：
“结
论表明迁徙的欲望由鸟的身体变化决定，而这种变化是在日照长度变化的季节发生的”<
/p>
。这句话的意思是
说鸟的迁徙由日照的长短决定。但同学不理解，
认为季节变化决定日照长短的说法不够准确，只能说日照
的长短与季节有关。实际上，根
据地理知识，我们可以知道，在北极或南极日照时间有明显变化，但季节
变化不明显。可
见，知识面广有助于正确理解文章。其实本文中第二句就是答案，而最后一句只是进一步
说明这一点。
三、
长句的分析与理解
阅读理解设问的依据往往就在从句上，因此如果对长句的理解不彻底或不准确，从句与从句之间的衔
接脱钩，就会导致对整个段落理解的错误，自然也选不出正确答案。例如：
< br>
Gas b
oard
men looking for a leak told a shop girl there was
?not enough gas kill a mouse. Less than five
hours later the shopping area, in which
21 people died, lay in ruins from an explosion,
the blast inquiry was told
yesterday.
Her boss, Mr. Robertson, 30, said that on the day
of the explosion he rang the gas board for an
inspector
after he learned that the men
who were digging the road outside were
subcontractor (
次承包人
).
Q: Mr. Robertson telephoned
the Gas Board because___
A.
He could smell gas.
B. He wanted an inspector to come to
his shop and look for a gas leak.
C. He fell that there would be an
explosion. D. The men digging the road outside
were from the gas board.
1
很多同学选
B
，但正确答案为
D
。选错的原因
是对
after
引导的状语从句理解不当，该状语从句里又有<
/p>
宾语从句和定语从句，也受第一句的影响：
Gas board
men looking for a leak told a shop girl
??正在找漏气
的煤气公司的人告诉女店员没有足够的气体杀死一个老鼠。所以部分同学
认为，打电话给煤气公司是找检
察员来检查煤气漏气。其实不然，第二句是复合句，才是
答案，理解为：
Mr. Robertson
得知在外面挖路的
人不是煤气公司的人（而是次承包人）后，才打电话给煤气公司并要求派人来检查此事。
四、
学会猜词
在阅读时肯定会碰到未学的单词，所以必须学会猜词，以免让生词成为阅读的障碍。猜词时可把选择
项的词汇逐个代入原句中，看哪一个词最为合理。例如：
It is a fact that young men
are more romantic than young women, young men fall
in love at the drop of a hat.
Q: What dose the underlined phrase most
probably mean?
A. very much
B. very lovely
C. easily
D. slowly
只要把
A
、
B
、
C
、
D
分别代入“
at the drop of hat
”的位置便知：
A
非常，
B
非常可爱，
C
容易，
D
缓
慢，只有
C
合理。全句意为：年轻男人比年
轻女人浪漫是事实，年轻男人容易陷入情网。
提高阅读理解效果的途径还有很多，必须在平时多练多总结。
五、一些解题技巧
一）识别最佳选项。
1.
识别包含项。某项的内容概括了其他三项
。如：
1). What must you learn to
be tolerant of if you live in a dormitory?
A. Your
roommate
?
s telephone calls
B. Habits that ma
y differ
from your own
C. Visits by
your roommate
?
s friends
D.
Roommates who are unsanitary
2). The
three examples are cited to show that _______.
A. Quit smoking is
necessary
B. Healthy habits benefit our
h
ealth
C. Fruits and
vegetables are better than milk.
D. We should
drink more water every day.
2.
识别正反项。两项内容矛盾或相反，其中一个可能是选项
。如：
1). According
to the passage, listening only with ears may
happen to us when ______.
A. we are emotionally tired
B. we are physically
disabled
C. we are so
interested in the topic
D. we are asked many questions
2). There is unlikely any life on Venus
because ______.
A. it has
very thin atmosphere
B.
the surface temperature is too hot
C.
the weather is too cold
D.
it is extremely short of water
3.
保留委婉项，排除绝对项
。委婉项用词：
prob
ably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more
or less,
relatively, be likely to, not
necessary, although, yet, in addition, tend to, be
liable to
(
可能
)
等。
绝对项：
must, always, never, the
most, all, every, any, merely, only, completely,
none, hardly, already
等。
1
）
(
连云港四模
66
）
From the last
paragraph we can conclude that Dr. Robbie Adler-
Tapia agrees that
A.
p
arents should regard making
friends as something that just happens
B.
i
t's wise for
parents to support and encourage healthy peer
relationships
C.
p
arents only need to help
their children to cope with difficult social
situations
D.
p
arents are supposed to
encourage their children to make as many friends
as they can
2) (
连云港四模
69
）
Due to the digital
rights management,
________.
e-book should be
tied to a specific device
B.
p
eople should upgrade their
devices regularly
s are
likely to lose access to their purchase
D.
only
purchasers can download the book without limit
4.
识别同形项
< br>。几个选项形式与结构上相似，其中可能存在正确答案。
1).
（南京模拟
65
）
Visiting photographers should make sure that __________.
A. pictures and videos are allowed for
personal use anywhere in the Gallery
B. pictures and
videos can be taken in some places for personal
use
2
C.
picture-taking and videoing are totally forbidden
in the Gallery
D. tripods
are allowed except in some special exhibitions
2).
（江苏
66
）
Why did Jack think Mr.
Belser died years ago?
A. College and career
prevented him from remembering Mr. Belser.
B.
Jack was too busy with his business and family to
think about Mr. Belser.
C. Jack was too busy
realizing his dreams to think about Mr.
Belser.
D. His present busy life
washed away his children memories.
5. <
/p>
识别常识项
。符合哲理和一般规律的选项可能是正确选项。
（江苏
61
）
We learn from the passage that
__________.
A. all living things on the
E
arth depend on the Sun for their
food
（尽管是绝对项）
B. a forest
looks dark in winter because it absorbs solar
energy
C. only 0.023% of the energy from the
Sun is made use of on the Earth
D.
greenhouse gases allow heat energy to escape from
the Earth
?
s surface
二）
区分文章体裁
：
记叙文：重点注意人物的言行，事件的经过。
描写文：人或物的特征。
说明文：介
绍事物性质、特点和内在联系。阅读重点为寻找和归纳主题句或结论。
议论文：阐明事物性质，表明作者的观点和看法。阅读重点是捕捉作者的观点，注意首、尾段。如：
The
writer
?
s purpose in writing
this story is________.
A.
to tell an interesting experience
(
记叙文
)
B. to show the easiest way out of a
difficulty
（说明文）
C. to
describe the trouble facing a newly married woman
（描写文）
D. to prove
the difficulty of learning to cook from books
(
议论文）
练习：说出下面四个选项分别是什么体裁的：
This passage was probably written
to__________.
A. tell about
Edison
?
s inventions
B. explain
electricity
C. prove that people wished to honor
Edison
D. show what a great man Edison was
三）主旨大意题，
即
main
idea
或
the best
title
题。
1.
迅速剔除选项中的涉及到原文细节、
具体事实或议论文的论据，选择能概括出
来全文、
照顾到各方的选
项；剔除离题太远、过度概括、只概括
几段或几句话的选项。如：
（湖北卷
D
）
76. What is the main idea
of this passage?
A. We should balance
work with rest.
(
照顾到
w
ork
和
rest
双方
)
B. The Sabbath gives us
permission to rest.
(
具体事实
)
C. It is silly for anyone to say “I am
busy.”
（原文细节）
D. We should be available to our family
and friends.
（只概括几句话）
再如：
（重庆卷
A
）
59. Which of the following would be the
best title?
A. A quilt show
B. Mother's home
C. A Monday dinner
D.
Grandmother's quilt
又如：
（连云港四
模
59
）
Which of the
following is the best title for the passage?
A. A Highly Skilled Swimmer
B. The
Unsinkable Diana Nyad
C. A Regrettable Experience
D. The Inspiring Adventure
2.
注意头、
尾，
< br>文中作者多次重复的观点以及带有以下文字提示的地方。如
therefore,
thus, but, however, in
short
等。
（北京卷
D
篇）
（首段）
When it comes to
friends, I desire those who will share my
happiness, who possess wings of their
own and who will fly with me. I seek
friends whose qualities
illuminate
（照亮）
me and train
me up for love.
It is for these people
that I reserve the glowing hours, too good not to
share.
3
…
.
（尾段）
It is such comforting
companions I wish to keep. One bright hour with
their kind is worth more to me
than the
lifetime services of a psychologist
（心理学
家）
，
who will only fill up the
healing
（愈合的）
silence
necessary to those darkest moments in
which I would rather be my own best friend.
70. What is the best title for the
passage?
A. Unforgettable Experiences
B.
Remarkable Imagination
C. Lifelong
Friendship
D. Noble Companions
3.
向自己提问，排除干扰。所给四个选项，拿每一个让你写
文章，你能写出什么样的文体和内容。
（湖北卷
C
篇）
72. Which would be
the best title for the passage?
A. Allen, A
Helpless Driver
B. Wasps,
Bloody Killers
C. A Race
Against Death
D.
War Against Wasps
练习
1
：
The best title for this passage
may be _______.
A. Economic
rules
B. Laws of supply and
demand
C. More goods, lower prices
D. Fewer goods, higher prices
练习
2
：
On
the
day
of
Edison
?
s
funeral,
many
people
silently
dimmed(
使暗淡
)
their
lights.
In
this
way
they
honored the man who had done more than
anyone else to put the great force of electricity
at this countrymen
?
s
fingertips.
The best title
for this passage is ________.
A. Edison
?
s
funeral
B.
Edison
?
s inventions
C. People
?
s
respect for Edison
D. Electricity
练习
3:
(
上海卷
) We are all interested
in equality, but while some people try to protect
the school and examination
system in
the name of equality, others, still in the name of
equality, want only to destroy it.
The
passage mainly focuses on __________.
A. schools and certificates
B. examination and equality
C. opportunity and employment
D. standards and reputation
四）细节理解题
。大多为
Wh-
问句、是非判断题、计算（时间、距离、价格等）
、排序、图形比较等
。注
意：
1.
先看题，再作答。
2.
某个题目可能涉及几处原文。
如
(
连云港三模
70) Which is
the correct order about the life of Victor?
①
Victor?s mother passed
away.
②
Victor got help from the
professor and other scientists.
③
Victor went to university
and attended the professor?s talk.
④
Victor found the answer to
giving life to things that were dead.
⑤
Victor experienced a
storm, seeing the lightning destroying the tree.
A.
①
②
③
④
⑤
B.
⑤
①
②
④
③
C.
①
③
②
⑤
④
D.
⑤
①
③
②
④
练习：
（
江苏高考
A
篇）
The Marches were a happy
family. Poverty, hard work and even the fact that
Father March
was away with the Union
armies could not down the spirits of Meg, Jo,
Beth, Amy, and Marmee, as the March
girls called their mother.
56. The members of the March family
were Father March, Mrs. March and their ________.
A.
four daughters
B. five daughters
C. son and four daughters
D.
son and five daughters
（陕西卷
B
）
Photographs
are
everywhere.
They
decorate
(
装饰
)
the
walls
of
homes
and
are
used
in
stores
for
sales
of
different goods. The news is filled
with pictures of fires, floods, and special
events. Photos record the beauties of
nature. They can also bring things
close that are far away. Through photos, people
can see wild animals, cities in
foreign
lands, and even the stars in outer space. Photos
also tell stories.
Reporting
the
news
through
photos
is
called
photojournalism.
At
times
photojournalists
tell
their
stories
through a single
picture. At other times, they use a group of
pictures to tell a story. Each picture is like a
chapter in
a book, which can do more
than record the facts. It can also be a strong
force for social change.
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