-
一般过去时的用法
一、概念
1
.表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有:
yesterday, last week,
an hour ago, in 1982
等。
如:
1
)
I was at the
zoo yesterday.
昨天我在动物园。
2
)
I went to bed
at eleven last nigth.
昨晚我
11<
/p>
:
00
睡觉。
2
.表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
1
)
When I
was a child, I often played football in the
street.
我在小的时候,我经常在街道上踢足球。
2
)
My father often
drove to work last year.
去年,我爸爸经常开车上班。
二、句子结构
1
.在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子,系动词用过式
was
,
were
构成。
如:
(
1
)
< br>I was at home yesterday.
昨天我在家。
(
2
)
We
were in the gym just now.
刚才我们在体育馆。
2
.在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作,用动词的过去式构成。
如:
I visited my uncle
yesterday.
昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。
3
.各种句式
(
1
)一般过去时的肯定陈述句:
主语
+
动词过去式
+
宾语或表语。
He worked
in Shanghai ten years ago.
(
2
)一般过去时的否定句:
a
.主语
+
didn’t
+
动词原形
+
宾语。
(did + not = didn't)He didn't do
morning exercises yesterday.
b
.主语
+
wasn’t/weren’t
+表语。
(was + not = wasn't
were + not = weren't)
He wasn't an English teacher ten years
ago.
(
3
)一般过去时的一般疑
问句:
a
.
Did
+
主语
+
动词原形
+
宾语
?
Did you study
English in 1990 ?
b
.
Was/Were+
主语
+
表语
?
Was he a pupil five years ago ?
(
4
)一般过去时的特殊疑问句:
a
.特殊疑问词
+
did +
主语
+
动词原形
+
宾语?
Where did your parents live five years
ago
?
What did you
do last Sunday
?
b
.特殊疑问词
+
were/was
+
表语?
Who was at the zoo yesterday
三、时间特征
在一般过去时句子中,
通常与下列表示过去的时间状语连用:
yesterday,
yesterday
morning,
yesterday
afternoon,
yesterday
evening, the day before
yesterday
(前天)
, last night,
last week, last month, last year, a moment
ago
(刚才)
, just
now
(刚才)
, two
days
ago, a week ago, in 1990,…
四、动词过去式的构成规律
(
一
)
规则动词的过去式
1.
一般情况下,在动词原形后面加
-ed
。
look→lookedplay→playedstart→startedvisit→visited<
/p>
2.
以不发音
e
结尾的动词,在词尾直接加
-d
。<
/p>
live→l
ived
use→
used
3.
以<
/p>
“
辅音字母
+
y”
结尾的动词,先将
y
改为
i
,
再加
–
ed
。
study→studied,
try→triedfly→flied
4.
以重读闭音节
(即辅音+元音+辅音)
或
r
音节结尾,
末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,
要先双写这个辅音字母后,
再加
–
ed
。
stop→stopped
plan→planned,
prefer→preferred
(
二
)
不规则动词的过去式
1.
改变动词中的元音
begin→began
drink→drank come→came
eat→ate
grow→gre
w
run→ran
know→knew
win→won
speak→spoke
take→took
write→wrote
get→got
< br>2.
变词尾的
–
d
为
–
t
build→built lend→lent send→sent
spend→spent bend→bent
3.
与动词原形一样
cut→cut put→putcost→cost
hurt→hurtshut→shut
4.
变
-ay
为
-aid
(
少数动词
)
say→said
pay→paid lay→laid
5.
采用不同词根
:
sell→sold teach→taught
buy→bought
6.
其他
a
m/is→wasare→werehave/has→haddo→did
五、加
“
-
ed”
p>
后的读音方法
加
在清辅音后面读
/t/
。
finish
ed /-t/help /-t/asked /-t/
加
在浊辅音或元音结尾的,读
/d/
。
played /-d/lived /-d/enjoyed /-d/
加在
/t/
或
/d/
后面,读
/id/
。
wanted /-tid/needed /-did/visited
/-tid/
六、句式变化
(
p>
一
)
、一般过去式的一般疑问句
1.
把
was, we
re
放在句首,
其余位置不变。
由
p>
Was…
?引导的一般疑问句,
肯定答为:
Yes,I/he/she/it
was.
否定回答为:
No,I/he/she/it
wasn’t.
如果是第一人称,要把
was
改为
were
。由
Were…
?引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答为:
Y
es, we/they were.
否定回答为:
No,
we/they weren’t.
如:
(
1
)
I
was born in Shanghai.
→Were you born in
Sh
anghai?
→Yes, I was.
(
肯定回答
)
→No, I
wasn’t. (
否定回答
)
(<
/p>
2
)
They were in Li
Yan’s home last night.
→Were
they in Li Yan’s home last night?
→Yes, they were.
(
肯定回答
)
→No, they
weren’t. (
否定回答
)
(3)It was cloudy yesterday afternoon.
→Was it cloudy yesterday
afternoon?
→Yes, it was.
(
肯定回答
)
→No, it
wasn’t. (
否定回答
)
2.
在行为动词的句子中,要用助动词词
did
来引导,其余的语序不变。要注意的是,要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定
回答
为:
Yes, …did.
否定回答:
No, …didn’t.
如:
(
1<
/p>
)
John played computer games
last night.
→Did John play computer
games last night?
→Yes, he
did. (
肯定回答
)
→No,
he didn’t.
(
否定回答
)
(2)They took a trip to Hang Zhou last
summer?
→Yes, they did.
(
肯定回答
)
→No, they
didn’t. (
否定回答
)
(二)
、一般过去式的否定句
1.
在表示过去存在的状态的句子中,相接在
was, were
的后面加上
not
。
如:
(
1
)
He
was in the park the day before yesterday.
→He was not in the park the day before
yesterday.
(2)We were busy
last week.