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Chapter 2
the description of
the following sound segments in English.
1. [
?
] voiceless
dental fricative
2.
[
?
]: voiceless postalveolar
fricative
3.
[?]
: velar nasal
4. [d]: voiced alveolar
stop
5. [p]: voiceless bilabial stop
6.
[k]: voiceless velar stop
7. [l]: alveolar lateral
8. [i]: high front lax
unrounded vowel
9. [u:]: high back tense
rounded vowel
10.
[
?
]: low back lax rounded
vowel
III. Give
the IPA symbols for the sounds that correspond to
the descriptions below.
1.
voiceless labiodental fricative: [f]
2.
voiced
postalveolar fricative: [
?
]
3.
palatal
approximant: [j]
4.
voiceless glottal fricative: [h]
5.
voiceless
alveolar stop: [t]
6.
high-mid front unrounded vowel: [i]
7.
high central
rounded vowel: []
符号里没找到，就是在语音
[U]
上划一横
8.
low front
rounded vowel:
[
?
]
9.
low-mid back
rounded vowel: [
?
]
10. high back rounded tense
vowel: [u:]
V
.
Discuss the following questions.
4) To what extent is phonology related
to phonetics and how do they differ?
Phonetics
is
the
branch
of
linguistics
studying
the
characteristics
of
speech
sounds
and
provides
methods
for
their
description,
classification
and
transcription.
Phonology
is
the
study
of
sound
systems
that
occur
in
a
language
and
the
patterns
where
they
fall
in.
Minimal
pairs,
phonemes,
allophones,
free
variation,
complementary distribution, etc., are
all to be investigated by a phonologist.
Both are concerned with the same aspect
of language----the speech sounds. But
they differ in their approach and
focus.
Phonetics is of general nature;
it is interested in all the speech sounds used in
all
human
languages;
it
focuses
on
chaos.
Phonology
aims
to
discover
how
speech
sounds
in a language form patterns and how these sounds
are used to convey meaning
in
linguistic communication. A phonologist studies
what he believes are meaningful
sounds
related with their semantic features,
morphological features, and the way they
are conceived and printed in the depth
of the mind. Phonological knowledge permits a
speaker to produce sounds which form
meaningful utterances, to recognize a foreign
“accent”, to make up new words, to add
the appropriate phonetic segments to form
plurals and past tenses, to know what
is and what is not a sound in one?s language. It
focuses on order.
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