-
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句
100
句精析
p>
1. While warnings
are often appropriate and necessary
—
the dangers of drug
interactions,for
example
—
and
many
are
required
by
state
or
federal
regulations,it
isn't
clear
that
they
actually
protect the manufacturers and sellers
from liability if a customer is injured.
【译文】
尽管警告常常是适当而且
必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告
——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定
要求给出的,
然而
(
我们
)
并不清楚,
如果顾客受到伤
害时,这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。
【分析】
在这个主从复合句中,
it isn't clear
that they actually protect the manufacturers
and sellers from liability if a
customer is injured
是主句。主句用了一个形式主语
it
,真正的主
语是
tha
t
引导的从句,而
that
从句之后是
一个
if
引导的条件从句。从句由两个部分组成,
中间用
and
连接。
破折号
之间的部分是举例说明
warnings
的内容。
注意:
many are required by
state or federal regulations
中的
many
是指
many
warnings
。
2.
Additional social stresses may also occur because
of the population explosion or problems
arising from mass migration
movements
—
themselves made
relatively easy nowadays by modern
means of transport .
【译文】
由于人口猛增或大量人口流
动
(
现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易
)
所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
【分析】
句子主干结构是
Additional social
stresses may also occur because
of...
简单句
+
because
of
表示的原因状语,整句翻译应该根据先原因后结果的原则,
将主句放在最后;
because
of
后面有两个宾语
the population
explosion or problems
;
名词
problems
带有现在分词
短语作后置定语
arising from mass migration
movements
;
themse
lves
指前面的名词短语
mass
migration movements
,后面的过去分词短
语是
themselves
的定语。
3. There exists a social
and cultural disconnect between journalists and
their readers,which
helps explain why
the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem
alien to many readers.
【译文】
新闻记者和读者之间存在着
社会和文化方面的脱节,这就是为什么新闻编辑
室的“标准模式”似乎与许多读者的意趣
相差甚远。
【分析】
主句也是一个
there
加系动词的用法。
而表语后都有一个定语从句。
本句的定
语从句是
which helps explain why the
“
standard
templates
”
of the newsroom
seem alien to many
readers
。
Alien
本义为异国的,
此处是相差甚远,
背道而驰。
如果考生不了解
standard templates
的意思,可以从上下文中找其相同作用和功能的词组,如上句中的
a story line
和
back
bone
,
那么就应该知道它们指的都是记者们在写新闻和评论
时固定的套路和思维。
4. This
phenomenon has created serious concerns over the
role of smaller economic firms,of
national businessmen and over the
ultimate stability of the world economy.
【译文】
这种现象引起了人们对小型
经济实体、
民族商人的作用以及世界经济的最终
稳定性的极大关
注。
【分析】
全句的主干是
This phenomenon has
created serious concerns
。人们的担忧实际
包含两个方面
(
即句子的两个状语
)
:一个是
the role (of smaller
economic firms
,
of national
businessmen)
,另一个是
the ultimate stability
(of the world economy)
。但是由于两个状语太
长,建议在翻译时调整一下句子的结构,这样句子肯定更通畅些。
5. Certainly people do not seem less
interested in success and its signs now than
formerly.
Summer
homes,European
travel,BMWs
—
the
locations,place
names
and
name
brands
may
change,but such items do
not seem less in demand today than a decade or two
years ago.
【译文】
当然,人们现在对成功及其
标志的兴趣似乎并未比从前减弱。避暑别墅、欧
洲旅行、
宝马车
——
它们的位置、
地名和商标可能会改
变,
但现在对这些东西的需求似乎并
未比一二十年前减少。
p>
【分析】
此处出现了两个比较级,
less interested
in success and its signs now than
formerly
和
less in demand
today than a decade or two years ago
。另外
要特别注意句中的双重否定:一
是
do not seem
less interested in success and its signs now than
formerly
,
一是
do not
seem less in
demand today than a decade
or two years ago
。
6. Instead,we
are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which
now more than ever seem in
ample
supply:
the
critic
of
American
materialism
with
a
Southampton
summer
home;
the
publisher of radical books who takes
his meals in three star restaurants;the journalist
advocating
participatory democracy in
all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled
in private schools.
【译文】
相反,我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观:美国物欲主义批评家在
南安普顿拥有一幢避暑别墅,
激进图书的出版商在三星级餐馆就餐,
倡导终生参与民主制的
新闻记者把自己的子女送进私立学校。
< br>
【分析】
本句的主句是
we are treated to fine
hypocritical spectacles
。非限定性的定语从
句
(which now more than
ever seem in ample supply)
修饰
spectacles
。冒号后面的成分是三个
并列的名词性
短语,
其核心词分别是
critic
,
publisher
和
journal
ist
。
spectacles
在文中
意为
“壮
观景象”
,有一定的反讽意味
。
7. This does not mean that
ambition is at an end,that people no longer feel
its stirrings and
promptings,but only
that,no longer openly honored,it is less openly
professed.
【译文】
这
并不意味着抱负已经穷途末路,人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了;而只
是说明人们不再
公开地以它为荣,更不愿公开地坦承了。
【分析】
这是一个简单句,主干是
this does not mea
n
,后面接了三个并列的
that
从句
作
mean
的宾语。
< br>在第三个宾语从句中,
it
指代
ambition
,
no longer openly ho
nored
是插入语,
作该从句的状语。
that people no longer feel its stirrings and
promptings
意思是
that people are
no
longer stirred and prompted by
ambition
。
8. The
attacks on ambition are many and come from various
angles;its public defenders are
few and
unimpressive, where they are not extremely
unattractive.
【译文】
对抱负的攻击非常之多,而
且观点不尽相同;公开为之辩解的则少之又少,
而且并不为人注意,尽管他们并非一点吸
引力也没有。
【分析】
此句是用分号隔开的两个并列句,后面的一个分句中有一个
where
p>
引导的定
语从句,从整体上来修饰
its
public defenders
,只不过先行词用了
whe
re
。
9. The
astonishing distrust of the news media isn't
rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial
skills but in the daily clash of world
views between reporters and their readers.
【译文】
对新闻媒介这种令人震惊的不信任,其根源并非是报道失实或低下的报道技
巧,而是记者与读者的世界观每天都发生着碰撞。
【分析】
本句的主干是一个
not…but…
结构。注意这个结构引导的是两个方式状语。
其核心词分别是
i
naccuracy
和
the daily
clash
。
本句的主干是
The
astonishing distrust of the news
media
isn't rooted
。两个分词短语充当句子的状语。
10.
Luckily,if
the
doormat
or
stove
failed
to
warn
of
coming
disaster,a
successful
lawsuit
might compensate you
for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone
since the early 1980s,when
juries began
holding more companies liable for their customers'
misfortunes.
【译文】
幸好,如果门垫和炉子忘了提醒你可能的危险,一切成功的诉讼就会赔偿人
的损失。<
/p>
大约从
20
世纪
80
年代初开始,
陪审员开始越来越多的裁定公司必须为其顾客
的不
幸负责。
【分析】
句子本身并不复杂,两个句
子表达了人们的想法。在第一个句子中,
if
the
doormat or stove failed to warn of
coming disaster
是指门垫或炉灶没有警示语。在第二个句子
中,
or so the thinking has
gone
是一个倒装结构,正常的语序应该是
or the
thinking has gone
so(
或者说人们是这
么想的
)
。
11.
If
it
did,it
would
open
up
its
diversity
program,now
focused
narrowly
on
race
and
gender,and look for
reporters who differ broadly by
outlook,values,education,and class.
【译文】
如果新闻界真的注意到了问
题的关键,它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目,
这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族
和性别的员工,
而进一步寻找那些世界观、
价值观、
教育水平和社会阶层大相径庭的各种记者。
【分析】
本句是一个虚拟语句。
it
代表上文提到的
a
troubled
business
,即“问题重重
的新闻界”。主语
it
跟了两个并列的谓语成分:一是
would open up its
diversity program
,二
是
< br>(would)look for reporters
。
reporters
后面跟了一个定语从句。
now
focused narrowly on race
and gender
是插入语,作
program
的定语。
12.
For
such
people
and
many
more
perhaps
not
so
exceptional,the
proper
formulation
is,
“
Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing
ambitious.”
【译文】
对于这样的人,以及更多也
许不太出色的人而言,恰当的行为准则是:“不
惜一切代价获得成功,但要避免让人看出
雄心勃勃。”
【分析】
For such
people and many more perhaps not so exceptional
是句子的状语,主语
是
the proper
formulation
,谓语是系动词
is
< br>,表语是引号里的内容。
13.
International
affiliates
account
for
a
fast-growing
segment
of
production
in
economies
that open up and
welcome foreign investment.
【译文】在那些对外开放
并鼓励外资的国家的经济中,跨国公司的分支机构已经成为
经济领域中一个快速增长的生
产部门。
【分析】
本句的主干是
International
affiliates
account
for
a
fast-
growing
segment
of
production in
economies
,后面的
that open up
and welcome foreign investment
是
< br>economies
的
定语从句。注意一些词汇的含义:
affiliate
是名词,意为“分支机构”
,此处是指在世界各地
都有分支的多国公司,并且是全句的主语;
account for
是“??的原因”
;
economies
在此处
指经济领域的国家
概念,因此用复数。
14. I believe that
the most important forces behind the massive M&A
wave are the same that
underlie the
globalization process: falling transportation and
communication costs,lower trade and
investment
barriers
and
enlarged
markets
that
require
enlarged
operations
capable
of
meeting
customers demands .
【译文】
我认为引起这场合并浪潮的
最重要力量与导致全球一体化的力量是相同的:
运输通信费用下降;
贸易与投资障碍减少;
市场扩大。
这一切都需要扩大业务往
来满足消费
者的需求。这对消费者只会有利而不会有害。
【分析】
本句是一个嵌套宾语从句,不过也并不难理解。主句是
I
believe that
,
that
后
面是
Ibelieve
的内容。
p>
第二个宾语从句修饰的是
same
,
即
the same that underlie the
globalization
process
。冒号的内容则
进一步说明
globalization
process
的内容。
15.
And should one country take upon itself the role
of “defending competition” on issues
that affect many other nations,as in
the US vs. Microsoft case ?
【译文】
在那些将会影响许多其他国
家的事情中,如美国政府与微软公司的诉讼案,
一个国家是否应该担负起“保护竞争”的
责任呢?
【分析】
此句的主干是
should one country
take upon itself the
role
,而
that affect many
other nations
是
iss
ues
的定语从句。
as in the US vs.
Microsoft case
是
issues
的补语。
on
issues
是
take upon itself the
role
的状语。注意在阅读本句的时候要抓住它本身是一个文句,另外,
vs.
的意思对正确理解也很重要,它是指
“
对垒,对阵
”
,在法律的情景中就是
“
起诉,对
簿公堂
”<
/p>
的意思。
16.
An
education
that
aims
at
getting
a
student
a
certain
kind
of
job
is
a
technical
education,justified for reasons
radically different
from
why
education is universally required by
law.
【译文】
旨在使学生胜任某种工作的
教育是职业教育,它存在的理由与法律所规定的
普及教育之间有很大差别。
【分析】
这个句子的主语是
An
educat
ion
,后面
that
引导的从句既是
主语的定语,表
语是
a technical educati
on
。过去分词
justified
引
导的短语修饰
a technical
education
,
radically
different from why education is
universally required by law
是
reasons
的后置定语。
17.
Rather,we
have
a
certain
conception
of
the
American
citizen,a
character
who
is
incomplete
if
he
cannot
competently
assess
how
his
livelihood
and
happiness
are
affected
by
things outside of himself.
【译文】
我们更应该具有的是作为美
国公民的某种观念,这个公民人物如果不能很恰
当地认识到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到
自身之外的事物的影响,
那么其公民特征就是不完
整的。
【分析】
这个句子的难点在于理解
a
certain
conception
of
the
American
citizen
,即
a
character…
outside of
himself
。这里的
a
character
是指
the American citi
zen
,其后是一个
who
引导的定语
从句;该定语从句是主从复合句,其中主句是
who is incomplete
p>
,
if
引导条件从
句,这个条件从句中的谓语动词
assess
跟了一个
how
引导的宾语从句。
18. Besides,this is unlikely to produce
the needed number of every kind of professional in
a
country as
large as ours
and where the economy
is spread over so
many states and involves so
many
international corporations.
【译文】
另外,在我们这么一个大国
里,经济延展到这么多的州、涉及到这么多的国
际公司,因而要按照数量培养出所需的各
类专业人员是不大可能的。
【分析】
这里的主语
this
指的是前面所说的
professional training
,后面不定式短语中
动词
produce
的宾语是
professional
,前面的成分
是修饰这个词的短语,接着是地点状语,其
中
country<
/p>
带了两个修饰成分:
前一个是形容词性的短语
as large as ours
,
后一个是
where
引
导的定语从句,这个从句的主语
p>
the
economy
有两个谓语动词:
is
和
involves
,后面都用了
相似的结构
so
many
,表示强调。
19.
Declaring that he was opposed to using this
unusual animal husbandry technique to clone
humans,he ordered that federal funds
not be used for such an
experiment
—
although no one
had
proposed
to
do
so
—
and
asked
an
independent
panel
of
experts
chaired
by
Princeton
President
Harold Shapiro to report back to the
White House in 90 days with recommendations for a
national
policy on human cloning.
【译文】
他宣布自己反对使用这种非
同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类,并下令不准
联邦政府基金用于做此类试验
——
尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个以普林斯顿大
学校长哈罗得
·
夏皮罗为首的独立的专家组在
90
天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国
家政策的建议。